Demographics of Nepal
Information about Demographics of Nepal
Perched on the southern slopes of the Himalayan Mountains, the Kingdom of Nepal is as ethnically diverse as its terrain of fertile plains, broad valleys, and the highest mountain peaks in the world. The Nepalese are descendants of three major migrations from India, Tibet, and Central Asia.
Among the earliest inhabitants were the Newar of the Kathmandu Valley and aboriginal Tharu in the southern Terai region. The ancestors of the Brahman and Chetri caste groups came from India, while other ethnic groups trace their origins to Central Asia and Tibet, including the Gurung and Magar in the west, Rai and Limbu in the east, and Sherpa and Bhotia in the north.
In the Terai, a part of the Ganges Basin with 20% of the land, much of the population is physically and culturally similar to the Indo-Aryans of northern India. Indo-Aryan and East Asian looking mixed people live in the hill region. The mountainous highlands are sparsely populated. Kathmandu Valley, in the middle hill region, constitutes a small fraction of the nation's area but is the most densely populated, with almost 5% of the population.
Nepal is a multilingual, multireligious and multiethnic society. These data are largely derived from Nepal's 2001 census results published in the Nepal Population Report 2002.
Derived from Sanskrit, Nepali is related to the Indian language Hindi and written in Devanagari script. Nepali is the official, national language and serves as lingua franca among Nepalis of different ethnolinguistic groups. Hindi is also widely spoken, especially in the southern Terai Region. Many Nepalese in government and business also speak English.
The 2001 census identified 80.2% of the population as Hindu and Buddhism was practiced by about 20% of the population (although many people labelled Hindu or Buddhist often practice a syncretic blend of Hinduism, Buddhism or animist traditions). About 2.8% of the population is Muslim and 0.7% of the population follows the indigenous Kirant Mundum religion. Christianity is practiced by less than 0.5% of the population.
Buddhist and Hindu shrines and festivals are respected and celebrated by most Nepalis. Certain animist practices of old indigenous religions survive.
Nepal’s 2001 census enumerated 103 distinct castes and ethnic groups including an "unidentified group". The caste system of Nepal is rooted in the Hindu religion while the ethnic system is rooted in mutually exclusive origin myths, historical mutual seclusion and the occasional state intervention.
The major caste/ethnic groups identified by the 2001 census are Chetri (15.8%), Hill Brahmin (12.7%), Magar (7.1%), Tharu (6.8%), Tamang (5.6%), Newar (5.5%), Muslim (4.3%), Kami (3.9%), Rai (3.9), Gurung (2.8%), and Damai/Dholi (2.4%). The remaining 92 caste/ethnic groups (including the world-famous Sherpa) each constitute less than 2 % of the population [1].
See also: Nepal, Caste
Population: 26,469,569 (July 2003 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 39.7% (male 5,424,396; female 5,080,171)
15-64 years: 56.7% (male 7,692,134; female 7,320,059)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 468,697; female 484,112) (2003 est.)
Median age:
total: 19.7 years
male: 19.6 years
female: 19.9 years (2002)
Population growth rate: 2.17% (2006 est.)
Birth rate: 32.46 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate: 9.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 70.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 72.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 59 years
male: 59.36 years
female: 58.63 years (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.39 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Nepalese
Ethnic groups: Newar, Indian, Tharu, Maithili, Tibetan, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Bhotia, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa
Religions: Hinduism 80.2%, Buddhism 21%, Islam 2.8%, other 1.2% (2006).
note: Only official Hindu state in the world
Languages: Nepali (official; spoken by majority of the male population), about a 90 other languages and major dialects;
note - many in government and business also speak English (1995)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 45.2%
male: 62.7%
female: 27.6% (2003 est.)
People - note: Refugee issue over the presence in Nepal of approximately 96,500 Bhutanese refugees, 90% of whom are in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. Presence and activity of Tibetan refugee population in Nepal also raises sporadic diplomatic conflicts with the People's Republic of China.
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2003 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.
