Türkçe ansiklopedi, sözlük, genel başvuru ve bilgi sitesi   
  		  Yardım
  Rastgele    

Adana

Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
Adana
Enlarge picture
A view from the northern part of Adana
A view from the northern part of Adana
Location in Turkey
Overview
RegionMediterranean Region, Turkey
ProvinceAdana Province
Population1,271,894 (2006 (est))
Elevation23 m
Coordinates| Coordinates:
Postal code01xxx
Area code0322
Licence plate code01
MayorAytaç Durak
Websitehttp://www.adana.bel.tr
Governorİlhan ATIS
Governor websitehttp://www.adana.gov.tr


Adana (Turkish: Adana}) (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus)) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey. According to the 2000 census, with 1,130,710 inhabitants,[1] it is the fifth most populous city of Turkey (after İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir and Bursa). The 2006 estimate of Adana's population is 1,271,894.

For most Turkish people, the word 'Adana' associates with Kebab, şalgam, cotton, oranges, and very hot weather.

Adana is named among the 25 European Regions of the Future for 2006/2007 by Foreign Direct Investment Magazine. Chosen alongside Kocaeli for Turkey, Adana scored the most points for cost effectiveness against Kocaeli's points for infrastructure development, while Adana and Kocaeli tied on points for the categories of human resources and quality of life.[2]

Location

Enlarge picture
The Sabancı Mosque
One of the largest and most dynamic cities in Turkey and situated thirty kilometers (nineteen miles) inland, Adana is the gateway to the Cilician plain, now known as the Çukurova plain, the large stretch of flat and fertile land which lies to the south-east of the Taurus Mountains. This is possibly the most productive area in this part of the world.

From Adana, crossing the Çukurova going west, the road from Tarsus enters the foothills of the Taurus Mountains. The temperature decreases with every foot of ascent; the road reaches an altitude of nearly 4000 feet. It goes through the famous Cilician or Çukurova Gates, the rocky pass through which armies have coursed since the dawn of history, and continues to the Anatolian plain.

The north of the city is surrounded by the Seyhan reservoir and HEP, which was completed in 1956. The dam has constructed for hydroelectric power (HEP) and to provide irrigation water to the lower part of Çukurova plain, agricultural cultivating area located in the south part of the city. Two irrigation channels in the city flow to the plain passing through the city center from east to west. Also there is another canal for irrigating the Yüreğir plain to the southeast of the city.

Etymology

Its name is derived from the Hittite URUAdaniya of Kizzuwatna. In the Iliad of Homer, the city is called Adana. In Hellenistic times, it was known as Antiochia in Cilicia (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Κιλικίας) or Antiochia ad Sarum (Greek: Αντιόχεια η προς Σάρον; "Antiocia on the Sarus"). The editors of The Helsinki Atlas tentatively identify Adana as Quwê (as contained in cuneiform tablets), the Neo-Assyrian capital of Quwê province. The name also appears as Coa, and may be the place referred to in the Bible, where King Solomon obtained horses. (I Kings 10:28; II Chron. 1:16).[3]

The name of the city is believed to have come from a legend that Adanus and Sarus, two sons of Uranus, came to a place near the Seyhan River where they built Adana.

Alternatively, it is believed that Adad (Tesup), the name of the Hittite Thunder God that lived in the forest was given to the region. The Hittites ideas, names and writings have been found in the area so this is a strong possibility. The theory goes that since the Thunder God brought so much rain and this rain in turn brought such great abundance in this particular region, this god was loved and respected by its inhabitants and, in his honor, the region was called the 'Uru Adaniyya'; in other words 'The Region of Ada'.

Adana's name has had many different versions over the centuries: Adanos, Ta Adana, Uru Adaniya, Erdene, Edene, Ezene, Batana, Atana, Azana.

History

The history of Adana is intrinsically linked to the history of Tarsus; they seem often to be the same city, moving as the neighbouring Seyhan River changed its position and the name changed over the course of centuries. Adana was of little importance in ancient history while Tarsus was the metropolis of the area. Also, Ayas (today Yumurtalık), and Kozan (formerly Sis) have been population and administrative centers, especially during the time of the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia.

