Delrina
Delrina logo
	Public TSX: DC, NASDAQ: DENAF (no longer extant; bought by Symantec in 1995)
Founded	1988
Headquarters	Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Key people	Dennis Bennie, Chairman & CEO Mark Skapinker, President Bert Amato, Executive Vice President & Chief Technical Officer Tony Davis, VP of Communications Software Strategy
Industry	Computer software
Products	WinFax, PerForm, FormFlow, Echo Lake, Cyberjack, WinComm, TalkWorks, CommSuite 95
Revenue	$132.9 million CAD (sales) (1995)
Employees	700 (1995)
Website	www.delrina.com (Wayback Machine archive)

Delrina was a Canadian software company based in Toronto, that existed between 1988 and 1995, prior to being bought by the American software firm Symantec. Delrina started out by producing a set of electronic form products known as PerForm and later, FormFlow. However, the company was best known for its WinFax software package of the early- to mid-1990s, which enabled computers equipped with fax-modems to communicate faxes to stand-alone fax machines or other similarly-equipped computers. Delrina also produced a set of popular screensavers, including one that resulted in the well-publicized "flying toasters" lawsuit for copyright and trademark infringement (Berkeley Systems Inc. v. Delrina); the case set a precedent in American law that satiric commercial software products were not subject to the same First Amendment exemptions as parodic cartoons or literature.

After the buyout by Symantec in 1995, parts of the firm were sold off, As of June 30th, 2006, Symantec announced its plan to discontinue WinFax PRO. In its wake, several of Delrina's former executives founded venture capital firms that continue to have a lasting impact on the Canadian software industry.

Beginnings

The company was founded in 1988 by Zimbabwean expatriate Bert Amato, and South African expatriates Mark Skapinker and Dennis Bennie. The previous year, Amato and Skapinker came up with the idea of creating electronic business form software. They met with Bennie, who was then the Chief Executive Officer of Carolian Systems International, a firm that made business software for Hewlett-Packard. He arranged for an initial seed investment of $1.5 million CAD to create a new start-up company to develop this idea, which was called "Delrina", a name derived from the family members of Bennie's family: DEnnis, Laura, RIkki, and daNA.

For much of its existence its headquarters was located at 895 Don Mills Road, in the Morneau Sobeco Centre in the northern part of Toronto. The company would extend its reach worldwide, and would eventually have branch offices located in San Jose, California; Kirkland, Washington; Washington, DC; and Lexington, Massachusetts as well as other offices in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.

Forms products

The company's first product was PerForm, an electronic forms software package. This and its sibling product FormFlow (which was aimed at workgroup and enterprise-level electronic forms processing and delivery) became the leading products of its class, both of which specialized in workflow forms processing prior to the commercial impact of the Internet and the advent of Web-based forms.

The products were designed to allow users to create self-contained form applications which could be passed back and forth across a network. Both PerForm and FormFlow consisted of two distinct parts: "Designer", used to create the form application, and "Filler", so users could submit the forms either by fax, and later, email. The program could ease repetitive fill tasks, include mandatory fields, and use a "mask" to accept only data entered in a valid format. The information could be saved and restored in a dBase file, and it used a Public-key cryptography system to encrypt the data running from client to server.

The initial version of PerForm was designed for the Graphical Environment Manager (better known by its acronym "GEM"), a DOS-based windowing system. Later versions of this program, known as PerForm PRO, were designed to work under Windows 3.1 and subsequent Windows operating systems. PerForm PRO 3.0 included integration with Delrina's own WinFax software, and included a range of automation tools.

As PerForm captured the retail market, it became apparent that there was a need for electronics forms delivery and processing at the workgroup and enterprise levels. In 1994 Delrina FormFlow was released, which was designed to meet this need. There was significant and long-term uptake of these products in governmental agencies both in Canada and the United States, the latter facilitated by efforts of the Washington sales office. One of the key features of FormFlow 1.1 was forms integration with email, and its Filler module was available for DOS, Windows and Unix.

While the electronic forms products launched the company, it was WinFax that brought it into the popular market.

WinFax

Software developer Tony Davis was hired as a consultant to work on the forms line of products in the late 1980s, and soon afterwards became part of that team. In his spare time he developed a prototype of what would become the first WinFax product, with the agreement that Delrina would be its publisher. This was done primarily in the interest of retaining a good developer within the firm rather than part of a deliberate strategy to enter the computer-to-fax marketplace.

