budesonide

Information about budesonide

Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma, non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. Additionally, it is used for inflammatory bowel disease. It is marketed by AstraZeneca as a nasal inhalation with the brand name Rhinocort (in Denmark, as Rhinosol), as an oral inhalation with the brand name Pulmicort, and as an enema and a modified-release capsule with the brand name Entocort. It is also sold in combination with formoterol (Oxis) in a single inhaler, with the brand name Symbicort.

Pharmacology

Budesonide has a high first pass metabolism. It has efficacy in the terminal ileum and the right colon. Budesonide in comparison with prednisolone has been associated with fewer bone density losses and unlike other corticosteroids has little influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which also limit the need of tapering before discontinuation. Overall, it has a lower incidence of systemic manifestations than similar medications.

Side Effects

Budesonide may cause:
  • nose irritation or burning
  • bleeding or sores in the nose
  • lightheadedness
  • upset stomach
  • cough
  • hoarseness
  • dry mouth
In addition the following should be reported:
  • Immediately if difficulty breathing or swelling of the face
  • white patches in the throat, mouth, or nose
  • irregular menstrual periods
  • severe acne

Recall

Pulmicort inhalers were recalled in 2002 because there was concern that they may not always have provided the full dosage.

External links

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Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents (A07)
Intestinal anti-infectivesAntibiotics (Neomycin, Nystatin, Natamycin, Streptomycin, Polymyxin B, Paromomycin, Amphotericin B, Kanamycin, Vancomycin, Colistin, Rifaximin) - Sulfonamides (Phthalylsulfathiazole, Sulfaguanidine, Succinylsulfathiazole) - other (Miconazole, Broxyquinoline, Acetarsol, Nifuroxazide, Nifurzide)
Intestinal adsorbentsCharcoal - Bismuth - Pectin - Kaolin - Crospovidone - Attapulgite - Diosmectite
AntipropulsivesDiphenoxylate - Opium - Loperamide - Difenoxin - Loperamide oxide
Intestinal anti-inflammatory agentscorticosteroids acting locally (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Betamethasone, Tixocortol, Budesonide, Beclometasone) - antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids (Cromoglicic acid) - aminosalicylic acid and similar agents (Sulfasalazine, Mesalazine, Olsalazine, Balsalazide)
Antidiarrheal micro-organismsSaccharomyces boulardii
Other antidiarrhealsAlbumin tannate - Ceratonia - Racecadotril
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Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01)
Topical: sympathomimetics, plainCyclopentamine - Ephedrine - Phenylephrine - Oxymetazoline - Tetryzoline - Xylometazoline - Naphazoline - Tramazoline - Metizoline - Tuaminoheptane - Fenoxazoline - Tymazoline - Epinephrine
Topical: antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroidsCromoglicic acid - Levocabastine - Azelastine - Antazoline - Spaglumic acid - Thonzylamine - Nedocromil - Olopatadine
Topical: corticosteroidsBeclometasone - Prednisolone - Dexamethasone - Flunisolide - Budesonide - Betamethasone - Tixocortol - Fluticasone - Mometasone furoate - Triamcinolone
Topical: other nasal preparationsCalcium hexamine thiocyanate - Retinol - Ipratropium bromide - Ritiometan - Mupirocin - Hexamidine - Framycetin
Systemic use: SympathomimeticsPhenylpropanolamine - Pseudoephedrine - Phenylephrine
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Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD (R03)
Adrenergics, inhalantsShort acting β2-agonists: Salbutamol • Fenoterol • Terbutaline
Long acting β2-agonists (LABA): Bambuterol • Clenbuterol • Formoterol • Salmeterol
other: Epinephrine • Isoproterenol • Orciprenaline
GlucocorticoidsBeclometasone • Budesonide • Ciclesonide • Fluticasone • Mometasone
AnticholinergicsIpratropium • Tiotropium
Mast cell stabilizersCromoglicate • Nedocromil
XanthinesAminophylline • Theobromine • Theophylline
Leukotriene antagonistsMontelukast • Pranlukast • Zafirlukast
Combination productsBudesonide/formoterol • Fluticasone/salmeterol • Ipratropium/salbutamol
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Corticosteroids - glucocorticoid/receptor and mineralocorticoid/receptor (A07EA, C05AA, D07, D10AA, H02, R01AD, R03BA, S01BA, S02B, and S03B)
EndogenousAldosterone, Cortisone, Hydrocortisone/cortisol, Desoxycortone
OthersAlclometasone, Amcinonide, Beclometasone, Betamethasone, Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Clobetasol, Clobetasone, Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Cortivazol, Deflazacort, Deoxycorticosterone, Desonide, Desoximetasone, Dexamethasone, Diflorasone, Diflucortolone, Difluprednate, Fluclorolone, Fludrocortisone, Fludroxycortide, Flumetasone, Flunisolide, Fluocinolone acetonide, Fluocinonide, Fluocortin, Fluocortolone, Fluorometholone, Fluperolone, Fluprednidene, Fluticasone, Formocortal, Halcinonide, Halometasone, Hydrocortisone aceponate, Hydrocortisone buteprate, Hydrocortisone butyrate, Loteprednol, Medrysone, Meprednisone, Methylprednisolone,Methylprednisolone aceponate, Mometasone furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisone, Prednisolone, Prednylidene, Rimexolone, Tixocortol, Triamcinolone, Ulobetasol
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by the specific receptors, target cells, and effects.
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Asthma
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 J 45.
ICD-9 493

