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Basilica Di San Miniato Al Monte

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San Miniato al Monte and the Bishop's Palace.
The Basilica di San Miniato al Monte (Basilica of St Minias on the Mountain) stands atop one of the highest points in Florence, and has been described as the finest Romanesque structure in Tuscany and one of the most beautiful churches in Italy.

St. Miniato or Minas (Armenian: Մինաս) was an Armenian prince serving in the Roman army under Emperor Decius.[1] He was denounced as a Christian after becoming a hermit and was brought before the Emperor who was camped outside the gates of Florence. The Emperor ordered him to be thrown to beasts in the Amphitheatre where a panther was called upon him but refused to devour him. Beheaded in the presence of the Emperor, he is alleged to have picked up his head, crossed the Arno and walked up the hill of Mons Fiorentinus to his hermitage.[2] A shrine was later erected at this spot and there was a chapel there by the 8th century. Construction of the present church was begun in 1013 by Bishop Alibrando and it was endowed by the Emperor Henry II. It began as a Benedictine monastery, then passed to the Cluniacs and then in 1373 to the Olivetans, who still run it. The monks make famous liquors, honey and tisanes, which they sell from a shop next to the church.

The geometrically patterned marble façade was probably begun in about 1090, although the upper parts date from the 12th century or later, financed by the Arte di Calimala (cloth merchants’ guild), who were responsible for the church’s upkeep from 1288 (the eagle which crowns the façade was their symbol). The mosaic of Christ between the Virgin and St Minias was made in 1260. The campanile collapsed in 1499 and was replaced in 1523, although it was never finished. During the siege of Florence in 1530 it was used as an artillery post by the defenders and Michelangelo had it wrapped in mattresses to protect it from enemy fire.

The interior is extremely unusual, with the choir raised on a platform above the large crypt, and has changed little since it was first built. The patterned pavement dates from 1207. The centre of the nave is dominated by the beautiful freestanding Cappella del Crocefisso (Chapel of the Crucifix), designed by Michelozzo in 1448. It originally housed the miraculous crucifix now in Santa Trìnita and is decorated with panels long thought to be painted by Agnolo Gaddi. The terracotta decoration of the vault is by Luca della Robbia.
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San Miniato al Monte, interior.
The crypt is the oldest part of the church and the high altar supposedly contains the bones of St Minias himself (although there is evidence that these were removed to Metz before the church was even built). In the vaults are frescoes by Taddeo Gaddi.

The raised choir and presbytery contain a magnificent Romanesque pulpit and screen made in 1207. The apse is dominated by a great mosaic dating from 1297, which is on the same subject as that on the façade and is probably by the same unknown artist. The crucifix above the high altar is attributed to Luca della Robbia. The sacristy is decorated with a great fresco cycle on the Life of St Benedict by Spinello Aretino (1387).

The Cappella del Cardinale del Portogallo to the left of the nave was built in 1473 as a memorial to Cardinal James of Lusitania, who died in Florence, to which he was Portuguese ambassador, in 1459. His is the only tomb in the church. The chapel was designed by Antonio Manetti and finished after his death by Giovanni Rossellino. The tomb was made by Antonio and Bernardo Rossellino. The chapel decoration is by Alesso Baldovinetti, Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo, and Luca della Robbia.

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The Cemetery from the Basilica di San Miniato al Monte by Hans von Bartels.
Adjacent to the church is the fine cloister, begun in around 1425, and the fortified bishop’s palace, built in 1295 and later used as a barracks and a hospital. The whole complex is surrounded by defensive walls, originally built hastily by Michelangelo during the siege and in 1553 expanded into a true fortress (fortezza) by Cosimo I. The walls now enclose a large cemetery, the Porte Sante, laid out in 1854. Carlo Collodi, creator of Pinocchio, politician Giovanni Spadolini, painter Pietro Annigoni, poet and author Luigi Ugolini, film producer Mario Cecchi Gori, sculptor Libero Andreotti, writer Giovanni Papini, and physicist Bruno Benedetto Rossi are buried there.

Notes

1. ^ Cuthbert Hare, Augustus John (2002). Florence. Adamant Media Corporation, p. 204. ISBN 1402159331. 
2. ^ Brucker, Gene (1998). Florence: The Golden Age, 1138-1737. University of California Press, p. 194. ISBN 0520215222. 