WinFax enabled computers equipped with fax-modems to send faxes directly to stand-alone fax machines or other similarly equipped computers. In 1990 Delrina devoted a relatively small space to this new product at that year's COMDEX, where it easily garnered the most attention of any Delrina product being demonstrated at that show. This interest convinced Amato and Skapinker of the commercial viability of the product. The rapid acceptance of this program in the market soon overtook that of the initial forms product in terms of revenues, and within a few years of its launch, WinFax would account for 80% of the company's revenues^[1]. Tony Davis went on to sell his product idea to Delrina, and stayed on as its lead software architect, strategist and designer.^[2]

Several versions of the WinFax product were released over the next few years, initially for Windows 3.x and then a Windows 95-based version. Versions were also created for the Apple Macintosh ("Delrina Fax Pro") and DOS ("DosFax"). The Windows versions were also localized to major European and Asian languages. The company made further in-roads by establishing tie-ins with modem manufacturers such as U.S. Robotics and Supra that bundled simple versions of the product (called "WinFax LITE") that offered basic functionality. Those wanting more robust features were encouraged to upgrade to the "PRO" version, and were offered significant discounts over the standalone retail version. All of this rapidly established WinFax as the de facto fax software. By 1994 almost 100 companies were bundling versions of WinFax, including IBM, Compaq, AST Research, Gateway 2000, Intel and Hewlett-Packard^[3].

WinFax PRO 3.0 was launched in November 1993 for Windows 3.x machines. This was followed by a version for Macintosh systems. This version of this product saw long life as a "non-PRO" version that was bundled with various fax modems by the end of its product cycle.

The release of WinFax PRO 4.0 in March 1994 brought together a number of key features and technologies. It introduced an improved OCR engine, introduced improvements aimed specifically at mobile fax users, better on-screen fax viewing capabilities and a focus on consistency and usability of the interface. It also included for the first time the ability to integrate directly with popular email products that were beginning to emerge in the marketplace, such as and Microsoft Mail. It was soon followed by a Networked version of the same product, which allowed a number of users to share a single fax modem on a networked system. This version of the product was also bundled with a grayscale scanner, and sold as WinFax Scanner.

In 1994 the firm acquired AudioFile, a company that specialized in computer-based voice technology. The company created a product called TalkWorks, which enabled users to use certain fax/modems as a voice mail client. This program would later be bundled with subsequent versions of WinFax and the CommSuite 95 product. The voice mail capabilities of this product are now integrated with the latest version of WinFax (version 10, as of 2006).

The final Delrina-made version of WinFax was WinFax PRO 7.0, which shipped in November 1995. There was no intervening version 5.0 or 6.0, and the jump to version 7.0 was purely a marketing decision, based on keeping up with Microsoft's suite of Office products which were then at the same number. It was the first Delrina product designed to work with the Windows 95 operating system, and was a full 32-bit application, setting it apart from its competition at the time.

With the release of Windows 95 earlier that year, Delrina was now competing directly against Microsoft, which included a basic faxing application with the operating system, along with a licensed version of Hilgraeve's HyperTerminal communication package, (which was also used as the basis for Delrina's own WinComm program.) While these applications offered only the most rudimentary fax and online communication services, Microsoft was perceived as a potentially serious competitor that had just decided to enter the communications market space.

By the time WinFax PRO 7.0 was being sold from retail shelves, Delrina had been acquired by Symantec.

Multimedia products

Next to WinFax, Delrina was probably best known for its series of screensaver products. Screensavers were designed to ensure that there would be no phosphor burn-in of images left on a CRT-based screen. Delrina added sound and basic interactivity with its series of screensaver products, arguably qualifying it as an early form of multimedia.

In late 1992 Delrina acquired Amaze Inc., based out of Kirkland, Washington. The firm created daily planner software, providing time management features while providing some humour by featuring cartoon strips like Cathy, Bloom County, B.C. and The Far Side. Under Delrina several of these licensed cartoons were further developed into screensaver applications, as was a licensed version based on the first Flintstone live-action movie, and "The Scott Adams Dilbert Screen Saver Collection" which came out in September 1994. All of the screensaver products were developed out of the Kirkland office.

Berkeley Systems Inc. v. Delrina

The most popular screensaver was based on the licensed Bloom County Opus and Bill the Cat characters. The initial "Opus 'n Bill" screensaver launched in 1993 landed the company in court as one of its modules depicted Opus taking shots at a number of flying toasters, an iconic emblem in Berkeley System's "Flying Toasters" module from their After Dark screensaver product. Berkeley Systems sued for copyright and trademark infringement. The following court case of Berkeley Systems Inc. v. Delrina was fought by Delrina on the basis that a software-based parody should fall under the same First Amendment protection offered to the press.

