1860
Information about 1860
| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| Years: | 1857 1858 1859 - 1860 - 1861 1862 1863 |
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| Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
| Art - Literature - Music - Science |
| Sports - Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia - Canada - Ireland - |
| Mexico - South Africa - U.S. - UK |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: - |
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Events of 1860
January - June
- April 3 - The Pony Express begins its first run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California.
- April 4 – New uprising in Palermo.
- May 1 - A Chondrite type meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New Concord.
- May 6 - Giuseppe Garibaldi and his troops depart from Quarto on the Expedition of the Thousand.
- May 8 - In New Granada (modern-day Colombia) southern state of Cauca secedes from the central government in protest of the suggestion of increase of presidential powers. Magdalena and Bolivar join it.
- May 9 - The U.S. Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.
- May 15 - Battle of Catalafimi; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples in Sicily, during the Second Italian independence war.
- May 17 - German soccer club TSV 1860 München is founded
- May 18 - Abraham Lincoln is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the Republican party.
- May 27 - Garibaldi's forces take Palermo, the capital of Sicily.
- 12 June O.S. 31 May] 1860 - The State Bank of the Russian Empire established.
- June 24 - First nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England.
July - September
- July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded.
- July 9 - Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad was executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
- July 11 - Mutsuhito (the future Emperor Meiji) becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
- July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox monk under the name Nikolai.
- July 20 - The forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat royal Neapolitan forces at the Battle of Milazzo, near Messina. Nearly all of Sicily was now under Garibaldi's control.
- July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as deacon.
- July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as priest.
- August 22 - Assisted by the British navy, the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland.
- September 7
- Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown.
- Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces capture Naples.
- September 10 - Piedmontese forces invade the Papal States hoping to link up with Garibaldi in Naples.
- September 18 - Battle of Castelfidardo: The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory.
October - December
- October - John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
- October 1 - Battle of the Volturno, Garibaldi defeats the last organized army of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.
- October 5 - Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of the massacres of Maronite Christians, committed by Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year.
- October 10 - The original cornerstone of the University of the South was laid in Sewanee, Tennessee.
- October 18 - The first Convention of Peking formally ended the Second Opium War.
- October 18-21 - Beijing's Old Summer Palace is burned to the ground by orders of British general Lord Elgin in retaliation for mistreatment of several prisoners of war during the Second Opium War.
- October 19 - New Māori revolt begins in New Zealand
- October 26
- Garibaldi again defeats the Neapolitan forces, advancing on Gaeta, the last remaining Neapolitan strong-point.
- Meeting of Teano - Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II.
- November 3 - The combined forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II besiege King Francis II of the Two Sicilies in Gaeta, his last remaining stronghold.
- November 6 - U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell and is elected as the sixteenth President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
- December 1 - Charles Dickens publishes the first installment of Great Expectations in his magazine All the Year Round.
- December 20 - South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union.

December 29: HMS Warrior (restored).
- December 29 - The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior is launched.
Undated
- Massacres of the Christians of Damascus, Syria, by part of the Muslim population, under the supervision of the Ottoman Empire.
- Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States except Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy.
- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovers caesium and rubidium (see Discovery of the chemical elements).
- Buenos Aires leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores.
- Augustana College is founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by Swedish immigrants. The college would move to Paxton, Illinois, in 1862, and to its eventual home in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1875.
- Sedalia, Missouri is incorporated.
- First International Chemistry Congress in Karlsruhe, Germanyhi
Ongoing events
- Second Opium War (1856-1860)
- Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1860 MDCCCLX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2613 |
| Armenian calendar | 1309 ԹՎ ՌՅԹ |
| Bah' calendar | 16 – 17 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2404 |
| Chinese calendar | 4496/4556-8-6 (己未年八月初六日) — to — 4497/4557-6-16(庚申年六月十六日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1576 – 1577 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1852 – 1853 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5620 – 5621 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1915 – 1916 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1782 – 1783 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4961 – 4962 |
| Holocene calendar | 11860 |
| Iranian calendar | 1238 – 1239 |
| Islamic calendar | 1276 – 1277 |
| Japanese calendar | Man'en 0 (万延0年) |
| - Imperial Year | Kōki 2520 (皇紀2520年) |
| Julian calendar | 1905 |
| Korean calendar | 4193 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2403 |
January - June
- January 3 - Kato Takaaki, 24th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1926)
- January 8 - Emma Booth, the fourth child of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1903)
- January 25 - Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
- January 29
- William Jacob Baer, American painter (d. 1941)
- Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
- February 11 - Rachilde, French author (d. 1953)
- February 25 - Sir William Ashley, economic historian (d. 1927)
- February 29 - Herman Hollerith, American businessman and inventor (d. 1929)
- March 2 - Susanna M. Salter, first woman mayor in the United States (d. 1961)
- March 5 - Sam Thompson, baseball player (d. 1922)
- March 13 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (d. 1903)
- March 19 - William Jennings Bryan, American politician (d. 1925)
- March 22 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. 1940)
- March 27 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (d. 1924)
- May 2 - Theodor Herzl, founder of modern political Zionism (d. 1904)
- May 9 - J. M. Barrie, Scottish author (d. 1937)
- May 20 - Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
- May 21 - Willem Einthoven, Dutch inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
- May 25 - James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (d. 1944)
- May 29 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)
- June 20 - Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. 1937)
- June 22 - Tom O'Brien, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1921)
- June 23 - Albert Giraud, Belgian poet (d. 1929)
July - December
- July 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist (d. 1935)
- July 7 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
- July 7 - Drago, Lori Grace, was born in New Jersey, thus making the world a better place (d. 1983)