The history of Adana goes back 3000 years; finds in the region reveal human occupation of the area during the Paleolithic Age.

Tepebag Tumulus, where archaeologists found a stone wall and a city center, was built in the Neolithic Age; it is considered to be the oldest city of the Cilicia region.

Then the city was directly and indirectly the subject of many epic poems and legends over the course of many millennia. Adana is mentioned by name in a Sumerian epic, the Epic of Gilgamesh.

According to the Hittite inscription of Kava, found in Hattusa (Boğazkale), Kitvanza Kingdom was the first kingdom that ruled Adana, under the protection of the Hittites in 1335 BC. In that time the name of the city was Uru Adaniyya and the inhabitants were called Danuna.

After the rule of the Hittites, circa 1191-1189 B.C, invasions from the west caused many small kingdoms to take control of the plain, as follows: Kue Assyrians, 9th century BC; Cilician Kingdom, Persians, 6th century BC; Alexander the Great in 333 BC; Seleucids; and the pirates of Cilicia and Roman statesman Pompey the Great.

During the era of Pompey, the city was used as a prison for the pirates of Cilicia. For several centuries thereafter it was a waystation on a Roman military road leading to the East. After the split of the Roman Empire, the area became part of the Byzantine Empire and was probably developed during the time of Julian. With the building of large bridges, roads, government buildings, and irrigation and plantation, Adana and Cilicia became the most developed and important trade centers of the region.

Middle Ages

In the mid 7th century, the city was captured by the Arab Abbasids. According to an Arab historian of that era, the name of the city was derived from Ezene, the prophet Yazene's grandson.

The Byzantines recaptured Adana in 964. After the victory of Alp Arslan at the Battle of Manzikert, the Seljuk Turks overran much of the Byzantine Empire. They had reached and captured Adana sometime before 1071 and continued to hold the place until Tancred, a leader of the First Crusade, captured the city in 1097.

In 1132 it was captured by the forces of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, under its king, Leo I. It was taken by Byzantine forces in 1137, but the Armenians regained it around the year 1170. Adana remained a part of the Kingdom of Cilician Armenia until around 1360 when the city was ceded by Constantine III to the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt in return for obtaining a peace treaty. The Mamluks capture of the city allowed many Turkish families to settle in it. The Ramazanoğlu family, one of the Turkish families brought by the Mamluks, ruled Adana until the Ottomans captured the city.

Modern Era

From the end of the Renaissance to the modern era (1517–1918), the Ottoman Empire ruled the area.

In the 1830s, in order to secure Egypt's independence for the Ottoman Empire, the army of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the viceroy of Egypt, invaded Syria on two occasions and reached the Adana plain. The subsequent peace treaty secured Egypt's independence but (at the insistence of Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia) required the evacuation of all Egyptian forces from Syria and its return to Ottoman sovereignty. In the aftermath, Adana was established as a province in its own right.

In 1909 Adana was the location of the Adana massacre.[4] Turkish scholars and some others refer to the event as the Adana rebellion based on a thesis of its underlying causes.[5]

After World War I, the Ottoman government surrendered control of the city to French troops and an Armenian troop equipped by French were sent to occupy the city. During the Turkish War of Independence, Adana was strategically important. Mustafa Kemal came to the city on October 31, 1918 and stayed there for eleven days. As a result, he decided to fight against the Allies and the idea of Kuvayi Milliye was born. Turkish nationalists fought against Allied forces and on October 20, 1921 Treaty of Ankara was signed between France and Turkish Grand National Assembly, based on the terms of the agreement, France signified the end of the Cilicia War, afterwards French invasion troops together with the Armenian volunteers[6] withdrew form city until January 5, 1922.

Further information: Franco-Turkish War

Chronology

Adana today

Adana has become an international metropolis, stretching and swallowing its neighbors. Adana is the marketing and distribution center for the Çukurova agricultural region, where cotton, wheat, corn, soy bean, barley, grapes and citrus fruits are produced in great quantities. The main industries of the city are textile manufacturing, leather tanning, and wool processing.

