Arabia (satrapy)

Information about Arabia (satrapy)

Arabia was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire and later of the Sassanid Empire, by the name of Arabistan.

Achaemenid Era

Achaemenid Arabia corresponded to the lands between Egypt and Mesopotamia, known as Arabia Petraea. According to Herodotus, the Cambyses did not subdue the Arabs when he attacked Egypt in 525 BCE. His successor Darius the Great does not mention the Arabs in the Behistun inscription from the first years of his reign, but mentions them in later texts. This suggests that Darius conquered this part of Arabia.[1]

Interestingly, Arabs were not considered as subjects to the Achaemenids, as other peoples were, and were exempt from taxation. Instaed, they simply provided 1000 talents of frankincense a year. They also helped the Achaemenids invade Egypt by providing water skins to the troops crossing the desert.[2]

Sassanid Era

Sassanid Arabistan reached across upper Mesopotamia toward the Khabur and north to the lower districts of Armenia. The area was a constant area of contention between Rome (and later the Byzantines) and the Sassanids, who fought over Mesopotamia.[3]

See also

References

1. ^ Arabia
2. ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica
3. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3(2): The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Periods, ed. Ehsan Yarshater (NY: Cambridge UP, 1983), 761-762.

Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire (Behistun and Daiva inscriptions)
Persia | Elam | Babylonia | Media | Sacae | Yauna | Macedon | Pamphylia | Paphlagonia | Cappadocia | Caria | Lydia | Thrace | Armenia | Cilicia | Taxila | Egypt | Gandara | Sattagydia | Gedrosia | Carmania | Maka | Drangiana | Arachosia | Bactria | Parthia | Aria | Chorasmia | Sogdia | Kush | Arabia | Hyrcania | Margu | Dahae | Libya | Eber-Nari
By district (Herodotus)
District I | District II | District III | District IV | District V | District VI | District VII | District VIII | District IX | District X | District XI | District XII | District XIII | District XIV | District XV | District XVI | District XVII | District XVIII | District XIX | District XX
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Provinces of the Sassanid Empire
Abarshahr | Adiabene | Albania | Arabistan | Aria | Armenia | Asuristan | Atropatene | Balasagan | Carmania | Hyrcania | Iberia | India | Kushanshahr | Machelonia | Maishan | Margiana | Mazun | Media | Mokran | Paratan | Parthia | Patishkhwagar | Persis | Sakastan | Susiana | Turan
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See also the related deity Satrapes.
Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Median and Persian empires, including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: ساسانیان [sɒsɒnijɒn
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Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah
Arab Republic of Egypt


Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Bilady, Bilady, Bilady
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Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is commonly regarded as the world's earliest civilization.
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Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Saudi
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Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς Hērodotos Halikarnāsseus
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Cambyses II (Old Persian: ������������[1] Kabūjia[2], d. 522 BC) was the son of Cyrus the Great.
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Darius I of Persia, the Great
Great King (Shah) of Persia, Pharaoh of Egypt

Reign 522 BC to 485/486 BC
Born 549 BC
Died 485 BC or 486 BC
Predecessor Smerdis
Successor Xerxes I

Darius the Great (c.
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State Party  Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iii
Reference 1222
Region Asia-Pacific

Inscription History
Inscription 2006  (30th Session)
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The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. This article however is about the latter.
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Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.
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Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is commonly regarded as the world's earliest civilization.
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Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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Sakas were the Scythians who lived in the eastern part of Central Asia. They are considered to be of north-eastern Iranian people by modern scholars.[1][2][3]
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Yauna (The old Persian name for the Greeks, derived from Iones, the name of the Greeks living along the coasts of Asia Minor) or Ionia, was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. The first mention of the Yauna is at the Behistun inscription.
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Macedonia was briefly a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire. It was added to the empire when general Mardonius conquered the territory in 492 BCE. It became an important base for further European conquest and also contained gold mines.
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Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (modern day Antalya province, Side,Turkey).
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Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus.
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Cappadocia (from Old Persian Katpatuka) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire used by the Achaemenids to administer the regions beyond the Taurus Mountains and the Euphrates river.
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Caria (Greek: Καρία) was a region of Anatolia situated south of Ionia and west of Phrygia and Lycia. The eponymous inhabitants were known as Carians, and came to Caria before the Greeks.
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Lydia (known as Sparda by the Achaemenids) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, with Sardis as its capitol. Tabalus, appointed by Cyrus the Great was the first satrap (governor), however, his rule did not last long as the Lydians revolted.
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Thrace was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. It was conquered by general Mardonius, under the reign of Darius the Great. Herodotus places the Thracians, along with the Hellespontines and Mariandynians, in district III/b of the Achaemenid Empire.
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Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history. The size of Persian Armenia varied over time.

Armenians and the Achaemenid Empire

After the fall of the Median empire In 550 B.C.
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Cilicia (modern Turkish name is Çukurova) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, with its capitol at Tarsus. It was conquered sometime in the 540's by Cyrus the Great. Cilicia was a vassal, and although it had a vassal king had to pay a tribute of 360 horses and 500 talents of
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Taxila was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. It was added to the during the reign of Darius the Great. The occupation did not last long, and there are no archaeological traces of western armies in the Punjab, although a claim that the Persians built something in the area was made
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