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Among the earliest inhabitants were the Newar of the Kathmandu Valley and aboriginal Tharu in the southern Terai region. The ancestors of the Brahman and Chetri caste groups came from India, while other ethnic groups trace their origins to Central Asia and Tibet, including the Gurung and Magar in the west, Rai and Limbu in the east, and Sherpa and Bhotia in the north.
In the Terai, a part of the Ganges Basin with 20% of the land, much of the population is physically and culturally similar to the Indo-Aryans of northern India. Indo-Aryan and East Asian looking mixed people live in the hill region. The mountainous highlands are sparsely populated. Kathmandu Valley, in the middle hill region, constitutes a small fraction of the nation's area but is the most densely populated, with almost 5% of the population.
Nepal is a multilingual, multireligious and multiethnic society. These data are largely derived from Nepal's 2001 census results published in the Nepal Population Report 2002.
Languages
Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from four major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolian and various indigenous language isolates. According to the 2001 national census, 92 different living languages are spoken in Nepal (a 93rd category was "unidentified"). The major languages of Nepal (percent spoken as mother tongue) are Nepali (49%), Maithili (12%), Bhojpuri (8%), Tharu (6%), Tamang (5%), Newari/Nepal Bhasa (4%), Magar (3%), Awadhi (2%), Bantawa (2%), Limbu (1%), and Bajjika (1%). The remaining 81 languages are each spoken as mother tongue by less than one percent of the population.Derived from Sanskrit, Nepali is related to the Indian language Hindi and written in Devanagari script. Nepali is the official, national language and serves as lingua franca among Nepalis of different ethnolinguistic groups. Hindi is also widely spoken, especially in the southern Terai Region. Many Nepalese in government and business also speak English.
Religion
Religion is important in Nepal; the Kathmandu Valley alone has more than 2,700 religious shrines. The constitution of Nepal describes the country as a "Hindu Kingdom," although it does not establish Hinduism as the state religion. Nepal's constitution continues long-standing legal provisions prohibiting discrimination against other religions and proselytization. On May 19 2006, the government facing a constitutional crisis, the House of Representatives which had been just reformed, having been previously dissolved, declared Nepal a "secular state" Nevertheless, Nepal remained the only officially Hindu country in the world. The king is deified as the earthly manifestation of the Hindu god, Vishnu.The 2001 census identified 80.2% of the population as Hindu and Buddhism was practiced by about 20% of the population (although many people labelled Hindu or Buddhist often practice a syncretic blend of Hinduism, Buddhism or animist traditions). About 2.8% of the population is Muslim and 0.7% of the population follows the indigenous Kirant Mundum religion. Christianity is practiced by less than 0.5% of the population.
Buddhist and Hindu shrines and festivals are respected and celebrated by most Nepalis. Certain animist practices of old indigenous religions survive.
Ethnicity
)
Nepal’s 2001 census enumerated 103 distinct castes and ethnic groups including an "unidentified group". The caste system of Nepal is rooted in the Hindu religion while the ethnic system is rooted in mutually exclusive origin myths, historical mutual seclusion and the occasional state intervention.
The major caste/ethnic groups identified by the 2001 census are Chetri (15.8%), Hill Brahmin (12.7%), Magar (7.1%), Tharu (6.8%), Tamang (5.6%), Newar (5.5%), Muslim (4.3%), Kami (3.9%), Rai (3.9), Gurung (2.8%), and Damai/Dholi (2.4%). The remaining 92 caste/ethnic groups (including the world-famous Sherpa) each constitute less than 2 % of the population [1].
