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Buddhist
Perfections | | | | | | | | | Colored items are in both lists. |
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Śīla (
Sanskrit) or
sīla (Pāli) is usually rendered into English as "behavioral discipline", "morality", or ethics. It is often translated as "precept". It is an action that is an intentional effort. It is one of the
three practices (sīla - samadhi - paññā) and the second
pāramitā. It refers to moral purity of thought, word, and deed. The four conditions of
śīla are chastity, calmness, quiet, and extinguishment, i.e. no longer being susceptible to perturbation by the passions.
Sīla refers to overall (principles of) ethical behaviour. There are several levels of sila, which correspond to 'basic morality' (
five precepts), 'basic morality with asceticism' (
eight precepts), 'novice monkhood' (
ten precepts) and 'monkhood' (
Vinaya or
Patimokkha). Laypeople generally undertake to live by the
five precepts which are common to all Buddhist schools. If they wish, they can choose to undertake the
eight precepts, which have some additional precepts of basic asceticism.
Five Precepts
The
five precepts are not given in the form of commands such as "thou shalt not ...", but are training rules in order to live a better life in which one is happy, without worries, and can meditate well.
- To refrain from taking life.
- To refrain from taking that which is not freely given (stealing).
- To refrain from sexual misconduct (improper sexual behavior).
- To refrain from lying.
- To refrain from intoxicants which lead to loss of mindfulness.
Eight Precepts
In the
eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy.
The three additional rules of the eight precepts are:
- To refrain from eating at the wrong time (only eat from sunrise to noon).
- To refrain from dancing, using jewellery, going to shows, etc.
- To refrain from using a high, luxurious bed.
Ten Precepts
Novice-monks use the
ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics: people who have left the home-life and live in monasteries.
Patimokkha
Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks. It includes the
Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the
vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differ slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya.
Mahayana Precepts
In
Mahayana Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana
Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for
Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see
vegetarianism in Buddhism). These precepts are, however, not present in the strictest moral code of the
Theravadin Patimokkha, and are generally understood to have come in existence at least 500 years after the Buddha.
See also
External links
Buddhism is often described as a religion[1] and a collection of various philosophies, based initially on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as Gautama Buddha.
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The History of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today.
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3 (9).
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1st Buddhist council (c. 5th century BCE)
Main article: First Buddhist council
According to the scriptures of all Buddhist schools, the first Buddhist Council was held soon after the nirvana of the Buddha under the
..... Click the link for more information. Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a number of important Buddhist terms, short definitions, and the languages in which they appear.
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The Four Noble Truths (Pali: Cattāri ariyasaccāni, Sanskrit: Catvāri āryasatyāni, Chinese: Sìshèngdì, Thai: อริยสัจสี่, Ariyasaj Sii
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Noble Eightfold Path (Pāli: Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo; Sanskrit: Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ; Chinese: 八正道, Bāzhèngdào; Japanese: 八正道,
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Śīla (Sanskrit) or sīla (Pāli) is usually rendered into English as "behavioral discipline", "morality", or ethics. It is often translated as "precept". It is an action that is an intentional effort.
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Nirvāṇa ( Sanskrit:
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Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures, the Three Refuges, or the Triple Gem, are the three things that Buddhists give themselves to, and in return look toward for guidance, in the process known as taking refuge.
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Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a number of important Buddhist terms, short definitions, and the languages in which they appear.
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Dukkha (Sanskrit duhkha) or unsatisfactoriness, 'dis-ease' (also often translated "suffering," though this is somewhat misleading). Nothing found in the physical world or even the psychological realm can bring lasting deep satisfaction.
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The five skandhas (Sanskrit) or khandhas (Pāli) are the five "aggregates" which categorize or constitute all individual experience according to Buddhist phenomenology.
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Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the universe according to the canonical Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.
Introduction
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Rebirth in Buddhism is the doctrine that the consciousness of a person (as conventionally regarded), upon the death or dissolution of the aggregates (skandhas) which make up that person, becomes one of the contributing causes for the arising of a new group of skandhas which may
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For a general discussion of the concept, see Dharma.Dharma (Sanskrit: धर्म) or
Dhamma (Pāli: धम्म) in Buddhism has two primary meanings:
- the teachings of the Buddha which lead to enlightenment
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Karma (Sanskrit: कर्मन karman, Pāli: कमा Kamma) means "action" or "doing"; whatever one does, says, or thinks is a karma.
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- Pandita redirects here. For the butterfly genus, see Pandita (butterfly).
A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists.
Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools
..... Click the link for more information. Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent and the founder of Buddhism.[1] He is generally recognized by Buddhists as the supreme Buddha (Sammāsambuddha) of our age.
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buddha (help info ) (Sanskrit: Awakened) is any being who has become fully awakened (enlightened), and has experienced Nirvana.
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This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers.
Please [improve the article] or discuss this issue on the talk page. This article has been tagged since August 2007.
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The four stages of enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an Arahant which a person can attain in this life. The four stages are Sotapanna, Sakadagami, Anagami and Arahant.
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Buddhism
History of Buddhism
Timeline of Buddhism
Buddhist councils
Foundations
Four Noble Truths
Noble Eightfold Path
Buddhist Precepts
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Buddhist meditation encompasses a variety of meditation techniques that develop mindfulness, concentration, tranquility and insight. Core meditation techniques are preserved in ancient Buddhist texts and have proliferated and diversified through the millennia of teacher-student
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In English translations of Buddhist literature, householder denotes a variety of terms. Most broadly, it refers to any layperson, and most narrowly, to a wealthy and prestigious familial patriarch.
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Buddhist beliefs and practices vary according to region. There are distinctions between and within the Buddhism practised in various regions, including:
..... Click the link for more information. Theravada (Pāli: theravāda; Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद sthaviravāda; literally, "the Way of the Elders") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant
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East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Buddhism that developed in the East Asian region, most of which are part of the Mahayana (which means "The Greater Vehicle") transmission.
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