Information about 1st century BC

The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero; however, astronomical year numbering does use a minus sign, so '2 BC' is equal to 'year -1'.

In the course of the century all the remaining independent lands surrounding the Mediterranean were steadily brought under Roman control, being ruled either directly under governors or through puppet kings appointed by Rome. The Roman state itself was plunged into civil war several times, finally resulting in the marginalization of its 500 year old republic, and the embodiment of total state power in a single man - the emperor. The internal turbulence which plagued Rome at this time can be seen as he last death throes of the Roman Republic, as it finally gave way to the autocratic ambitions of powerful men like Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian. Jesus of Nazareth, the central figure of Christianity is thought to have been born at the close of this century.

Events

Bust of Julius Caesar

92 BC Lucullus invades Armenia, setting off the centuries long Roman vs Persian Wars.
81 BC Sulla is appointed dictator of the Roman state, and brings about major reforms.
73 BC A slave rebellion lead by the escaped gladiator Spartacus leads to the Third Servile War.
63 BC Pompey captures Jerusalem, and establishes Roman annexation of Judea as a client kingdom. King Judah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brother John Hyrcanus II becomes king under Roman suzerainty.
57 BC Silla is founded in southeastern Korea (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi)
53 BC The Parthians defeat the Romans under Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae
49 BC January 10: Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon river, precipitating war with Rome
44 BC Julius Caesar murdered
37 BC Goguryeo is founded in southern Manchuria (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi)
31 BC Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium - Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
27 BC The Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of Augustus. Augustus eventually assumes all authority formerly held by the Roman senate becoming the first emperor. The Roman state is henceforth known as the Roman Empire, and the period from 27 BC to AD 305 as the Principate.
18 BC Baekje is founded in midwestern Korea (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi)
c. 6 to 4 BC Birth of Jesus of Nazareth (see Chronology of Jesus' birth and death and Anno Domini for further details)

Significant persons

Cicero Denouncing Catiline by Cesare Maccari.One of several political conflicts in the Roman Republic during this century

Burebista, greatest king of Dacia
Catiline, attempted to overthrow Roman Republic
Caesar Augustus, Roman emperor
Cicero, Roman politician and writer
Cleopatra VII of Egypt, Egyptian ruler
Herod the Great
Hillel the Elder, Jewish rabbi
Horace, Roman poet
Jesus of Nazareth, central figure of Christianity
Jing Fang, Chinese mathematician and music theorist
Julius Caesar, Roman politician
Livy, Roman historian
Lucretius, Roman philosopher
Marcus Antonius, Roman politician
Marcus Junius Brutus, Caesar's adopted son, supposedly killed him
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman statesman and general
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio Roman writer, architect and engineer
Sextus Pompeius, Roman general
Ptolemy XIII of Egypt, drowned in Nile
Ovid, Roman poet
Virgil, Roman poet
Spartacus, gladiator
Sima Qian, Chinese historian, father of Chinese historiography
Tigranes the Great, king of Armenia

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Sunspots, first recorded by Chinese
The Antikythera mechanism is made
The first dome was built by the Romans
Glass blowing is invented in Roman Syria
The Chinese Ji Jiu Pian dictionary published in 40 BC during the Han Dynasty is the earliest known reference to the hydraulic-powered trip hammer device.

Decades and Years

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1st century
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Before Christ / Before Common Era (BC/BCE)
Millennium	Century
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Anno Domini / Common Era (AD/CE)
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1st century BC - 1st century
130s BC 120s BC 110s BC - 100s BC - 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC
103 BC 102 BC 101 BC - 100 BC - 99 BC 98 BC 97 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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1st century BC - 1st century
30s BC 20s BC 10s BC - 0s BC - 0s 10s 20s
4 BC 3 BC 2 BC - 1 BC - 1 CE 2 CE 3 CE

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
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Era may refer to:

Era, a long period of history
ERA Real Estate, also known as Electronic Realty Associates Inc.
Era (musical project), founded by Eric Levi
Era (telecommunications), the brand name of Poland's mobile phone network operator, PTC

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Depending on context, epoch can refer to:

Period of time

a distinctive historical period or era
a unit of the geologic time scale, less than a period and greater than an age
a phase in the development of the universe with distinctive properties

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Period and periodic may refer to:

An interval of time that an event, chain of events, instance or happening, takes place within. It is measured between a start point and an end point and generally repeats (which is where the term period came to describe a

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year zero does not exist in the predominant Western Gregorian calendar nor its predecessor, the Julian calendar. However, it does exist in ISO 8601:2004 and astronomical year numbering (where it is equal to the Gregorian year 1 BC) as well as in all Buddhist and Hindu calendars.
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Astronomical year numbering is based on AD/CE year numbering, but follows normal decimal integer numbering more strictly. Thus, it has a year 0 and the years before that are designated with a minus sign '−'. The era designations AD/CE are dropped.
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Gaius Julius Caesar
Dictator of the Roman Republic

Reign October, 49 BC–March 15, 44 BC
Full name Gaius Julius Caesar
Born 12 July 100 BC - 102 BC
Rome, Roman Republic
Died 15 March 44 BC (aged 57)
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Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N ^[1]) (c. January 14, 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general.
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Augustus Caesar
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Reign January 16 27 BC – August 19 AD 14
Full name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Born September 23, 63 BC
Rome, Roman Republic
Died August 19, AD 14 (age 76)
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Jesus (8–2 BC/BCE to 29–36 AD/CE),^[2] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity, and is also an important figure in several other religions.
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Christianity

Foundations
Jesus Christ
Church Theology
New Covenant Supersessionism
Dispensationalism
Apostles Kingdom Gospel
History of Christianity Timeline
Bible
Old Testament New Testament
Books Canon Apocrypha
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1st century BC - 1st century
120s BC 110s BC 100s BC - 90s BC - 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC
95 BC 94 BC 93 BC - 92 BC - 91 BC 90 BC 89 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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Lucius Licinius Lucullus (ca. 118-56 BC) was a consul of ancient Rome, a supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and victor in the East.

Biography

Born in Rome, he was a member of the prominent gens
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The Kingdom of Armenia (or Greater Armenia) was an independent kingdom from 190 BC to 66 BC, and a client state of either the Roman or Persian empires until AD 428.Stretching from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Seas.
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1st century BC - 1st century
110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC
84 BC 83 BC 82 BC - 81 BC - 80 BC 79 BC 78 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX )^[1] (ca. 138 BC–78 BC), usually known simply as Sulla, was a Roman general, consul and dictator.
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1st century BC - 1st century
100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC
76 BC 75 BC 74 BC - 73 BC - 72 BC 71 BC 70 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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Spartacus (ca. 120 BC^[1] – ca. 70 BC), according to Roman historians, was a gladiator-slave who became the leader (or possibly one of several) in the unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic known as the Third Servile War.
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^]] a: Presumed dead, body never found

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1st century BC - 1st century
90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC
66 BC 65 BC 64 BC - 63 BC - 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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For other meanings see Pompey (disambiguation).

Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ^[1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS ^[2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus
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Jerusalem (Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (help info ) , Yerushaláyim; Arabic:
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Judea or Judæa (Hebrew: יהודה, Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised, celebrated"; Greek: Ιουδαία; Latin: Iudaea
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Suzerainty (pronounced [ˈsuzəɹɪnti] or [ˈsuzəˌɹeɪnti]
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1st century BC - 1st century
80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC
60 BC 59 BC 58 BC - 57 BC - 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
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History of Korea
Jeulmun Period
Mumun Period
Gojoseon, Jin
Proto-Three Kingdoms:
Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye
Samhan
Ma, Byeon, Jin
Three Kingdoms:
Goguryeo
Sui wars
Baekje
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1st century BC - 1st century
80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC
56 BC 55 BC 54 BC - 53 BC - 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 53 BC in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 53 BC

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Parthia^[1] was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeast of modern Iran, but at its height covering all of Iran proper, as well as regions of the modern countries of Armenia, Iraq, Georgia, eastern Turkey, eastern Syria, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan,
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1st Century Bc

Events

Significant persons

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Decades and Years

Period of time

Biography