Year
1919 (
MCMXIX) was a
common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar (or a
common year starting on Tuesday[1]
of the 13-day-slower
Julian calendar).
- Contents (full)
- 1 Events of 1919
- : - Jan. . Feb. . March . April
- : - May . June . July . Aug.
- : - Sept. . Oct. . Nov. . Dec.
- : - Undated . Ongoing .
- 2 Births
- 3 Deaths
- 4 Nobel Prizes
- 5 See also - Notes - External links
Events of 1919
January
February
March
April
May
- May 1
- Large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police
- Riots break out in Cleveland, Ohio; 2 people are killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested.
- May 3 - Weimar Republic troops and Freikorps occupy Munich and crush the Bavarian Soviet Republic.
- May 4 - The May Fourth Movement opposes foreign colonizers in China.
- May 15 - Winnipeg workers launch a general strike for better wages and working conditions.
- May 16
- A U.S. Navy Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read departs Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight
- An Hellenic Army lands at Smyrna.
- May 17 - A Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose the Winnipeg General Strike.
- May 19 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk lands at Samsun on the Anatolian Black Sea coast, initiating what was later termed the Turkish War of Independence. The anniversary of this event is the official commemoration date of the Pontic Greek Genocide in Greece and Cyprus.
- May 23 - The University of California opens its second campus in Los Angeles. Initially called Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC), it is eventually renamed the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
- May 25 - Volcano Kelut erupts in Java, killing 16,000.
- May 29 - Einstein's theory of general relativity is tested/confirmed by Arthur Eddington's observation of a total solar eclipse in Principe and by Andrew Crommelin in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.[2]
June
- June 2 - Several mail bombs are sent to prominent figures as part of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
- June 4 - Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
- June 14 - John Alcock and Arthur Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they land at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland the next day). http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/alcock.htm
- June 15 - Pancho Villa attacks Ciudad Juárez. When the bullets begin to fly to the US side of the border, 2 units of the US 7th Cavalry regiment cross the border and repulse Villa's forces.
- June 21
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (North-West Mounted Police) fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the Winnipeg General Strike.
- Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney; 9 Germans die.
- The American Winged Foot Express catches on fire over downtown Chicago; 2 passengers, 1 crewmember and 10 people on the ground are killed; only 2 people parachute to the ground safely.[3]
- June 23 - Estonian Freedom War: Estonian army wins the Battle of Cēsis in Northern Latvia against the German Landeswehr.
- June 28 - The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I.
July
- July 6 - The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic by an airship.
- July 31 - Policemen in London and Liverpool strike for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers. Over 2,000 strikers are dismissed.
August
September
October
November
December
Undated
- Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, along with his father John W. Bascom at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, designs and makes rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, now the world standard.
- The Åland Islands vote for a return to Swedish rule in a referendum.
- Les Champs Magnetiques, the first automatic book, is written by Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault.
- XWA (now CFCF), in Montreal, Quebec, becomes the first public radio station in North America to go on the air.
- Various strikes in USA: Strike of US railroad workers; Longshoreman's strike; The Great Steel Strike; General strike in Seattle, Washington.
- Female suffrage is enacted in Germany and Luxembourg.
- Murderer Henri Désiré Landru is arrested.
- Marcel Tolkowsky's Diamond Design is published.
- The International Astronomical Union is founded.
- World League Against Alcoholism established by Anti-Saloon League
Ongoing
Fictional
The following are references to year 1919 in fiction: (unknown).