A preliminary injunction was filed against Delrina in October 1993 which halted the sale of the product, with Berkeley later forcing a recall of the product. The case drew political satirist Mark Russell to speak in defense of Delrina, who argued in favour of the screensaver as a valid parody.

Judge Eugene Lynch found in favour of Berkeley, citing that a commercial software product was not subject to the same exemptions as parodist literature, and that the toasters were too similar in design.

Delrina subsequently removed the wings from the toasters and replaced them with propellers in order to avoid trademark infringement. The module was also renamed from "Death Toasters" to "Censored Toaster Module". Updated modules for this particular screensaver were sold for the next couple of years.

In the court case, it was also found that the design for winged toasters was not original and that the Berkeley Systems' design was itself derived from the Jefferson Airplane album Thirty Seconds Over Winterland, which also used flying toasters adorned with wings. Berkeley argued that the firm was unaware of the previous artwork until 1991, and that the album cover's toasters had clocks in addition to their wings. Jefferson Airplane later sued Berkeley Systems in turn for the use of the same flying toaster emblem. The rock group lost the case as they did not trademark the album cover at the time of publication.

Despite the publicity generated by the case, Delrina lost hundreds of thousands of dollars over the affair. The decision itself has been interpreted by some as an erosion of First Amendment rights over the increasing protection provided to copyright holders.

Echo Lake

The most notable multimedia software produced by Delrina was Echo Lake, an early form of scrapbook software that came out in February 1995. During development it was touted internally as a "cross [of] Quark Xpress and Myst"^[4]. It featured an immersive 3D environment where a user could go to a virtual desktop in a virtual office and assemble video and audio clips along with images, and then send them as either a virtual book other users of the program could access, or to print. It was a highly innovative product for its time, and ultimately was hampered by the inability of many users to easily input their own multimedia content into a computer from that period.

Online services and the Internet

Seeing a growing business in online communications utilities, Delrina launched WinComm PRO, a program designed to allow users to access on-line services such as CompuServe, GEnie and BBSes. It was a relative latecomer to the market, which was then dominated at the time by Datastorm's Procomm series of communications software. Delrina licensed Hilgraeve's HyperACCESS software in 1993^[5], and used it as the basis for the initial version of its WinComm online communications software. The initial version of the product was originally bundled with WinFax as part of the Delrina Communications Suite, but in March 1994 was issued as a standalone product.



Delrina tried to expand aggressively into this market space, first by acquiring the Canadian online bulletin board service CRS Online, and then using it as a distribution channel for free versions of its WinComm LITE and DOS-based FreeComm products in March 1995.

When the Internet was opened to commercial interests in the mid-1990s, Delrina started to expand in this nascent market space with their Cyberjack 7.0 product, launched in December 1995. Created by a development team based in South Africa, it included a Web browser, Usenet news reader, ftp client, IRC and integration with the Microsoft Exchange email program. The program used an interesting variant of the now-common bookmark, using a "Guidebook" to store information for various Internet addresses. It was arguably the first product of its type to change seamlessly from one application type to another (i.e. Web browser to ftp client) as needed.

CommSuite 95 shipped later that same month, bundling WinFax PRO 7.0 along with WinComm PRO 7.0, TalkWorks and the Cyberjack suite of Internet components. It used the Telephony Application Programming Interface (better known by its acronym, "TAPI"), so that it could discriminate whether an incoming call was a fax, data communications, or a regular voice call.

Acquisition by Symantec and aftermath

In 1995 Delrina's founders sold the firm to Symantec in a stock deal worth over $500 million CAD. The deal was announced in July 6 of that year, with shareholders from both firms approving the merger on November 20. The merger was completed on November 22, 1995^[6]. At its height the company employed more than 700 people world-wide, the majority being based in Canada. Symantec was following a general trend of larger American firms buying out Canadian software companies. Other contemporaneous examples included: Softimage and Zoom-it bought by Microsoft, and Alias bought by Silicon Graphics. Both Dennis Bennie and Bert Amato resigned their positions at Delrina just under a year later in May 1996, the former also resigning from Symantec's board of directors at that time.

