author citation (botany)
Information about author citation (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, author citation refers to citing the person (or group of people) who validly published a botanical name, i.e. who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).[1]
In using botanical names, depending upon context it may not be necessary to include author citation. The ICBN states, "In publications, particularly those dealing with taxonomy and nomenclature, it may be desirable, even when no bibliographic reference to the protologue is made, to cite the author(s) of the name concerned" (Art. 46.1). In non-taxonomic works an author citation will not add information. There are several rules regarding author citation which are to be followed. In other matters more leeway is allowed so that in practice various styles are used.
Unlike the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the ICBN does not use group-level names (see author citation (zoology). This means that every name has its own distinct authorship (see rank). For example, the species commonly known as the Damask rose can be assigned to the following taxa (depending on the classification system used), with each botanical name followed by its author citation:
This is not full citation, which would include more detail on date and place of publication:
Normal usage
When citing a botanical name including its author, the author's name is often abbreviated. To encourage consistency the ICBN now recommends (Recommendation 46A, Note 1) the use of Brummitt & Powell's Authors of plant names (1992), where each author of a botanical name has been assigned a unique abbreviation. [2][3] These standard abbreviations can be found at the IPNI, Author Query page. For example in:- Lens Mill. the abbreviation "Mill." refers to Philip Miller.
- Lens culinaris Medik. the abbreviation "Medik." refers to the botanist with the birth name Friedrich Kasimir Medikus.
Multiple parts
In many cases the author citation will consist of two parts, the first in parentheses, e.g., Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Mill. This form of author citation indicates that the epithet was originally published in another genus (in this case as Cistus aegyptiacus L.), or at another rank. The parenthetical author is the author of the original name (the basionym), and the author after the parentheses is the author of the combination, i.e., the author who associated that epithet with another genus to form a new name. [4]In using botanical names, depending upon context it may not be necessary to include author citation. The ICBN states, "In publications, particularly those dealing with taxonomy and nomenclature, it may be desirable, even when no bibliographic reference to the protologue is made, to cite the author(s) of the name concerned" (Art. 46.1). In non-taxonomic works an author citation will not add information. There are several rules regarding author citation which are to be followed. In other matters more leeway is allowed so that in practice various styles are used.
Unlike the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the ICBN does not use group-level names (see author citation (zoology). This means that every name has its own distinct authorship (see rank). For example, the species commonly known as the Damask rose can be assigned to the following taxa (depending on the classification system used), with each botanical name followed by its author citation:
- division Magnoliophyta Cronquist & al.
- subdivision Magnoliophytina Frohne & U.Jensen ex Reveal
- class Magnoliopsida Brongn.
- subclass Rosidae Takht.
- superorder Rosanae Takht.
- order Rosales Perleb
- suborder Rosineae Rchb.
- family Rosaceae Adans.
- subfamily Rosoideae Arn.
- tribe Roseae Lam. & DC.
- subtribe Rosinae J. Presl.
- genus Rosa L.
- species Rosa damascena Mill.
This is not full citation, which would include more detail on date and place of publication:
- Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl., Syn. Conif. 198 (1847) the abbreviation D.Don indicates that David Don originally published the name in a genus other than Sequoia (in this case as Taxodium sempervirens D.Don); subsequently, the combination into Sequoia was published by Endlicher, on page 198 of Endlicher's Synopsis Coniferarum, published in 1847. Full citation will usually be found primarily in taxonomic works.
Abbreviations
A few abbreviation are often used in botanical author citations, and are always optional:- ex signals that the first author described or named the plant without giving it a fully valid publication, which the second author did, leaving the first name as an hommage. [5]
References
1. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
2. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
3. ^ Brummitt, RK; CE Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanical Gardens.
4. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
5. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
2. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
3. ^ Brummitt, RK; CE Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanical Gardens.
4. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
5. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Electronic version. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2000). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
Botanical nomenclature is the formal naming of plants, from a scientific point of view. It has a long history, going back perhaps to Theophrastos, but anyway back to the period when Latin was the scientific language throughout Europe.
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botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). The purpose of formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group.
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The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants.
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Philip Miller (1691 - December 18, 1771) was a botanist of Scottish descent.
Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden from 1721 until shortly before his death.
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Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden from 1721 until shortly before his death.
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The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a set of rules in zoology that have one fundamental aim: to provide the maximum universality and continuity in the naming of all animals according to taxonomic judgment.
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In zoological nomenclature, author citation refers to the person (or team) who first makes a scientific name of a taxon available. This is done in a scientific publication while fulfilling the formal requirements.
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In botanical nomenclature, a taxon is usually assigned to a rank in a hierarchy. The basic rank is that of species, and if an organism is named it most often will receive a species name.
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R. × damascena
Binomial name
Rosa × damascena
Mill.
Rosa × damascena, more commonly known as the Damask rose or simply as "Damask" is a rose hybrid, derived from
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Binomial name
Rosa × damascena
Mill.
Rosa × damascena, more commonly known as the Damask rose or simply as "Damask" is a rose hybrid, derived from
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Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart (January 14, 1801 - February 18, 1876) was a French botanist. He was the son of the geologist Alexandre Brongniart and grandson of the architect, Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart.
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Philip Miller (1691 - December 18, 1771) was a botanist of Scottish descent.
Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden from 1721 until shortly before his death.
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Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden from 1721 until shortly before his death.
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David Don (21 December 1799 - 15 December 1841) was an English botanist, Professor of Botany at King's College London from 1836–1841, and librarian at the Linnean Society of London from 1822–1841.
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Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (24 June 1804 - 28 March 1849) was an Austrian botanist, numismatist and Sinologist. he became the director of the Botanical Garden of Vienna.
He studied theology and was given the minor orders.
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He studied theology and was given the minor orders.
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In botanical nomenclature, a valid name is a name that meets the requirements in the ICBN for valid publication. Valid publication of a name represents the minimum requirements for a botanical name to exist: therefore a botanical name inescapably is always valid.
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Homage (from the French: Hommage) is generally used in modern English to mean any public show of respect to someone to whom one feels indebted. In this sense, a reference within a creative work to someone who greatly influenced the artist would be a homage.
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