Antony Hewish

Information about Antony Hewish

Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. He was also awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1969.

His undergraduate degree at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge was interrupted by war service at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, and at the Telecommunications Research Establishment where he worked with Martin Ryle. Returning to Cambridge in 1946, Hewish completed his degree and immediately joined Ryle's research team at the Cavendish Laboratory, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1952. Hewish made both practical and theoretical advances in the observation and exploitation of the apparent scintillations of radio sources due to their radiation impinging upon plasma.

This led him to propose, and secure funding for, the construction of the Interplanetary Scintillation Array, a large array radio telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO), Cambridge in order to conduct a high time-resolution radio survey of interstellar scintillation. In the course of this project, one of his graduate students, Jocelyn Bell, first noticed the radio source which was ultimately recognised as the first pulsar.

The paper announcing the discovery had five authors, Hewish's name being listed first, Bell's second. The Nobel award to Ryle and Hewish without the inclusion of Bell as a co-recipient was controversial, and was roundly condemned by Hewish's fellow astronomer Fred Hoyle. Others however have noted that the prize was given to Ryle and Hewish for their work across the field of radio-astronomy as a whole, with particular mention of Ryle's work on aperture-synthesis, and Hewish's on pulsars.

Hewish was professor of radio astronomy at the Cavendish Laboratory from 1971 to 1989, and head of the MRAO from 1982 to 1988. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1968, and he and Martin Ryle were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974.

Hewish is a fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge.

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Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates
1901-1925
Rntgen (1901) • Lorentz / Zeeman (1902) • Becquerel / P.Curie / M.Curie (1903) • Rayleigh (1904) • Lenard (1905) • Thomson (1906) • Michelson (1907) • Lippmann (1908) • Marconi / Braun (1909) • van der Waals (1910) • Wien (1911) • Daln (1912) • Kamerlingh Onnes (1913) • von Laue (1914) • W.L.Bragg / W.H.Bragg (1915) • Barkla (1917) • Planck (1918) • Stark (1919) • Guillaume (1920) • Einstein (1921) • N.Bohr (1922) • Millikan (1923) • M.Siegbahn (1924) • Franck / Hertz (1925)
1926-1950
Perrin (1926) • Compton / Wilson (1927) • Richardson (1928) • De Broglie (1929) • Raman (1930) • Heisenberg (1932) • Schrdinger / Dirac (1933) • Chadwick (1935) • Hess / C.D.Anderson (1936) • Davisson / Thomson (1937) • Fermi (1938) • Lawrence (1939) • Stern (1943) • Rabi (1944) • Pauli (1945) • Bridgman (1946) • Appleton (1947) • Blackett (1948) • Yukawa (1949) • Powell (1950)
1951-1975
Cockcroft / Walton (1951) • Bloch / Purcell (1952) • Zernike (1953) • Born / Bothe (1954) • Lamb / Kusch (1955) • Shockley / Bardeen / Brattain (1956) • Yang / T.D.Lee (1957) • Čerenkov / Frank / Tamm (1958) • Segr / Chamberlain (1959) • Glaser (1960) • Hofstadter / Mssbauer (1961) • Landau (1962) • Wigner / Goeppert‑Mayer / Jensen (1963) • Townes / Basov / Prokhorov (1964) • Tomonaga / Schwinger / Feynman (1965) • Kastler (1966) • Bethe (1967) • Alvarez (1968) • Gell‑Mann (1969) • Alfvn / Nel (1970) • Gabor (1971) • Bardeen / Cooper / Schrieffer (1972) • Esaki / Giaever / Josephson (1973) • Ryle / Hewish (1974) • A.Bohr / Mottelson / Rainwater (1975)
1976-2000
Richter / Ting (1976) • P.W.Anderson / Mott / van Vleck (1977) • Kapitsa / Penzias / Wilson (1978) • Glashow / Salam / Weinberg (1979) • Cronin / Fitch (1980) • Bloembergen / Schawlow / K.Siegbahn (1981) • Wilson (1982) • Chandrasekhar / Fowler (1983) • Rubbia / van der Meer (1984) • von Klitzing (1985) • Ruska / Binnig / Rohrer (1986) • Bednorz / Mller (1987) • Lederman / Schwartz / Steinberger (1988) • Ramsey / Dehmelt / Paul (1989) • Friedman / Kendall / R.E.Taylor (1990) • de Gennes (1991) • Charpak (1992) • Hulse / J.H.Taylor (1993) • Brockhouse / Shull (1994) • Perl / Reines (1995) • D.Lee / Osheroff / Richardson (1996) • Chu / Cohen-Tannoudji / Phillips (1997) • Laughlin / Strmer / Tsui (1998) • 't Hooft / Veltman (1999) • Alferov / Kroemer / Kilby (2000)
2001-2025
Cornell / Ketterle / Wieman (2001) • Davis / Koshiba / Giacconi (2002) • Abrikosov / Ginzburg / Leggett (2003) • Gross / Politzer / Wilczek (2004) • Glauber / Hall / Hnsch (2005) • Mather / Smoot (2006)
Fowey
Cornish - Fowydh