| CASTE OR ETHNIC GROUP | POPULATION | PERCENT OF TOTAL |
|---|---|---|
| Chetri | 3,593,496 | 15.80 |
| Hill-Brahmin | 2,896,477 | 12.74 |
| Magar | 1,622,421 | 7.14 |
| Tharu | 1,533,879 | 6.75 |
| Tamang | 1,282,304 | 5.64 |
| Newar | 1,245,232 | 5.48 |
| Muslim | 971,056 | 4.27 |
| Kami | 895,954 | 3.94 |
| Yadav | 895,423 | 3.94 |
| Rai | 635,151 | 2.79 |
| Gurung | 543,571 | 2.39 |
| Damai/Dholi | 390,305 | 1.72 |
| Limbu | 359,379 | 1.58 |
| Thakuri | 334,120 | 1.47 |
| Sarki | 318,989 | 1.40 |
| Teli | 304,536 | 1.34 |
| Chamar, Harijan, Ram | 269,661 | 1.19 |
| Koiri | 251,274 | 1.11 |
| Kurmi | 212,842 | 0.94 |
| Sanyasi | 199,127 | 0.88 |
| Dhanuk | 188,150 | 0.83 |
| Musahar | 172,434 | 0.76 |
| Dusad/Paswan/Pasi | 158,525 | 0.70 |
| Sherpa | 154,622 | 0.68 |
| Sonar | 145,088 | 0.64 |
| Kewat | 136,953 | 0.60 |
| Terai-Brahmin | 134,496 | 0.59 |
| Baniya | 126,971 | 0.56 |
| Gharti/Bhujel | 117,568 | 0.52 |
| Mallah | 115,986 | 0.51 |
| Kalwar | 115,606 | 0.51 |
| Kumal | 99,389 | 0.44 |
| Hajam/Thakur | 98,169 | 0.43 |
| Kanu | 95,826 | 0.42 |
| Rajbansi | 95,812 | 0.42 |
| Sunuwar | 95,254 | 0.42 |
| Sudhi | 89,846 | 0.40 |
| Lohar | 82,637 | 0.36 |
| Tatma | 76,512 | 0.34 |
| Khatwe | 74,972 | 0.33 |
| Dhobi | 73,413 | 0.32 |
| Majhi | 72,614 | 0.32 |
| Nuniya | 66,873 | 0.29 |
| Kumhar | 54,413 | 0.24 |
| Danuwar | 53,229 | 0.23 |
| Chepang | 52,237 | 0.23 |
| Haluwai | 50,583 | 0.22 |
| Rajput | 48,454 | 0.21 |
| Kayastha | 46,071 | 0.20 |
| Budhae | 45,975 | 0.20 |
| Marwadi | 43,971 | 0.19 |
| Santhal/Satar | 42,698 | 0.19 |
| Dhagar/Jhagar | 41,764 | 0.18 |
| Bantar | 35,839 | 0.16 |
| Barae | 35,434 | 0.16 |
| Kahar | 34,531 | 0.15 |
| Gangai | 31,318 | 0.14 |
| Lodha | 24,738 | 0.11 |
| Rajbhar | 24,263 | 0.11 |
| Thami | 22,999 | 0.10 |
| Dhimal | 19,537 | 0.09 |
| Bhote | 19,261 | 0.08 |
| Bing/Binda | 18,720 | 0.08 |
| Bhediyar/Gaderi | 17,729 | 0.08 |
| Nurang | 17,522 | 0.08 |
| Yakkha | 17,003 | 0.07 |
| Darai | 14,859 | 0.07 |
| Tajpuriya | 13,250 | 0.06 |
| Thakali | 12,973 | 0.06 |
| Chidimar | 12,296 | 0.05 |
| Pahari | 11,505 | 0.05 |
| Mali | 11,390 | 0.05 |
| Bangali | 9,860 | 0.04 |
| Chhantel | 9,814 | 0.04 |
| Dom | 8,931 | 0.04 |
| Kamar | 8,761 | 0.04 |
| Bote | 7,969 | 0.04 |
| Brahmu/Baramu | 7,383 | 0.03 |
| Gaine/Gandarbha | 5,887 | 0.03 |
| Jirel | 5,316 | 0.02 |
| Adivasi/Janajati | 5,259 | 0.02 |
| Duga | 5,169 | 0.02 |
| Churaute | 4,893 | 0.02 |
| Badi | 4,442 | 0.02 |
| Meche | 3,763 | 0.02 |
| Lepcha | 3,660 | 0.02 |
| Halkhor | 3,621 | 0.02 |
| Punjabi/Sikh | 3,054 | 0.01 |
| Kisan | 2,876 | 0.01 |
| Raji | 2,399 | 0.01 |
| Byangsi | 2,103 | 0.01 |
| Hayu | 1,821 | 0.01 |
| Koche | 1,429 | 0.01 |
| Dhunia | 1,231 | 0.01 |
| Walung | 1,148 | 0.01 |
| Jaine | 1,015 | 0.00 |
| Munda | 660 | 0.00 |
| Raute | 658 | 0.00 |
| Yehlmo | 579 | 0.00 |
| Patharkata/Kuswadiya | 552 | 0.00 |
| Kusunda | 164 | 0.00 |
| Dalit/Unidentified | 173,401 | 0.76 |
| Unidentified Caste/Ethnicity | 231,641 | 1.02 |
| NEPAL | 22,736,934 | 100.00 |
See also: Nepal, Caste
Vital statistics
)
Demographics of Nepal, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Age structure:
0-14 years: 39.7% (male 5,424,396; female 5,080,171)
15-64 years: 56.7% (male 7,692,134; female 7,320,059)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 468,697; female 484,112) (2003 est.)
Median age:
total: 19.7 years
male: 19.6 years
female: 19.9 years (2002)
Population growth rate: 2.17% (2006 est.)
Birth rate: 32.46 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate: 9.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 70.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 72.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 59 years