Births
January-February
- January 1 - J. D. Salinger, American novelist
- January 5 - Hector Abhayavardhana, Sri Lankan political theorist
- January 13 - Robert Stack, American actor (d. 2003)
- January 14 - Andy Rooney, American journalist
- January 23
- Hans Hass, Austrian zoologist
- Ernie Kovacs, American comedian (d. 1962)
- Bob Paisley, British football player and manager (d. 1996)
- January 24 - Leon Kirchner, American composer
- January 25 - Edwin Newman, American journalist and writer
- January 26 - Valentino Mazzola, Italian footballer (d. 1949)
- January 27 - Ross Bagdasarian, American musician and actor (d. 1972)
- January 31 - Jackie Robinson, baseball player (d. 1972)
- February 5
- Red Buttons, American actor (d. 2006)
- Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1996)
- February 9 - Langdon Brown Gilkey - American Christian Protestant ecumenical theologian (d. 2004)
- February 11
- Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (d. 1995)
- Eddie Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007)
- February 12 - Forrest Tucker, American actor (d. 1986)
- February 13 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)
- February 18 - Jack Palance, American actor (d. 2006)
- February 20 - Joe Krol, Canadian football player
- February 24 - Árpád Bogsch, Hungarian international civil servant (d. 2004)
- February 26
- Rie Mastenbroek, Dutch swimmer (d. 2003)
- Mason Adams, American character actor (d. 2005)
March-April
- March 2 - Jennifer Jones, American actress
- March 4 - Buck Baker, American racecar driver (d. 2002)
- March 15 - Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002)
- March 17 - Nat King Cole, American singer (d. 1965)
- March 24
- Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American author and publisher
- Robert Heilbroner, American economist (d. 2005)
- March 29 - Eileen Heckart, American actress (d. 2001)
- March 30 - McGeorge Bundy, U.S. National Security Advisor (d. 1996)
- April 1 - Joseph Murray, American surgeon, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- April 8 - Ian Douglas Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia
- April 13 - Phil Tonken, American radio and television announcer (d. 2000)
- April 19 - Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer
- April 20 - Richard Hillary, Battle of Britain Spitfire pilot, author of The Last Enemy (d. 1943)
- April 22 - Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
May-June
- May 1 - Dan O'Herlihy, Irish film actor (d. 2005)
- May 3
- John Cullen Murphy, American comic strip artist (d. 2004)
- Pete Seeger, American singer and musician
- May 7 - Eva Perón, wife of Argentine President Juan Peron (d. 1952)
- May 8 - Lex Barker, American actor (d. 1973)
- May 16 - Liberace, American pianist (d. 1987)
- May 17 - Antonio Aguilar, Mexican singer and actor (d. 2007)
- May 18 - Margot Fonteyn, English ballet dancer (d. 1991)
- May 20 - George Gobel, American comedian (d. 1991)
- May 23 - Betty Garrett, American actress and dancer
- June 4 - Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
- June 5 - Richard Scarry, American children's author (d. 1994)
- June 19 - Pauline Kael, American film critic (d. 2001)
- June 21 - Gérard Pelletier, Canadian journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. 1997)
- June 26 - Richard Neustadt, American political historian (d. 2003)
- June 30 - Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)
July-August
- July 6 - Ernst Haefliger, Swiss tenor (d. 2007)
- July 7 - Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
- July 15 - Iris Murdoch, Irish novelist (d. 1999)
- July 20 - Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer
- July 31 - Maurice Boitel, French painter
- August 11 - Ginette Neveu, French violinist (d. 1949)
- August 13 - Rex Humbard, American television evangelist (d. 2007)
- August 15 - Benedict Kiely, Irish author and broadcaster (d. 2007)
- August 25 - George Wallace, Governor of Alabama (d. 1998)
- August 28 - Godfrey Hounsfield, English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- August 31 - Amrita Preetam, Indian poetess and author (d. 2005)
September-October
- September 11 - Ota Sik, Czech economist and politician (d. 2004)
- September 21 - Fazlur Rahman, Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. 1988)
- September 26 - Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and researcher
- September 27 - James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (d. 1986)
- October 3 - James M. Buchanan, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- October 5 - Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)
- October 11 - Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
- October 12 - Doris Miller, American sailor (d. 1943)
- October 16 - Kathleen Winsor, American writer (d. 2003)
- October 17 - Zhao Ziyang, prime minister of the People's Republic of China (d.2005)
- October 18
- Anita O'Day, American jazz singer (d. 2006)
- Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000)
- October 22 - Doris Lessing, British writer
- October 23 - Manolis Andronikos, Greek Arceologist (d 1992)
- October 26
- James E. Myers, American songwriter (d. 2001)
- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1980)
November-December
- November 3
- Jesús Blasco, Spanish comic book author (d. 1995)
- Spider Jorgensen, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
- November 5 - Myron Floren, American accordionist (d. 2005)
- November 10 - Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian firearms inventor
- November 14 - Lisa Otto, German soprano
- November 15 - Roy Burden, Canadian World War II pilot (d. 2005)
- November 18 - Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (d. 1944)
- November 28 - Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (d. 2004)
- December 6 - Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (d. 1983)
- December 8 - Mieczyslaw Weinberg, Polish composer (d. 1996)
- December 9 - William Lipscomb, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 21 - Ove Sprogøe, Danish actor (d. 2004)
- December 31 - Tommy Byrne, baseball player
Deaths
January - June
- January 4 - Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1843)
- January 6
- Max Heindel, Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (b. 1865)
- Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (b. 1858)
- January 7 - Henry Ware Eliot American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1843)
- January 15
- Karl Liebknecht, German politician (executed) (b. 1871)
- Rosa Luxemburg, German politician (executed)
- January 18 - Prince John of the United Kingdom (b. 1905)
- January 27 - Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (b. 1877)
- February 17 - Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841)
- April 4 - William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (b. 1832)
- April 10 - Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1879)
- April 15 - Jane Delano, American nurse and founder or the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. 1862)
- May 3 - Eugen Levine, German revolutionary (b. 1883)
- May 4 - Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak general, politician, and astronomer (b. 1880)
- May 6 - L. Frank Baum, American writer (b. 1856)
- May 14 - Henry John Heinz, American businessman (b. 1844)
- June 29 - José Gregorio Hernández, Venezuelan medician and saint (b. 1864)
- June 30 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)
July - December
- July 15 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- July 26 - Edward Poynter, British painter (b. 1836)
- August 9 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857)
- August 11 - Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-born businessman and philanthropist (b. 1835)
- October 7 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1856)
- October 13 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
- October 18 - Viscount William Astor, American financier and statesman (b. 1848)
- November 9 - Eduard Müller, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1848)
- November 15 - Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
- December 3 - Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter (b. 1841)
Nobel prizes
See also
Notes
External links
- Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, 2002, Random House.
