Caryophyllales

Information about Caryophyllales

Caryophyllales
Enlarge picture
Dianthus caryophyllus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Caryophyllales
Perleb
Families
See text.
Synonyms


Centrospermae


Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and most carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.

Description

The Caryophyllales includes about 6% of dicot species.[1]

Circumscription

As with all taxa, the circumscription of the Caryophyllales has changed within various classification systems. All systems recognize a core of families with centrospermous ovules and seeds. More recent treatments have expanded the Caryophyllales to include most carnivorous plants.

APG II

As circumscribed by the APG II system (2003), this order includes well-known plants like cacti, carnations, spinach, beet, rhubarb, sundews, venus fly traps, and bougainvillea. Recent molecular and biochemical evidence has resolved additional well-supported clades within the Caryophyllales.
  • order Caryophyllales
* family Achatocarpaceae
* family Aizoaceae
* family Amaranthaceae
* family Ancistrocladaceae
* family Asteropeiaceae
* family Barbeuiaceae
* family Basellaceae
* family Cactaceae
* family Caryophyllaceae
* family Didiereaceae
* family Dioncophyllaceae
* family Droseraceae
* family Drosophyllaceae
* family Frankeniaceae
* family Gisekiaceae
* family Halophytaceae
* family Molluginaceae
* family Nepenthaceae
* family Nyctaginaceae
* family Physenaceae
* family Phytolaccaceae
* family Plumbaginaceae
* family Polygonaceae
* family Portulacaceae
* family Rhabdodendraceae
* family Sarcobataceae
* family Simmondsiaceae
* family Stegnospermataceae
* family Tamaricaceae

APG

Enlarge picture
Carnegiea gigantea
Enlarge picture
Sweet William Dwarf from the family Caryophyllaceae
This represents a slight change from the APG system, of 1998
  • order Caryophyllales
  • : family Achatocarpaceae
  • : family Aizoaceae
  • : family Amaranthaceae
  • : family Ancistrocladaceae
  • : family Asteropeiaceae
  • : family Basellaceae
  • : family Cactaceae
  • : family Caryophyllaceae
  • : family Didiereaceae
  • : family Dioncophyllaceae
  • : family Droseraceae
  • : family Drosophyllaceae
  • : family Frankeniaceae
  • : family Molluginaceae
  • : family Nepenthaceae
  • : family Nyctaginaceae
  • : family Physenaceae
  • : family Phytolaccaceae
  • : family Plumbaginaceae
  • : family Polygonaceae
  • : family Portulacaceae
  • : family Rhabdodendraceae
  • : family Sarcobataceae
  • : family Simmondsiaceae
  • : family Stegnospermataceae
  • : family Tamaricaceae

Cronquist

Enlarge picture
Chenopodium album
The Cronquist system (1981) also recognised the order, with this circumscription:
  • order Caryophyllales
  • : family Achatocarpaceae
  • : family Aizoaceae
  • : family Amaranthaceae
  • : family Basellaceae
  • : family Cactaceae
  • : family Caryophyllaceae
  • : family Chenopodiaceae
  • : family Didiereaceae
  • : family Nyctaginaceae
  • : family Phytolaccaceae
  • : family Portulacaceae
  • : family Molluginaceae
The difference with the order as recognized by APG lies in the first place in the concept of "order". The APG favours much larger orders and families, and the order Caryophyllales sensu APG should rather be compared to subclass Caryophyllidae sensu Cronquist.

A part of the difference lies with what families are recognized. The plants in the Stegnospermataceae and Barbeuiaceae were included in Cronquist's Phytolaccaceae. The Chenopodiaceae (still recognized by Cronquist) are included in Amaranthaceae by APG.

New to the order (sensu APG) are the Asteropeiaceae and Physenaceae, each containing a single genus, and two genera from Cronquist's order Nepenthales.

Earlier circumscriptions

Earlier systems, such as the Wettstein system, last edition in 1935, and the Engler system, updated in 1964, had a similar order under the name Centrospermae.

