Brodmann area 8

Information about Brodmann area 8

Brain:
Image of brain with Brodmann area 8 shown in red
Lateral surface of the brain with Brodmann's areas numbered. (8 is labeled in upper left.)
NeuroNamesancil-45
Brodmann area 8 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in planning complex movements.

Human

Brodmann area 8, or BA8, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the premotor cortex (BA6), it includes the frontal eye fields (so-named because they are believed to play an important role in the control of eye movements). Damage to this area, by stroke, trauma or infection, causes tonic deviation of the eyes towards the side of the injury. This finding occurs during the first few hours of an acute event such as cerebrovascular infract (stroke) or hemorrhage (bleeding).

Guenon

The term Brodmann area 8 refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Located rostral to the arcuate sulcus, it was not considered by Brodmann-1909 to be topographically homologous to the intermediate frontal area 8 of the human. [1]

Distinctive features

Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): compared to Brodmann area 6-1909, area 8 has a diffuse but clearly present internal granular layer (IV); sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) has densely distributed medium sized pyramidal cells; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has larger ganglion cells densely distributed with some granule cells interspersed; the external granular layer (II) is denser and broader; cell layers are more distinct; the abundance of cells is somewhat greater.

Functions

The area is involved in the management of uncertainty. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study demonstrated that that brodmann area 8 activation occurs when test subjects experience uncertainty, and that with increasing uncertainty there is increasing activation.[2]

An alternative interpretation is that this activation in frontal cortex encodes hope, a higher-order expectation positively correlated with uncertainty.[3]

References

1. ^ NeuroNames ancil-1045
2. ^ Volz KG, Schubotz RI, von Cramon DY (2005). "Variants of uncertainty in decision-making and their neural correlates". Brain Res. Bull. 67 (5): 403-12. DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.011. PMID 16216687. 
3. ^ Chew and Ho, Hope: An Empirical Study of Attitude toward the Timing of Uncertainty Resolution, J Risk and Uncertainty 8(3):267-288. 1994

See also

NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque brain.

It is maintained by the University of Washington and is a part of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain.
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'''Brodmann may refer to:
  • Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist
  • Brodmann area, a region in the brain cortex

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Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Greek kytos, "container") is an academic discipline that studies cells. This includes their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with
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The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of mammals. Located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere, frontal lobes are positioned in front of (anterior to) the parietal lobes. The temporal lobes are located beneath and behind the frontal lobes.
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The human brain controls the central nervous system (CNS), by way of the cranial nerves and spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and regulates virtually all human activity.
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Human

Brodmann area 6, or BA6, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex (BA4), it is composed of the premotor cortex and medially the supplementary motor area, or SMA.
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The frontal eye fields (FEF) is a region located in the dorsolateral frontal cortex of the primate brain reported to be activated during the initiation of eye movements, such as voluntary saccades and pursuit eye movements.
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Cytoarchitecture is the cellular composition of a bodily structure.

In biology, it refers to the arrangement of cells in a tissue, and in neuroscience it refers specifically to the arrangement of neuron somas (cell bodies) in the cerebral cortex.
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Cercopithecus
Linnaeus, 1758

Type species
Simia diana
Linnaeus, 1758

Species

See text.

The guenons are the genus Cercopithecus of Old World monkeys.
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In evolutionary biology, homology is any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry. There are examples in different branches of biology. Anatomical structures that perform the same function in different biological species and evolved from the same structure
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Human

Brodmann area 6, or BA6, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex (BA4), it is composed of the premotor cortex and medially the supplementary motor area, or SMA.
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The cerebellum (Latin: "little brain") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output. Many neural pathways link the cerebellum with the motor cortex—which sends information to the muscles causing them
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Location Cortex esp. Layers III and V
Function excitatory projection neuron
Neurotransmitter Glutamate
Morphology Multipolar Pyramidal
Presynaptic connections Superficial cortical layers
Postsynaptic connections Varies (see text)
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Location Varies by type
Function Varies but often excitatory projection

Morphology Varies

A ganglion cell (more correctly, a retinal ganglion cell) is a type of neuron typically located near the inner surface of the retina of the eye that
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granule cells refer to tiny neurons (a type of cell) that are around 10 micrometres in diameter. Granule cells are found within the granular layer of the cerebellum, layer 4 of cerebral cortex, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and in the olfactory bulb.
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NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque brain.

It is maintained by the University of Washington and is a part of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain.
..... Click the link for more information.
digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and
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Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined in many different species based on its cytoarchitecture. Cytoarchitecture is the organization of the cortex as observed when a tissue is stained for nerve cells.
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Brain (neural tube)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Myelencephalon

  • medulla oblongata
  • medullary pyramids

Metencephalon

  • pons

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