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Comedy

In common, present day usage the word comedy almost always refers to the creation or presentation of humor with the intention of provoking laughter. Most comedy contains variations on the elements of surprise, incongruity, conflict, repetitiveness, and the effect of opposite expectations, but there are many recognized genres of comedy. Satire and political satire use ironic comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, thus alienating their audience from the object of humor. Parody borrows the form of some popular genre, artwork, or text but uses certain ironic changes to critique that form from within (though not necessarily in a condemning way). Screwball comedy derives its humor largely from bizarre, surprising (and improbable) situations or characters. Black comedy is defined by dark humor that makes light of so called dark or evil elements in human nature. Similarly scatological humor, sexual humor, and race humor create comedy by violating social conventions or taboos in comedic ways. A comedy of manners typically takes as its subject a particular part of society (usually upper class society) and uses humor to parody or satirize the behavior and mannerisms of its members. Romantic comedy is a popular genre that depicts burgeoning romance in humorous terms and focuses on the foibles of those falling in love.

Derivation

The word "comedy" is derived from the Classical Greek κωμῳδία, which is a compound either of κῶμος (revel) or κώμη (village) and ᾠδή (singing): it is possible that κῶμος itself is derived from κώμη, and originally meant a village revel.

In ancient Greece, comedy seems to have originated in bawdy and ribald songs or recitations apropos of fertility festivals or gatherings, or also in poking fun at other people or stereotypes.[1]

Aristotle, in his Poetics, states that comedy originated in Phallic songs and the light treatment of the otherwise base and ugly. He also adds that the origins of comedy are obscure because it was not treated seriously from its inception.[2]

The word came into modern usage through the Latin comoedia and Italian commedia and has, over time, passed through various shades of meaning. In the middle ages it simply defined a story with a happy ending; thus some of Chaucer's tales are called comedies, and in this sense Dante used the term in the title of his poem, La Commedia.

The adjective "comic" (Greek κωμικός), which strictly means that which relates to comedy is, in modern usage, generally confined to the sense of "laughter-provoking". The phenomena connected with laughter and that which provokes it has been carefully investigated by psychologists and agreed upon the predominating characteristics are incongruity or contrast in the object, and shock or emotional seizure on the part of the subject. It has also been held that the feeling of superiority is an essential, if not the essential, factor: thus Hobbes speaks of laughter as a "sudden glory." Modern investigators have paid much attention to the origin both of laughter and of smiling, as well as the development of the "play instinct" and its emotional expression.

See also

Forms

Styles

Main article: Comedy genres

History of theatre

[3]

Definitions

Comedy events and awards

Lists of comedy performers

By nationality

Lists of comedy programs

Other lists

Related articles

Notes

1. ^ Francis MacDonald Cornford, The Origin of Attic Comedy, 1934.
2. ^ Aristotle, Poetics, lines beginning at 1449a. [1]
3. ^ This list was compiled with reference to The Cambridge Guide to Theatre (1998).

References

External links

Comedy at the Open Directory Project
Irony is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later context of history).
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Satire (from Latin satura, not from the Greek mythological figure satyr[1]) is a literary genre, chiefly literary and dramatic, in which human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision,
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Political satire is a subgenre of general satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics, politicians, and public affairs. It has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political
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In contemporary usage, a parody (or lampoon) is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject.
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For the gay men's lifestyle magazine, see Genre (magazine).
A genre [ˈʒã:rə], (French: "kind" or "sort" from Greek: γένος (genos)) is a loose set of criteria for
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work of art (or artwork or work) is a creation, such as a song, book, film, print, sculpture or a painting, that has been made in order to be a thing of beauty in itself or a symbolic statement of meaning, rather than having a practical function.
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TEXT is the band founded by three of the four ex-members of hardcore band Refused. Stylistically, they have little in common with Refused apart from this fact. Their debut album, Text, is a mix of spoken word, music of various styles, and ambient sound effects, often producing an
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Irony is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later context of history).
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Screwball Comedy is an album by the Japanese band Soul Flower Union.

Track listing


# English Title Japanese Title Time

1. "Survivors Banquet"
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original research or unverifiable claims.
* It does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by citing reliable sources.
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evil is an active force. In the Christian religion, good is, by definition, what God commands, and Satan works to spread evil (disobedience) in the world. Evil thoughts are as serious as evil actions. In Zoroastrianism there are two Gods, the good Ahura Mazda and the evil Ahriman.
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Ethnic jokes exploit ethnic stereotypes. They are often racist and frequently considered offensive.

For example, the British tell jokes starting "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman...
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For other uses, see Convention.
A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated or generally accepted social norms, norms, standards or criteria, often taking the form of a custom.
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taboo is a strong social prohibition (or ban) against words, objects, actions, discussions, or people that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group, culture, or society. Breaking a taboo is usually considered objectionable or abhorrent.
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The comedy of manners satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters, such as the miles gloriosus in ancient times, the fop and the rake during the Restoration, or an old person pretending to be young.
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A romantic comedy may be a film or novel, presenting a story about romance in a comedic style.

See also

External links


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Ancient Greek refers to the second stage in the history of the Greek language[1] as it existed during the Archaic (9th–6th centuries BC) and Classical (5th–4th centuries BC) periods in Greece.
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Komos (in Greek κώμος, pl. komoi) was a ritualisitc drunken procession performed by revellers in ancient Greece, whose participants were known as komasts.
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Motto
Ελευθερία ή θάνατος
Eleftheria i thanatos  
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Ribaldry is a third, and somewhat neglected, genre of sexual entertainment. Somewhat different from either pornography or erotica, it is often confused with them. It could also be referred to as bawdiness or bawdry.
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Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
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Middle Ages form the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three "ages": the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern Times.
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DANTE (Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe) is a not-for-profit organisation that plans, builds and operates the international networks that interconnect the various National Research and Education Networks in Europe and surrounding regions.
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Characteristic has several meanings:
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Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher, whose famous 1651 book Leviathan established the agenda for nearly all subsequent Western political philosophy.
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Bouffon (Eng. "buffoon", "jester") is an art form which originally concerned the "ugly people" of France, during the French Renaissance. According to leading Bouffon teacher Philippe Gaulier, excessively-ugly people, lepers, prostitutes, heretics, the mad, and those with
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Comedy film is genre of film in which the main emphasis is on humor. It is one of the oldest genres in film, as some of the very first silent movies were comedies. Comedy, unlike other film genres, puts much more focus on individual stars, with many former stand-up comics
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Gross-out films are a sub-genre of comedy movies in which the producers aim to "gross out" their audience with disgusting and disturbing material, such as sexual or "toilet" humor.
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A parody or spoof film is a comedy that satirizes other film genres or classic films.The five main conventions for this genre are:
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