male: 59.36 years
female: 58.63 years (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.39 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Nepalese
Ethnic groups: Newar, Indian, Tharu, Maithili, Tibetan, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Bhotia, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa
Religions: Hinduism 80.2%, Buddhism 21%, Islam 2.8%, other 1.2% (2006).
note: Only official Hindu state in the world
Languages: Nepali (official; spoken by majority of the male population), about a 90 other languages and major dialects;
note - many in government and business also speak English (1995)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 45.2%
male: 62.7%
female: 27.6% (2003 est.)
People - note: Refugee issue over the presence in Nepal of approximately 96,500 Bhutanese refugees, 90% of whom are in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. Presence and activity of Tibetan refugee population in Nepal also raises sporadic diplomatic conflicts with the People's Republic of China.
References
1. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal: Statistical Pocket Book Nepal, 2002
External links
- Nepal Encyclopedia Ethnicity Page
- [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/np.html CIA Fact Book]
Demographics of Asia | |
|---|---|
| Sovereign states and other territories | Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan1 Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China People's Republic of China (Hong Kong • Macau)] Republic of China (Taiwan) Cyprus Egypt1 Georgia1 India Indonesia1 Iran Iraq Israel (see also Palestinian territories) Japan Jordan Kazakhstan1 Korea (North Korea South Korea) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia1 Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor)1 Turkey1 Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen1 |
| 1Transcontinental nations | |
Ethnic groups in Asia | |
|---|---|
| Sovereign states and other territories | Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan1 Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China People's Republic of China (Hong Kong • Macau)] Republic of China (Taiwan) Cyprus Egypt1 Georgia1 India Indonesia1 Iran Iraq Israel (see also Palestinian territories) Japan Jordan Kazakhstan1 Korea (North Korea South Korea) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia1 Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor)1 Turkey1 Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen1 |
| 1Transcontinental nations | |
Himalayas (also Himalaya, Hindi: हिमालय, IPA pronunciation: [hɪ'mɑlijə], [ˌhɪmə'leɪjə]
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Motto
जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी (Sanskrit)
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जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी (Sanskrit)
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Tibet (see Name section below for other spellings) is a Plateau region in Central Asia and the indigenous home to the Tibetan people. With an average elevation of 4,900 metres (16,000 ft), it is the highest region on Earth and is commonly referred to as the "Roof of the World.
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Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. Though various definitions of its exact composition exist, no one definition is universally accepted. Despite this uncertainty in defining borders, it does have some important overall characteristics.
