Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Information about Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Chlorhexidine gluconate is a chemical antiseptic.
[1]
It kills (is bactericidal to) both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, although it is less effective with some gram-negative microbes.
[2]
It is also bacteriostatic.
The mechanism of action is believed to be membrane disruption, and not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.
Products containing chlorhexidine gluconate in high concentrations must be kept away from eyes (corneal ulcers) and the inner ear (deafness), although it is used in minute concentrations in some contact lens solutions.
In some countries it is available by prescription only.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate-based products are usually utilized to combat or prevent gum diseases such as gingivitis. According to Colgate [https://secure.colgateprofessional.com/app/ColgateProfessional/US/EN/Products/ProductItems/ColgatePerioGard/ProductSpecifics.cvsp], chlorhexidine gluconate has not been proven to reduce subgingivial calculus and in some studies actually increased deposits.
The mechanism of action is believed to be membrane disruption, and not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.
Products containing chlorhexidine gluconate in high concentrations must be kept away from eyes (corneal ulcers) and the inner ear (deafness), although it is used in minute concentrations in some contact lens solutions.
Availability
It is sometimes marketed under the brand names Peridex, Periochip, Periogard Oral Rinse. In the UK it is sometimes marketed under the brand names Corsodyl or Chlorohex, in Germany as Chlorhexamed, and in Australia as Savacol.In some countries it is available by prescription only.
Dental applications
It is often used as an active ingredient in mouthwash designed to kill dental plaque and other oral bacteria. Chlorhexidine gluconate can thus be used to improve bad breath.[3]Chlorhexidine Gluconate-based products are usually utilized to combat or prevent gum diseases such as gingivitis. According to Colgate [https://secure.colgateprofessional.com/app/ColgateProfessional/US/EN/Products/ProductItems/ColgatePerioGard/ProductSpecifics.cvsp], chlorhexidine gluconate has not been proven to reduce subgingivial calculus and in some studies actually increased deposits.
Deactivation
Chlorhexidine is deactivated by anionic compounds, including the anionic surfactants commonly used as detergents in toothpastes and mouthwashes. For this reason, chlorhexidine mouth rinses should be used at least 30 minutes after other dental products.[4] For best effectiveness, food, drink, smoking, and mouth rinses should be avoided for at least one hour after use.Non-dental applications
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used in non-dental applications, most notably under the brand names Oronine, Avagard, Hibiclens, Hibiscrub, ChloraPrep, BIOPATCH, and Exidine. It is also a component of the famous household antiseptic Savlon. It is used for general skin cleansing, a surgical scrub and a pre-operative skin preparation. Due to other chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, the cleanser solution is not suitable for use as mouthwash. It is often used as a rubbing agent prior to the use of hypodermic or intravenous needles in place of iodine.References
1. ^ Chlorhexidine Official FDA information, side effects and uses. Drug information Online. Drugs.com (Revised 11/2006). Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Drugs.com state that this information comes directly from the FDA
2. ^ THE MOST COMMON TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS. Care of the umbilical cord. World Health Organization (1998). Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Denton W , Chlorhexidine In: Sterilisation and Preservation 5th Edition, Block SS, eds. Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia, 2001; 321-36.
2. ^ THE MOST COMMON TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS. Care of the umbilical cord. World Health Organization (1998). Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Denton W , Chlorhexidine In: Sterilisation and Preservation 5th Edition, Block SS, eds. Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia, 2001; 321-36.
