Type	Daily newspaper, except Sundays and public holidays
Format	Tabloid ("nordisch" size)
Owner	Axel Springer AG
Editor	Kai Diekmann
Founded	1952
Political allegiance	Centre-Right, Populist
Headquarters	Zeitungsgruppe BILD, Axel-Springer-Platz 1, D-20350 Hamburg
Website: www.bild.t-online.de

The Bild (formerly Bild-Zeitung, lit. Picture Newspaper) is a German daily tabloid (in style, although actually broadsheet in size) newspaper published by Axel Springer AG. It is the best-selling newspaper in Europe and has the third-largest circulation worldwide. Its motto, prominently displayed below the logo, is unabhängig, überparteilich (independent, trans-partisan).

History

Bild was founded by Axel Springer in 1952 and quickly became the best-selling newspaper, by a wide margin, not only in Germany, but in all of Europe. Bild is based in Hamburg. It is printed nation-wide, with 32 regional or city editions increasing its circulation. In the favoured German holiday destinations of Mallorca, the Canary Islands, Istanbul and in Verona special foreign editions are printed.

Although it is still Germany's biggest paper, the circulation of Bild, along with many other papers, has been on the decline in recent years. After selling more than five million copies every day in the 1980s, circulation dropped below the four million mark in 2002 for the first time in almost 30 years. By the end of 2005 the figure has dropped to 3.8 million copies [1]. Even so, Bild still remains the best-selling newspaper in Europe and has the third-largest circulation worldwide.

Bild was modeled after the British tabloid Daily Mirror; although its paper size is bigger, this is reflected in its mix of celebrity gossip, crime stories and political analysis. However, its articles are often considerably shorter compared to those in British tabloids, and the whole paper is thinner as well. Bild has been known to use controversial devices like sensational headlines and invented "news", to increase its readership. The policy of having a topless woman on its front page every day has also been criticised by feminist groups.

From the outset, the editorial drift was unabashedly conservative. The GDR was described as a "zone" occupied by the Soviet Union until well into the 1980s, when Bild started to use the name cautiously, while still putting it in quotation marks. Bild heavily influenced public opinion against the German student movement of the years following 1967, after the assassination attempt on activist Rudi Dutschke. A common phrase in parts of society sympathetic to the students was "Bild hat mitgeschossen!" (Bild shot too). At the height of left-wing terrorism around 1977, Bild took a strong stance that could be said to have contributed to the climate of fear and suspicion.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War in Europe, Bild's stance seems to have drifted more towards centrism. Despite its general support for Germany's conservative party CDU and especially former chancellor Helmut Kohl, its rhetoric, still populist in tone, is less fierce than it was thirty years ago. Its traditionally less conservative Sunday paper Bild am Sonntag even supported Gerhard Schröder in his bid to become chancellor in 1998.

Editors-in-Chief

• 1952: Rolf von Bargen
• 1952–1958: Rudolf Michael
• 1958–1960: Oskar Bezold
• 1960–1962: Karl-Heinz Hagen
• 1961–1971: Peter Boenisch
• 1971–1980: Günter Prinz
• 1981–1988: Horst Fust
• 1988–1989: Werner Rudi
• 1989–1990: Peter Bartels
• 1990–1992: Hans-Hermann Tiedje
• 1992–1997: Claus Larass
• 1998–2000: Udo Röbel
• since 2001: Kai Diekmann

Criticism

Bild's high circulation is probably caused by a launch for sensationalism, resulting even in terrorizing celebrities (such as German-British TV presenter Charlotte Roche) and stories frequently based on the most dubious evidence, comparable to British tabloids like Sun. The journalistic standards of Bild, or the lack thereof, are the subject to frequent criticism by German intellectuals and media observers.

• BILDblog (http://www.bildblog.de), a German weblog dedicated solely to documenting errors and fabrications in Bild articles, is among Germany's most popular blogs. In 2005, BILDblog received the Grimme Online Award for its work.
• Heinrich Böll's 1974 novel The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum, and the 1975 movie based on it, used a fictional stand-in for the Bild to make a point about its allegedly unethical journalistic practices. Böll's public words on the Bild's coverage of the Baader-Meinhof Gang activities in the early 1970s were: [what Bild does] isn’t cryptofascist anymore, not fascistoid, but naked fascism, agitation, lies and dirt.
• In 1977 investigative journalist Günther Wallraff worked for four months as an editor for BILD newspaper in Hanover, giving himself the alias of "Hans Esser". In his books Der Aufmacher (Lead Story) and Zeugen der Anklage (Witnesses for the Prosecution) he portrays his experiences on the editorial staff of the paper and the journalism which he encountered there. The staff commonly displayed contempt for humanity, a lack of respect for the privacy of ordinary people and widespread conduct of unethical research and editing techniques.
• In 2004 Bild was publicly reprimanded 12 times by the Deutscher Presserat (German Press Council). This amounts for a third of the reprimands this self-regulation council of the German press declared that year.

Trivia

• On the day of the election of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI, Bild ran with the now-famous headline "Wir sind Papst" (We are Pope).
• In 2004 Bild started to cooperate with fast-food giant McDonald's to sell the newspaper at its 1000 fast food restaurants in Germany. In 2007, the cooperation still goes on, often enough by advertising the restaurant chain in 'news' articles.
• Pretty girls in skimpy clothes - called Page Three girls in the United Kingdom - appear on Bild's page one below the fold as "Seite-eins-Mädchen" (Page One Girls).

External links

• www.bild.de, the paper's website
• BILDblog, a Bild watchblog

See also

• List of German newspapers
• List of newspapers (by country)
• The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum
• Günter Wallraff, a German journalist at times attacked by Bild