The city of Adana today is administered by two district council authorities: Seyhan and Yüreğir separated by Seyhan river. Seyhan, the more developed west part of the city where Yüreğir is located on the east part of the Seyhan river. NATO's Incirlik Air Base is located in town of İncirlik, 12 km east of Adana.

The houses in Adana have flat tops, and the roofs serve as bedrooms for the inhabitants during the hot summers. Several types of fruit, including the apricot, are native to this area.

The city is also famous for its cuisine, including; the Adana kebab; şalgam, a salty fermented juice made from turnips; Sirdan a kind of home-made sausage stuffed with rice, and eaten with cummin; Paça, boiled sheep's feet; Bicibici (pronounced as bee-jee-bee-jee) made from diced semolina, rose water and sugar and served with crushed ice, consumed especially in summer time. But especially the Adana kebab, this you have to try.

Furthermore, the city has a number of famous desserts, such as Halka Tatli a round shaped dessert and Tas Kadayif a bow shaped dessert.

Shopping in Adana is enhanced the 'American bazaar' a street market selling new and second-hand goods that have seeped out of the Incirlik Air-base.

Sightseeing

Enlarge picture
Sabancı Mosque in Adana

Mosques

Museums

Hammams

Festivals

Education

Transportation

Airport

*Atlasjet Airlines: (Ercan, Istanbul)
*Fly Air: (Stuttgart)
*Kıbrıs Turkish Airlines: (Ercan)
*Onur Air: (Düsseldorf, Istanbul)
*Pegasus Airlines
*Sun Express: (Antalya, Erzurum, İzmir, Trabzon, Van)
*Turkish Airlines: (Ankara, Berlin-Schönefeld International Airport, Köln, Istanbul,Jeddah, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport)

Sports and Athletics

There is a race-track and also two well-known football teams:

Notable natives

  • Kasım Gülek - Statesman
  • Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ - actor and male supermodel
  • Mehmet Sabancı - businessman, member of the Sabancı family in 3rd generation
  • Murat Kekilli - rock singer
  • Mustafa Cihan - Mount Everest summiter
  • Mustafa İnan - physicist
  • Ozan Çolakoğlu - composer, songwriter, music producer
  • Ömer Sabancı - businessman, member of the Sabancı family in 3rd generation
  • Özdemir Sabancı - businessman, member of the Sabancı family in 2nd generation
  • Özgür Peştimalci - Rock music drummer
  • Serra Sabancı - businesswoman, member of the Sabancı family in 3rd generation
  • Suna Kan - classical music violinist
  • Suphi Baykam - Statesman
  • Şaziye İvegin - female basketball player
  • Şener Şen - actor
  • Tayyibe Gülek - economist and politician
  • Turgut Aykaç - Olympic medalist boxer
  • Yaşar Kemal - writer
  • Yılmaz Güney - actor and film director
  • Yılmaz Köksal - actor

Sister Cities

References

1. ^ GeoHive - Turkey - Administrative units
2. ^ European Regions of the Future (English). Foreign Direct Investment Magazine.
3. ^ Innvista - Horses from Egypt and Kue
4. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition (1911), sv. Adana; for the Adana massacre, sv. Turkey (vol. 27, p. 464c).
5. ^ Justin McCarthy, The Population of the Ottoman Armenians, page(65-85)
6. ^ Cilicia in the years 1918-1923
7. ^

Other Sources

External links

Turkey

This article is part of the series:
Politics of Turkey


..... Click the link for more information.
The Mediterranean Region (Turkish: Akdeniz Bölgesi) is one of the seven geographical regions of Turkey. It borders the Aegean Region to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Southeastern Anatolia Region to the east, and the
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkey

This article is part of the series:
Politics of Turkey


..... Click the link for more information.
Adana Province is a province with a surface area of 14.030 km², located in the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey. The provinces adjacent to it are Mersin to the west, Hatay to the southeast, Osmaniye to the east, Kahramanmaraş to the northeast, Kayseri to the north, and
..... Click the link for more information.
This is a list of cities in Turkey by population.

Included are cities that are provincial capitals or have a population of at least 20,000.