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Country Italy
Region Tuscany
Province Florence (FI)
Mayor Leonardo Domenici (Democrats of the Left)

Area km
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Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Europe which emerged in the late 10th century and evolved into the Gothic style during the 12th century. The Romanesque style in England is more traditionally referred to as Norman architecture.
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Regione Toscana


Map highlighting the location of Toscana in Italy

Capital Florence
President Claudio Martini
(DS-Union)
Provinces 10
Comuni 287
Area 22,990 km
 - Ranked 5th (7.6 %)
Population (2006 est.
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Anthem
Il Canto degli Italiani
(also known as Fratelli d'Italia)


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 Armenian}}} 
Writing system: Armenian alphabet 
Official status
Official language of: Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh
Regulated by: National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
Language codes
ISO 639-1: hy
ISO 639-2: arm (B)
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8 to 10 million[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Armenia
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Decius
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Coin featuring Trajan Decius.
Reign 249 - 251 (alone);
251 (with Herennius Etruscus)
Full name Gaius Messius Quintus
Traianus Decius
Born ca.
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Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capitis, meaning head), or beheading, is the removal of a living organism's head. Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e.g.
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Arno may refer to:the

People

  • Arno Breker, a German sculptor
  • Arno Hintjens, a Belgian singer
  • Arno of Salzburg, an 8th-century bishop
  • Madame Arno, a Parisian artist and fighter
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The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era.

Overview

During this century the Middle East, the coast of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula comes rapidly under Islamic Arab domination.
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Henry II (German : Heinrich II., Italian : Henricus II, Latin : Enrico II del Sacro Romano Impero) (6 May 973[1] – 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint
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Benedictine (adj.) refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the autonomous communities of monks founded by him in central Italy.
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The Cluniac (Clunian) Reform was a series of changes within medieval monasticism, focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art and caring for the poor. It is named after the Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy, where it started within the Benedictine order.
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The Olivetans, or the Order of Our Lady of Mount Olivet, are a monastic order formally recognised in 1344. They have formed the Olivetan Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation since 1960.
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distilled beverage is a consumable liquid containing ethyl alcohol (ethanol) purified by distillation from a fermented substance such as fruit, vegetables, or grain. The word spirits
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Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honey bees (and some other species of bee), and derived from the nectar of flowers. According to the United States National Honey Board and various international food regulations, "honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow
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An herbal tea, ptisan or ptisan" is any herbal infusion other than from the leaves of the tea bush (Camellia sinensis). The English word "tisane" originated from the Greek word πτισάνη (ptisanē), a drink made
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Marble is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone, composed mostly of calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). It is extensively used for sculpture, as a building material, and in many other applications.
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MOSAIC may refer to:
  • MOSAIC Research Group
  • MOSAIC Threat Assessment Systems
  • MOSAIC (housing cooperative)
  • Maui Optical System and Integration Center
This article is about a decorative art.

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A campanile – pronounced /kæmpəˈni:leɪ/ – is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell tower, often adjacent to a church or cathedral.
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A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. The term derives from the Latin word for "seat" or "sitting.
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Historically, artillery (from French artillerie) refers to any engine used for the discharge of large projectiles in war. The term also describes soldiers with the primary function of manning such weapons and is used organizationally for the arm of a nation's land
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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni

Chalk portrait of Michelangelo by Daniele da Volterra
Birth name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
March 6 1475(1475--)
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A choir, chorale, or chorus is a musical ensemble of singers.

A body of singers who perform together is called a choir or chorus. The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the quire) and the
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crypt (from the Latin crypta and the Greek kryptē) is a stone chamber or vault, usually beneath the floor of a church or castle, usually used as a chapel or burial vault possibly containing sarcophagi, coffins or relics of important persons such as saints or
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nave is the central approach to the high altar. "Nave" ( Medieval Latin navis, "ship,") was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting. The nave of a church, whether Romanesque, Gothic or Classical, extends from the entry — which may have a separate
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Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi (1391 - 1472?) was an Italian architect and sculptor.

Biography

Born in Florence, the son of a tailor, he was a pupil of Donatello in his early years.

He worked in marble, bronze and silver. The statue of the young St.
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crucifix (from Latin cruciare meaning "to torture") is a cross with a representation of Jesus' body, or corpus. It is a principal symbol of the Christian religion.
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The church of Santa Trinita ("Holy Trinity") is a church in central Florence, Italy. It is the mother church of the Vallumbrosan Order of monks founded in 1092 by a Florentine nobleman. Nearby is the famous Ponte Santa Trinita over the river Arno.
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