- July 16 - Otto Jespersen, Danish linguist, creator of Ido and Novial languages (d.1943)
- July 19 - Lizzie Borden, American murder suspect (d. 1927)
- August 3 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
- August 7 - Alan Leo, British astrologer (d. 1917)
- August 10 - Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musician (d. 1936)
- August 16 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
- August 13 - Annie Oakley, American west show performer (d. 1926)
- August 15 - Henrietta Vinton Davis, American elocutionist, dramatist, and impersonator (d. 1941)
- August 20 - Raymond Poincare, French President (d. 1934)
- September 5 - Andrew Volstead, American politician (d. 1947)
- September 6 - Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
- September 13 - John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
- October 31 - Juliette Gordon Low , the founder of Girl Scouts
- November 1 - Boies Penrose, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. 1921)
- November 6 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1941)
- November 16 - John Henry Kirby, Texas legislator and American businessman (d. 1940)
- November 23
- Billy the Kid, American gunfighter (d. 1881)
- Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
- November 22 - Fusajiro Yamauchi, founder of Nintendo (d. 1940)
- December 4 - Charles de Broqueville, Belgian Prime Minister (d. 1940)
- December 7 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947)
- December 15 - Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1904)
- December 31 - Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of Texaco (d. 1937)
- date unknown
- John Coughlin, American politician (d. 1938)
- Frederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer (d. 1938)
- Soapy Smith, Jefferson R. Smith, infamous American confidence man and crime boss (d. 1898)
- Lancelot Speed, British illustrator (d. 1931)
- See also .
Deaths
January - June
- January 13 - William Mason, American politician (b. 1786)
- January 27
- János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1802)
- Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer (b. 1773)
- January 29 - Stephanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1789)
- March 6 - Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer, German cellist and composer (b. 1783)
- March 17 - Anna Jameson, German author
- March 25 - James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
- May 12 - Sir Charles Barry, English architect (b. 1795)
- May 16 - Anne Isabella Milbanke, wife of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (b. 1792)
July - December
- July 1 - Charles Goodyear, American inventor (b. 1800)
- September 21 - Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (b. 1788)
- October 31 - Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British admiral (b. 1775)
- November 1 - Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia), the Empress Consort of Russian Emperor Nicholas I (b. 1798)
- December 14 - George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784)
- date unknown - Dai Xi, Chinese painter (b. 1801)
- See also .
- Upper Paleolithic
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s
1830 1831 1832 1833 1834
1835 1836 1837 1838 1839
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1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s
1830 1831 1832 1833 1834
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1810s 1820s 1830s - 1840s - 1850s 1860s 1870s
1840 1841 1842 1843 1844
1845 1846 1847 1848 1849
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1840 1841 1842 1843 1844
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1850 1851 1852 1853 1854
1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
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1850 1851 1852 1853 1854
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864
1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864
1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874
1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
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1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
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1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
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1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
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Twenty-first century
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1854 1855 1856 - 1857 - 1858 1859 1860
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1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1854 1855 1856 - 1857 - 1858 1859 1860
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1855 1856 1857 - 1858 - 1859 1860 1861
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1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1855 1856 1857 - 1858 - 1859 1860 1861
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1856 1857 1858 - 1859 - 1860 1861 1862
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1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1856 1857 1858 - 1859 - 1860 1861 1862
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1858 1859 1860 - 1861 - 1862 1863 1864
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1858 1859 1860 - 1861 - 1862 1863 1864
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19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1859 1860 1861 - 1862 - 1863 1864 1865
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1859 1860 1861 - 1862 - 1863 1864 1865
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866
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1860 in archaeology
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Explorations
Excavations
- Giuseppe Fiorell takes charge of excavations at Pompeii
- Ernest Renan makes excavations at Byblos
Finds
Publications
Births
Deaths
See also
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-1860- 1861 . 1862 . 1863 1864 . 1865 . 1866 . 1867 . 1868 . 1869 .
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-1860- 1861 . 1862 . 1863 1864 . 1865 . 1866 . 1867 . 1868 . 1869 .
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-1860- 1861 1862 1863 1864 . 1865 . 1866 . 1867 . 1868 . 1869 . 1870
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-1860- 1861 . 1862 . 1863 1864 . 1865 . 1866 . 1867 . 1868 . 1869 .
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-1860- 1861 . 1862 . 1863 1864 . 1865 . 1866 . 1867 . 1868 . 1869 .
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1860 1861 1862 1863
18th century · 19th century · 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s
1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863
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18th century · 19th century · 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s
1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863
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This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1860.
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Events
April events
- April 23 - The Staten Island Railway starts operations in Staten Island, New York; this is now the oldest rapid transit right-of-way in New York City, but is operated
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See also: 1859 in Australia, other events of 1860, 1861 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history.
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Incumbents
Governors
Governors of the Australian colonies:- Governor of New South Wales - Sir William Dennison
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See also: 1859 in Canada, other events of 1860, 1861 in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.
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Events
- June 27 - The first Queen's Plate race is held in Toronto
- August 25 - Montreal's Victoria Bridge opens
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See also: 1859 in Ireland, 1861 in Ireland
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Events
- Deasy's Land Act[1], intended to reform tenants' rights.
Births
- 17 January - Douglas Hyde, member of the Seanad in 1922 and 1938; first President of Ireland and Gaelic scholar
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