External links
Periodontology and Implant Dentistry | |
|---|---|
| Tissues of the Periodontium and their physiologic entities | Alveolar bone - Biologic width - Cementum - Free gingival margin - Gingiva - Gingival fibers - Junctional epithelium - Mucogingival junction - Periodontal ligament - Sulcular epithelium - Stippling |
| Pathogenesis | A. actinomycetemcomitans - B. forsythus - Capnocytophaga sp. - F. nucleatum - P. gingivalis - P. intermedia - T. denticola |
| Pathologic entities | Calculus - Edentulism - Fremitus - Gingival enlargement - Gingival pocket - Gingivitis - Horizontal bony defect - Occlusal trauma - Periodontal pocket - Periodontal disease - Plaque - Recession - Vertical bony defect |
| Diagnosis, Treatment planning, Prevention and Chemotherapeutic agents | Brushing - Bleeding on probing - Chlorhexidine gluconate - Flossing - Hydrogen peroxide - Mouthwash - Oral hygiene - Tetracycline - Triclosan |
| Periodontal armamentarium | Currette - Membrane - Probe - Scaler |
| Conventional Therapy | Debridement - Scaling and root planing |
| Surgical Therapy and Periodontal surgery | Apically positioned flap - Bone graft - Coronally positioned flap - Crown lengthening - Flap debridement - Free gingival graft - Gingivectomy - Guided bone regeneration - Guided tissue regeneration - Implant Placement - Lateral pedicle graft - Pocket reduction surgery - Sinus lift - Subepithelial connective tissue graft |
| Other specialties | - - |
Stomatological preparations (A01) | |
|---|---|
| Caries prophylactic agents | Sodium fluoride - Sodium monofluorophosphate - Olaflur - Stannous fluoride |
| Anti-infectives and antiseptics | Hydrogen peroxide - Chlorhexidine - Amphotericin B - Polynoxylin - Domiphen - Oxyquinoline - Neomycin - Miconazole - Natamycin - Hexetidine - Tetracycline - Benzoxonium chloride - Tibezonium iodide - Mepartricin - Metronidazole - Clotrimazole - Sodium perborate - Chlortetracycline - Doxycycline - Minocycline - Eugenol |
| Corticosteroids | Triamcinolone - Dexamethasone - Hydrocortisone |
| Other | Epinephrine - Benzydamine - Acetylsalicylic acid - Adrenalone - Amlexanox |
Antiseptics and disinfectants (D08) | |
|---|---|
| Acridine derivatives | Ethacridine lactate - Aminoacridine - Euflavine |
| Biguanides and amidines | Dibrompropamidine - Chlorhexidine - Propamidine - Hexamidine - Polihexanide |
| Phenol and derivatives | Hexachlorophene - Policresulen - Phenol - Triclosan - Chloroxylenol - Biphenylol |
| Nitrofuran derivatives | Nitrofurazone |
| Iodine products | Iodine/octylphenoxypolyglycolether - Povidone-iodine - Diiodohydroxypropane |
| Quinoline derivatives | Dequalinium - Chlorquinaldol - Oxyquinoline - Clioquinol |
| Quaternary ammonium compounds | Benzalkonium - Cetrimonium - Cetylpyridinium - Cetrimide - Benzoxonium chloride - Didecyldimethylammonium chloride |
| Mercurial products | Mercuric amidochloride - Phenylmercuric borate - Mercuric chloride - Mercurochrome - Thiomersal - Mercuric iodide |
| Silver compounds | Silver nitrate |
| Others | Hydrogen peroxide - Eosin - Propanol - Tosylchloramide sodium - Isopropanol - Potassium permanganate - Sodium hypochlorite - Ethanol |
Medicated dressings (D09) |
|---|
| Framycetin - Fusidic acid - Nitrofural - Phenylmercuric nitrate - Benzododecinium - Triclosan - Cetylpyridinium - Aluminium chlorohydrate - Povidone-iodine - Clioquinol - Benzalkonium - Chlorhexidine - Iodoform |
Throat preparations (R02) | |
|---|---|
| Antiseptics | Ambazone - Dequalinium - Dichlorobenzyl alcohol - Chlorhexidine - Cetylpyridinium - Benzethonium - Myristyl-benzalkonium - Chlorquinaldol - Hexylresorcinol - Acriflavinium chloride - Oxyquinoline - Povidone-iodine - Benzalkonium - Cetrimonium - Hexamidine - Phenol |
| Antibiotics | Neomycin - Tyrothricin - Fusafungine - Bacitracin - Gramicidin |
| Local anesthetics | Benzocaine - Lidocaine - Cocaine - Dyclonine |
Otologicals (S02) | |
|---|---|
| Anti-infectives | Chloramphenicol - Nitrofural - Boric acid - Aluminium acetotartrate - Clioquinol - Hydrogen peroxide - Neomycin - Tetracycline - Chlorhexidine - Acetic acid - Polymyxin B - Rifamycin - Miconazole - Gentamicin |
| Corticosteroids | Hydrocortisone - Prednisolone - Dexamethasone - Betamethasone |
| Other otologicals | Lidocaine - Cocaine |
Antiseptics (Greek αντί, against, and σηπτικός, putrefactive) are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.