OMIM 600807
DiseasesDB 1006
MedlinePlus 000141
eMedicine med/177   emerg/43

MeSH C08.127.
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MeSH D012220 Rhinitis is the medical term describing irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose. The primary symptom of rhinitis is a runny nose.
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Hay Fever is a comic play written by Noel Coward in 1924 and first produced in 1925 with Marie Tempest as the first Judith Bliss. Best described as a cross between high farce and a comedy of manners, the play is set in a British country house in the 1920s, and deals with the four
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MeSH D015212
IBD redirects here. For the national newspaper, see Investor's Business Daily. For bike shops, see Independent bicycle dealer.
In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD
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AstraZeneca PLC

Public LSE, NYSE and OMX: AZN
Founded 6 April 1999 by merger
Headquarters London, England, UK

Key people David Brennan CEO
Tony Zook Vice President, North America
Louis Schweitzer Chairman
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Nasal may refer to:
  • Nasal consonant
  • Nasal vowel
  • Nose
  • Nasal cavity
  • Nasal bone
  • Nasal Helm
  • Nasal hair

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Formoterol (INN) or eformoterol (former BAN) is a long-acting β2-agonist used in the management of asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Budesonide/formoterol is a combination formulation containing budesonide and formoterol used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the EU. It is marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Symbicort.
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Metabolism is the complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the basis of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories.
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ileum is the final section of the small intestine. It is about 2-4 m long in humans, follows the duodenum and jejunum, and is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal valve (ICV). The pH in the ileum is usually between 7 and 8 (neutral or slightly alkaline).
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colon is another name for the large intestine. The main function of the colon appears to be extraction of water from feces. In mammals, it consists of the ascending colon, transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon.
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An antidiarrhoeal drug is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea.

Types

  • Electrolyte solutions are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases.

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In anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
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Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. Anti-inflammatory drugs make up one half of analgesics, remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids which affect the brain.
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An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. In an infection, the infecting organism seeks to utilize the host's resources to multiply (usually at the expense of the host).
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A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System

A Alimentary tract and metabolism

A07A Intestinal anti-infectives

A07AA Antibiotics

A07AA01 Neomycin
A07AA02 Nystatin
A07AA03 Natamycin

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antibiotic is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits or abolishes the growth of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. The term originally referred to any agent with biological activity against living organisms; however, "antibiotic" now is used to refer to
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Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments and eyedrops.

Uses

Neomycin is overwhelmingly used as a topical preparation. It can also be given orally, where it is usually combined with other antibiotics.
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Nystatin is a polyene antifungal drug to which many molds and yeasts are sensitive, including Candida spp. Nystatin has some toxicity associated with it when given intravenously, but it is not absorbed across intact skin or mucous membranes.
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Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent produced by the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis. It is a macrolide polyene antifungal drug used to treat fungal keratitis.
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Streptomycin is an antibiotic drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis. It is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus.
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Polymyxin B (also referred to as PMB) are antibiotics primarily used for resistant gram negative infections. Polymyxins bind to the cell membrane and alters its structure making it more permeable. The resulting water uptake leads to cell death.
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Paromomycin sulfate (brand name Humatin) is a drug that fights intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis and amoeba infection, or amoebiasis and was developed as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis by the Institute for OneWorld Health.
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Amphotericin B (Fungilin, Fungizone, Abelcet, AmBisome, Fungisome, Amphocil, Amphotec) is a polyene antifungal drug, often used intravenously for systemic fungal infections.
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Kanamycin sulfate ® is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, available in both oral and intravenous forms, and used to treat a wide variety of infections. Kanamycin is isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus.
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Vancomycin (INN) (IPA: [ˌvæŋkoˈmaɪsən]) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
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Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B.
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Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, meaning that the drug will not pass the gastrointestinal wall into the circulation as is common for other types of orally administered antibiotics. It is licensed for use to treat diarrhea caused by E.
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