Cities over 100 thousand


..... Click the link for more information.
elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point, often the mean sea level. Elevation, or geometric height, is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height
..... Click the link for more information.
geographic coordinate system enables every location on the earth to be specified by the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system aligned with the spin axis of the Earth.
..... Click the link for more information.
geographic coordinate system enables every location on the earth to be specified by the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system aligned with the spin axis of the Earth.
..... Click the link for more information.
Postal codes in Turkey are usually found generally start with the two digit license plate code followed by three digits to specify the location within the province.

External Links

Application for finding codes
..... Click the link for more information.
Country Code: 90

0 is the long distance dialing prefix while the international dialing prefix is 00.

Calling a cell phone from out side of Turkey is the same except the three digit numbers are replaced with the ones of the companies.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkish car number plates are license plates found on Turkish vehicles.

Appearance

The license plate is rectangular in shape and made of aluminum. On the left, there is the country code "TR" in a 4x10cm blue bar like in EU countries.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turkish (Türkçe, ] (help info )
..... Click the link for more information.
Adana Province is a province with a surface area of 14.030 km², located in the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey. The provinces adjacent to it are Mersin to the west, Hatay to the southeast, Osmaniye to the east, Kahramanmaraş to the northeast, Kayseri to the north, and
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh
Peace at Home, Peace in the World
Anthem
İstiklâl Marşı
The Anthem of Independence
..... Click the link for more information.
20th century - 21st century
1970s  1980s  1990s  - 2000s -  2010s  2020s  2030s
1997 1998 1999 - 2000 - 2001 2002 2003

2000 by topic:
News by month
Jan - Feb - Mar - Apr - May - Jun
..... Click the link for more information.
This is a list of cities in Turkey by population.

Included are cities that are provincial capitals or have a population of at least 20,000.

Cities over 100 thousand


..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh
Peace at Home, Peace in the World
Anthem
İstiklâl Marşı
The Anthem of Independence
..... Click the link for more information.
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. The city has a population (as of 2005) of 4,319,167 (Province 5,153,000), and a mean elevation of 850 m (2800 ft). It was formerly known as Angora.
..... Click the link for more information.
Bursa (historically also known as Brusa, Greek: Προύσσα, Prusa) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat of Bursa Province.
..... Click the link for more information.
Turks (Turkish: Türkler), or the Turkish people (Türk Halkı), are a nation (Millet) defined more by a sense of sharing a common Turkish culture and having a Turkish mother tongue by citizenship, religion or by being subjects to any particular
..... Click the link for more information.
Kebab (also transliterated as kabab, kebap, kabob, kibob) refers to a variety of grilled/broiled meat dishes in Middle Eastern and South Asian cuisines. Kebabs usually consist of lamb and beef, though particular styles of kebab have chicken or fish.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant (Gossypium sp.), a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India, and Africa.
..... Click the link for more information.
C. sinensis

Binomial name
Citrus sinensis
(L.) Osbeck

The orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus tree Citrus sinensis (syn. Citrus aurantium L.
..... Click the link for more information.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as "investment made to acquire lasting interest in enterprises operating outside of the economy of the investor."[1] The FDI relationship, consists of a parent enterprise and a foreign affiliate which together form a
..... Click the link for more information.
Kocaeli is a province of Turkey. Its capital is İzmit, which is sometimes referred to as Kocaeli itself. The largest town in the province is now Gebze. The traffic code is 41.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cilicia (Greek: Κιλικία; Armenian: Կիլիկիա) was a commonly used name of the south coastal region of the Anatolian penninsula, now known as Çukurova, and a political entity in Roman times.
..... Click the link for more information.
Çukurova is the modern name for the ancient region of Cilicia (or to be more precise, of Cilicia Pedia, "the flat Cilicia") in southern Turkey. The region forms parts of the modern day provinces of Adana, Osmaniye and Mersin.
..... Click the link for more information.
Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları) are a mountain range in the southern Anatolian plateau, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Fırat) descends into Syria.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Cilician Gates (Turkish Gülek Boğazı 'Gülek Pass') form the main pass through the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey, connecting the low plains of Cilicia and the Mediterranean coast with the high central plateau of Anatolia.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hittites were an ancient people from Kaneš who spoke an Indo-European language, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite URUḪattuša) in north-central Anatolia from the 18th century BC.
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.