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Gram-positive bacteria are those that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram stain process.[1] Gram-positive bacteria appear blue or violet under a microscope, while Gram-negative bacteria appear red or pink.
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Gram-negative bacteria are those that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol.[1] Gram-positive bacteria will retain the dark blue dye after an alcohol wash.
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microorganism (also spelled as microrganism) or microbe is an organism that is microscopic (too small to be seen by the human eye). The study of microorganisms is called microbiology.
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Bacteriostatic antibiotics hamper the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial:
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- Protein production,
- DNA replication,
- Cellular metabolism.
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ATPases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate ion. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reactions
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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Anthem
"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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A medical prescription (℞) is an order (often in written form) by a qualified health care professional to a pharmacist or other therapist for a treatment to be provided to their patient.
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Mouthwash or mouth rinse is a product used for oral hygiene. Antiseptic and anti-plaque mouth rinse claims to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis, and bad breath. Anti-cavity mouth rinse uses fluoride to protect against tooth decay.
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Dental plaque is a biofilm (usually of a clear color) that builds up on the teeth. If not removed regularly, it can lead to dental cavities (caries) or periodontal problems (such as gingivitis).
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Bacteria
Phyla
Actinobacteria
Aquificae
Chlamydiae
Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi
Chloroflexi
Chrysiogenetes
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacteres
Deinococcus-Thermus
Dictyoglomi
Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria
Firmicutes
Fusobacteria
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Phyla
Actinobacteria
Aquificae
Chlamydiae
Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi
Chloroflexi
Chrysiogenetes
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacteres
Deinococcus-Thermus
Dictyoglomi
Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria
Firmicutes
Fusobacteria
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Periodontal disease
Classification & external resources
This x-ray shows significant bone loss between the two roots of a tooth. The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
ICD-10 K 05.
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Classification & external resources
This x-ray shows significant bone loss between the two roots of a tooth. The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
ICD-10 K 05.
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Gingivitis ("inflammation of the gums") (gingiva) around the teeth is a general term for gingival diseases affecting the gingiva (gums)[1]. As generally used, the term gingivitis refers to gingival inflammation induced by bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) adherent
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ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, making it positively or negatively charged. A negatively charged ion, which has more electrons in its electron shells than it has protons in its nuclei, is known as an anion
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Surfactants, also known as tensides, are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids.
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A brand includes a name, logo, slogan, and/or design scheme associated with a product or service. Brand recognition and other reactions are created by the use of the product or service and through the influence of advertising, design, and media commentary.
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Skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, showing a hair follicle, sweat gland & sebaceous gland.]] In zootomy and dermatology, skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs.
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Iodine (IPA: /ˈaɪədaɪn, ˈaɪədɪn/, or /ˈaɪədiːn/; from Greek: iodes
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible the safety regulation of most types of foods, dietary supplements, drugs, vaccines, biological medical products, blood products, medical devices,
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Periodontology, or periodontics, is the branch of dentistry which studies the supporting structures of teeth, known as the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligaments.
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dental implant is an artificial tooth root replacement and is used in prosthetic dentistry. There are several types. The most widely accepted and successful is the osseointegrated implant, based on the discovery by Swedish Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark that titanium could be
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Periodontium refers to the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. The word comes from the Greek terms peri-, meaning "around" and -odons, meaning "tooth.
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The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. It is also referred to as the alveolar bone. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible.
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Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically.[1]
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Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex.
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The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. This interface exists at the most coronal point of the gingiva, otherwise known as the crest of the marginal gingiva.
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The gingiva (sing. and plur.: gingiva), or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lays over the alveolar bone.
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General Description
Gingiva are part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them...... Click the link for more information.
The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue.[1] They are primarily composed to type I collagen, although type III fibers are also involved.
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