Fowey ()
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Motto: Onen hag oll
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Geography
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Region South West England
Area
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May 11 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events

  • 330 - Byzantium is renamed Nova Roma

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20th century - 21st century
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Year 1924 (MCMXXIV
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2]   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio astronomy techniques are similar to optical techniques but radio telescopes have to be much larger due to the longer wavelengths being
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Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the six Nobel Prizes. The first prize was awarded in 1901.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
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1971 1972 1973 - 1974 - 1975 1976 1977

Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV
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Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources.
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Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same angular resolution as an instrument the size of the entire collection.
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Pulsars are highly magnetized rotating neutron stars which emit a beam of detectable electromagnetic radiation in the form of radio waves. Their periods range from 1.5 ms to 8.5 s[1].
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The Eddington Medal, named after Sir Arthur Eddington, is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society nominally once every two years for investigations of outstanding merit in theoretical astrophysics.

Recipients

  • 1953 Georges Lemaître
  • 1955 http://adsabs.harvard.

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Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals).
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Gonville and Caius College

       
College name Gonville and Caius College
Founders Edmund Gonville (1348)
John Caius (1557)
Established 1348, refounded 1557
Previously named Gonville Hall (1348-1351)
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The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) England, was a British research establishment latterly under the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD)

The first site was at Farnborough Airfield ("RAE Farnbrough") in Hampshire to which was added a second site RAE Bedford.
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The Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) was established in Worth Matravers, which is four miles to the west of Swanage, UK, in May 1940, as the central research group for RAF applications of radar.
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Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources.
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University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the world's most prestigious universities.
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The Cavendish Astrophysics Group (formerly the Radio Astronomy Group) is based at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. The group operates all of the telescopes at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory except for the 32m MERLIN telescope, which is operated by
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Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences. It was opened in 1874 as a teaching laboratory and was initially located on the New Museums Site, Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge.
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Scintillation can refer to:
  • Scintillation (astronomy), atmospheric effects which influence astronomical observations
  • Scintillation (physics), a flash of light produced in certain materials when they absorb ionizing radiation

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plasma is typically an ionized gas. Plasma is considered to be a distinct state of matter, apart from gases, because of its unique properties. "Ionized" refers to presence of one or more free electrons, which are not bound to an atom or molecule.
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The Interplanetary Scintillation Array (IPS Array or Pulsar Array) was built at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1967 and originally covered four acres (16,000 m²). It was extended in 1978 to nine, and re-furbished in 1989. It operates at 81.5 MHz (3.
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Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) is home to a number of large aperture synthesis radio telescopes, including the One-Mile Telescope, 5-km Ryle Telescope, and the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager.
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Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. It lies approximately 50 miles (80 km) north-northeast of London and is surrounded by a number of smaller towns and villages.
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Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, DBE, FRS FRAS, Ph.D (born as Susan Jocelyn Bell, 15 July 1943) is an astrophysicist, who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars with her thesis advisor Antony Hewish, for which he won a Nobel Prize.
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Pulsars are highly magnetized rotating neutron stars which emit a beam of detectable electromagnetic radiation in the form of radio waves. Their periods range from 1.5 ms to 8.5 s[1].
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Sir Frederick Hoyle, FRS, (born June 24, 1915 in Gilstead, Bingley, near Bradford, Yorkshire, England – died August 20, 2001 in Bournemouth, England)[1] was a British astronomer.
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Pulsars are highly magnetized rotating neutron stars which emit a beam of detectable electromagnetic radiation in the form of radio waves. Their periods range from 1.5 ms to 8.5 s[1].
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Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences. It was opened in 1874 as a teaching laboratory and was initially located on the New Museums Site, Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge.
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