Parts of the company were subsequently sold off, such as the sale of Delrina's Electronic Forms Division to JetForm in September 1996. JetForm, which later changed its name to Accelio, was in turn bought by Adobe. Adobe officially discontinued the electronic forms products in 2004^[7]. Creative Wonders bought the rights to the Echo Lake multimedia product, which was re-shaped as an introductory program on multimedia and re-released as Family Album Creator.

Post-Delrina

Many of the principals and employees of Delrina went on to found new firms or work at other software companies. With investments from Skapinker and Amato, and Bennie as chairman, Davis went on to form Lanacom, which developed an early Internet "push content" product. This firm and its technology were sold just over a year after its inception. Skapinker and Davis then went on to found Brightspark, a software venture capital firm. Bahman Koohestani, another early developer at Delrina, along with Davis also founded Delano, which developed e-business solutions for corporations. Delano was subsequently sold to divine, a firm which filed for Chapter 11 shortly after the Internet bubble burst. Bennie also set up a separate venture capital firm, XDL Intervest Capital, which focuses on Internet-specific entrepreneurial companies.

Within a few years all of Delrina's major market focuses — fax and form software — would be overtaken or superseded by email, e-commerce and the Internet. Daily planning software remains a niche market, and the immerse 3D environment used for creating multimedia presentations has (so far) fallen by the wayside in favour of more traditional user interfaces. WinFax (as of 2006, at Version 10.0) is still available as a product from Symantec.

Despite the seeming threat posed by Microsoft in the online communications and fax markets back in 1995, the company has not made significant improvements to its communications software; in Windows 95 the fax software was dropped, and it still licenses HyperTerminal from Hilgraeve. However, Microsoft's Internet Explorer would become the dominant Web browser in the years after Cyberjack was released.

Delrina is best remembered by its former employees as an incubator for ideas and for providing industry experience to the many people who would go on to work at subsequent software and hardware companies, many in the Toronto region. A forum exists on Yahoo called "xdelrina", where many former employees of the firm continue to keep in contact with each other.

Annual revenues

• 1989: $5,630,393 CAD
• 1990: $8,759,623
• 1991: $11,894,474
• 1992: $19,208,420
• 1993: $48,583,932

Fiscal year ended June 30^[8]. The majority of the revenue was generated out of the San Jose office, which coordinated retail OEM sales. The Washington, D.C. sales office was responsible primarily for delivering governmental sales.

List of Delrina products

• Electronic Forms Products
• Delrina FormFlow 1.1 — June 1994
• PerForm for Windows 3.0 — November 1994
• Multimedia Products
• Bill 'n' Opus Brain Saver ScreenSaver — September 1993
• The Scott Adams Dilbert Screen Saver Collection — September 1994
• Echo Lake — February 1995
• Online Communications Products
• Delrina Communications Suite (WinComm and WinFax) — March 1993
• WinComm (Standalone) — March 1994
• Cyberjack — December 1995
• CommSuite95 — December 1995
• WinFax PRO
• WinFax 1.0 — 1990
• WinFax PRO 2.0 — 1991
• DosFax — 1992 (DOS)
• WinFax PRO 3.0 — November 1992
• Delrina Fax PRO – 1993 (Macintosh)
• WinFax PRO 4.0 — March 1994
• WinFax Scanner — 1994
• WinFax PRO 7.0 — November 1995
• WinFax PRO released by Symantec
• WinFax PRO 7.5 (bundled with TalkWorks) — October 1996
• WinFax PRO 8.0 (bundled with TalkWorks PRO) — March 1997
• TalkWorks PRO 2.0 — August 1998
• WinFax PRO 9.0 — August 1998
• TalkWorks PRO 3.0 — August 1999
• WinFax PRO 10.0 — February 2000

Footnotes

References

External links

• Review of PerForm PRO, originally published in INPUT, May 1992, accessed November 3, 2005
• "Review: When It Comes To All That Paperwork, Delrina Shows Excellent Form", Network Computing, Rod Fleck. September 1, 1995, accessed December 14, 2005
• Transport Canada's IM/IT Environment 2005, with a current reference to Delrina FormFlow, accessed December 14, 2005
• U.S. Office of Personnel Management Electronic Forms, FormFlow Versions of Standard Forms, July 14, 2000, accessed December 14, 2005
• WinFax PRO 10.0 Product Overview - Symantec Pages as recorded by archive.org. The original link on Symantec's Web site is dead
• WinFax PRO free on-line help forums, accessed April 15, 2007