- Paula Phelan, 1919 Misfortune's End, 2007, ZAPmedia.
Table of contents
Upper Paleolithic - 10th millennium BC | 9th millennium BC | 8th millennium BC
- 7th millennium BC | 6th millennium BC | 5th millennium BC
..... Click the link for more information. For the periodical, see .
The
19th Century (also written XIX century) lasted from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. It is often referred to as the "1800s.
..... Click the link for more information. twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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21st Century is the present century of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001 and is due to end December 31, 2100. However, more modern methods of dating begin the century in the year 2000.
..... Click the link for more information.
list of decades which have articles with more information about them.
During the twentieth century, it became popular to look at that century's decades as historical entities in themselves.
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Centuries: 18th century -
19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s -
1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
- -
-
Events and Trends
Technology
..... Click the link for more information. Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
- -
- The 1890s
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Centuries: 18th century -
19th century - 20th century
1870s 1880s 1890s -
1900s - 1910s 1920s 1930s
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904
1905 1906 1907 1908 1909
- -
-
Events and trends
Technology
..... Click the link for more information. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1910 1911 1912 1913 1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
- -
-
Events and trends
..... Click the link for more information. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
- -
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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
- -
- The 1930s
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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
- -
- The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949.
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This page indexes the individual
years pages.
Twenty-first century
- 2100 - 2099 - 2098 - 2097 - 2096 - 2095 - 2094 - 2093 - 2092 - 2091
- 2090 - 2089 - 2088 - 2087 - 2086 - 2085 - 2084 - 2083 - 2082 - 2081
..... Click the link for more information. 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1913 1914 1915 - 1916 - 1917 1918 1919
Year 1916 (MCMXVI
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1914 1915 1916 - 1917 - 1918 1919 1920
Year 1917 (MCMXVII
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1915 1916 1917 - 1918 - 1919 1920 1921
Year 1918 (MCMXVIII
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1917 1918 1919 - 1920 - 1921 1922 1923
Year 1920 (MCMXX
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1918 1919 1920 - 1921 - 1922 1923 1924
Year 1921 (MCMXXI
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1919 1920 1921 - 1922 - 1923 1924 1925
Year 1922 (MCMXXII
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Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The system used in classical antiquity was slightly modified in the Middle Ages to produce the system we use today. It is based on certain letters which are given values as numerals.
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This is the calendar for any common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E). Examples: Gregorian year 2003 or Julian year 1903 (see bottom tables).
(A common year is a year with 365 days — in other words, not a leap year, which has 366.
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Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world. A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 via the papal bull
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This is the calendar for any common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F). Examples: Gregorian years 2013, 2002 & 1991 or Julian year 1919 (see bottom tables).
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Julian calendar was a reform of the Roman calendar which was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the
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January 1 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.
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Motto
Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin)
"No one provokes me with impunity"
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"
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HMS is a three-letter acronym that may stand for:
- Handheld, Manpack, Small Form Factor radio transceivers in the United States' military Joint Tactical Radio System
..... Click the link for more information. Iolaire (Scottish Gaelic for Eagle) was an Admiralty yacht whose sinking on the 1 January 1919 in the Minch strait was one of the worst maritime disasters in United Kingdom waters during the 20th century. At least 205 men perished of the 280 aboard.
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Edsel Bryant Ford (November 6, 1893 – May 26, 1943), son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. He was president of Ford Motor Company from 1919 to 1943.[1] [2]
Life and career
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