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Newa (Nepal Bhasa:नेवाः Newa or Newah, Old Nepal Bhasa:नेवार Newar, नेवाल Newal) are the indigenous people of Nepal's Kathmandu Valley.
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The Tharu people are indigenous people living in the Terai plains on the border of Nepal and India. The population of Nepal is 28,287,147 (July 2006 est.), of which the Tharu people make up 6.6%.
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Tarai ("moist land") is a belt of marshy grasslands, savannas, and forests at the base of the Himalaya range in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, from the Yamuna River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east.
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Schools
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Schools of Vedanta
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Gurung is an ethnic group from the Central region of Nepal. They live primarily in West Nepal’s Gandaki zone, specifically Lamjung, Kaski, Tanahu, Gorkha, Parbat and Syangja districts as well as the Manang district around the Annapurna mountain range.
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Magar is a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group of Nepal and northern India whose homeland extends from the western and southern edges of the Dhaulagiri section of the high Himalayas range south to the prominent Mahabharat foothill range and eastward into the Gandaki basin.
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Rai, also known as the Khambu, is one of Nepal’s most ancient indigenous ethnolinguistic groups. The Rai belong to the Kiranti group or the Kirat confederation that includes the Limbu and the Sunuwar ethnic groups.
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Limbu (meaning: archer) or Yakthumba(in Limbu language) are an ethnic group that belong to the Kiranti group or Kirat confederation that includes the Rai and Sunuwar who are believed to be the descendants of the ancient Mongolian people and are still known as "Mongolians" in Nepal.
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Sherpa are an ethnic group from the most mountainous region of Nepal, high in the Himalaya. In Tibetan shar means East; pa is a suffix meaning 'people': hence the word sharpa or Sherpa.
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Bhutias are people of Tibetan origin, who migrated to Sikkim, other parts of India and Bhutan some time after the 15th century. They migrated through the different passes ("La" in Tibetan) in the Himalayas. Geographical denotations in the names of Bhutias' last names is common.
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Ganges (Ganga)
Countries | India,Bangladesh
Major cities |
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The Ganges at Haridwar
Countries | India,Bangladesh
Major cities |
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A drainage basin is a region of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, dam, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean. The drainage basin includes both the streams and rivers that convey the water as well as the land surfaces from
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Indo-Aryans are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as speakers of the Indo-Aryan (Indic/Indian) branch of the family of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages.
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East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. Geographically, it covers about 12,000,000 km², or about 28% of the Asian continent and about 15% bigger than the area of Europe. More than 1.
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multilingualism can refer to an occurrence regarding an individual speaker who uses two or more languages, a community of speakers where two or more languages are used, or between speakers of different languages.
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Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. The term "Indic" refers to the same group without what some see as the negative connotations of "Aryan".
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The Mongolian language (монгол хэл, mongol khel) is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia, where
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An indigenous language or autochthonous language is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous peoples. This language would be from a linguistically distinct community that has been settled in the area for many generations.
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Nepali}}}
Writing system: Devanagari script
Official status
Official language of: Nepal, Sikkim (India)
Regulated by: Language Academy of Nepal
Language codes
ISO 639-1: ne
ISO 639-2: nep
ISO 639-3: nep
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Writing system: Devanagari script
Official status
Official language of: Nepal, Sikkim (India)
Regulated by: Language Academy of Nepal
Language codes
ISO 639-1: ne
ISO 639-2: nep
ISO 639-3: nep
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Maithili (मैथिली Maithilī) is a language of the family of Indo-Aryan languages, which are part of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Bhojpuri}}}
Writing system: Devanagari, Kaithi
Language codes
ISO 639-1: bh
ISO 639-2: bho
ISO 639-3: bho
Bhojpuri (
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Writing system: Devanagari, Kaithi
Language codes
ISO 639-1: bh
ISO 639-2: bho
ISO 639-3: bho
Bhojpuri (
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The Tharu people are indigenous people living in the Terai plains on the border of Nepal and India. The population of Nepal is 28,287,147 (July 2006 est.), of which the Tharu people make up 6.6%.
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