References

1. ^ [1]
D. caryophyllus

Binomial name
Dianthus caryophyllus
L.

Dianthus caryophyllus (Clove Pink) is a species of Dianthus.
..... Click the link for more information.
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
..... Click the link for more information.
Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]

Divisions

Green algae
  • Chlorophyta
  • Charophyta
Land plants (embryophytes)
  • Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)

..... Click the link for more information.
Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Magnoliopsida

Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being
..... Click the link for more information.
Karl Julius Perleb (1794-1845) (also known as Carl Julius Perleb) was a German botanist and natural scientist.

From 1809 to 1811, he studied at the University of Freiburg and attained a doctorate first in philosophy and 1815 in medicine. A stay in Vienna followed.
..... Click the link for more information.
family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
..... Click the link for more information.
In scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names used for a single taxon. Usage and terminology are different for zoology and botany.

Zoology

In zoological nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names that pertain to the same taxon, for example
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Centrospermae is a descriptive botanical name, published in 1878 by Eichler, meaning "with the seed in the center", referring to the free-central placentation. It was used in the Engler system and the Wettstein system) for an order of flowering plants.
..... Click the link for more information.
order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
..... Click the link for more information.
Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cactus, see Mammillaria, Melocactus, and Opuntia.
Cacti redirects here. For the software, see Cacti (software).


Cacti

Ferocactus pilosus

..... Click the link for more information.
D. caryophyllus

Binomial name
Dianthus caryophyllus
L.

Dianthus caryophyllus (Clove Pink) is a species of Dianthus.
..... Click the link for more information.
Amaranthus
L.

Species
  • Amaranthus acanthochiton greenstripe
  • Amaranthus acutilobius sharp-lobe amaranth
  • Amaranthus albus white pigweed, prostrate pigweed, pigweed amaranth
  • Amaranthus arenicola

..... Click the link for more information.
C. edulis

Binomial name
Carpobrotus edulis
(L.) N.E. Br

The common name Ice Plant refers to Carpobrotus edulis
..... Click the link for more information.
Carnivorous plants (sometimes called insectivorous plants) are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, most focusing on insects and other arthropods.
..... Click the link for more information.
Succulent plants, also known as succulents or fat plants, are water-retaining plants adapted to arid climate or soil conditions. Succulent plants store water in their leaves, stems and/or roots.
..... Click the link for more information.
stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescence (flowers), cones or other stems etc.
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leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast (chlorenchyma tissue, a type of parenchyma) to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate
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Magnoliopsida
Brongniart

Orders

See text.
Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
..... Click the link for more information.
species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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For the journal, see .
A taxon (plural taxa), or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or group of organisms. A taxon is assigned a rank and can be placed at a particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting evolutionary
..... Click the link for more information.
Carnivorous plants (sometimes called insectivorous plants) are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, most focusing on insects and other arthropods.
..... Click the link for more information.
A modern system of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003).

..... Click the link for more information.
Cactus, see Mammillaria, Melocactus, and Opuntia.
Cacti redirects here. For the software, see Cacti (software).


Cacti

Ferocactus pilosus

..... Click the link for more information.
Dianthus
L.

species
About 300 species; see text

Dianthus is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species extending south to north Africa, and one
..... Click the link for more information.
S. oleracea

Binomial name
Spinacia oleracea
L.

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae, native to central and southwestern Asia.
..... Click the link for more information.
B. vulgaris

Binomial name
Beta vulgaris
Carolus Linnaeus

Beta vulgaris, commonly known as beet or beetroot, is a flowering plant species in the family Chenopodiaceae.
..... Click the link for more information.
Rheum
L.

Species
About 60, including:
  • R. nobile
  • R. officinale
  • R. palmatum
  • R. rhabarbarum
  • R.

..... Click the link for more information.
Drosera
L.

Species

See separate list.
The Sundews (Drosera) comprise one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with over 170 species.
..... Click the link for more information.

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