• Anasayfa
• Türkçe Forum
• Türkçe

• Home
• Biograpies
• Countries
• Medicine
• Business
• Computing
• Education
• Geography
• History
• Law
• Literature
• Music
• Politics
• Sport
• Maps

Dynasties of Pharaohs in Ancient Egypt

Predynastic Egypt

Protodynastic Period

Early Dynastic Period

1st 2nd

Old Kingdom

3rd 4th 5th 6th

First Intermediate Period

7th 8th 9th 10th

11th (Thebes only)

Middle Kingdom

11th (''All Egypt)

12th 13th 14th

Second Intermediate Period

15th 16th 17th

New Kingdom

18th 19th 20th

Third Intermediate Period

21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th

First Persian Period

Late Period

28th 29th 30th

Second Persian Period

Graeco-Roman Period

Alexander the Great

Ptolemaic Dynasty

Roman Egypt

Arab Conquest

The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only) Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, First Intermediate Period.

Rulers

The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties are a little-known line of kings (pharaohs) during a confusing time in the history of Egypt. Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties are as follows:

Seventh Dynasty^[1]

Nomen	Prenomen	Comments
-	Netjerkare?	This person is possibly Nitocris, and if so would belong in the sixth dynasty.
-	Menkare	-
-	Neferkare II	-
Nebi	Neferkare Neby	-
-	Djedkare Shemai	-
-	Neferkare Khendu	-
-	Merenhor	-
Seneferka	Neferkamin	-
-	Nikare	-
-	Neferkare Tereru	-
-	Neferkahor	-

Eighth Dynasty^[1]

Nomen	Prenomen	Comments
-	Neferkare Pepiseneb	-
-	Neferkamin Anu
Iby	Qakare Ibi	Turin Canon gives rule of two years, one month, one day[2]
-	Neferkaure II	Turin Canon gives rule of four years, two months[3]
Khwiwihepu	Neferkauhor	Turin Canon gives rule of two years, one month, one day[4]
-	Neferirkare	Turin Canon gives a reign of one and a half years[5]	-

Sources

Manetho

The three sources which provide our knowledge on this period is exceedingly difficult to work with. Manetho's full history does not survive intact, but is known through other writers who quoted from it. Unfortunately, the two ancient historians who quote from this section, Sextus Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea, provide inconsistent accounts of both dynasties. Africanus claims that the Seventh dynasty consisted of 70 kings that ruled during a period of seventy days in Memphis, and the Eighth consisted of 27 kings who reigned for 146 years. However, Eusebius records that during the Seventh Dynasty five kings ruled over seventy five days, and the Eighth includes five kings who ruled for 100 years. Seventy kings in seventy days is usually considered the correct version of Manetho, but obviously not the actual correct dates. This epithet is interpreted to mean that the pharaohs of this period were extremely ephemeral, and the use of seventy may be a pun on fact that this was Manetho's seventh dynasty.^[6] The fact that Manetho does not provide actual historical data on this period is interpreted by many as meaning that the seventh dynasty is fictitious.

The Turin Canon of Kings and Abydos King List

Two Egyptian documents record the names of the kings of Egypt, however they do not divide them into dynasties. Kings 42 to 56 on the Abydos King List come between the end of the Sixth Dynasty and the beginning of the Eleventh, and do not appear to be from the Ninth or Tenth Dynasties either.^[7] The Turin Canon is heavily damaged, and cannot be read without much difficulty. However, the fragment containing what is believed to be the name of Nitocris has two mangled names and a third name on it which is clearly that of Qakare Ibi, the 53rd king on the Abydos King List. There seems to be room for two more kings before the end of the dynasty.^[8] This would indicate that the missing parts of the Turin Papyrus probably contained the kings in the 51st to 55th registers of the Abydos King List. Because the Turin papyrus omits the first nine kings on the Abydos list, W.C. Hayes thinks it reasonable that the Egyptians may have divided the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties at this point.^[9][10]

Decline into chaos

Given that five names of the kings from this period have Pepi II's throne name Neferkare in their own names, they may have been descendants of the Sixth Dynasty, who were trying to hold on to some sort of power.^[11] Some of the acts of the final four Eighth Dynasty kings are recorded in their decrees to Shemay, a vizier during this period, however only Qakare Ibi can connected to any monumental construction. His pyramid has been found at Saqarra near Pepi II and continues to have the pyramid texts written on the walls.^[12]

However many kings there actually were, it is clear that during this time period a breakdown of the central authority of Egypt was underway. The rulers of these dynasties were based in Memphis; with the exception of the final Eighth Dynasty kings, all that is known of most of these rulers is their names. This group of kings was eventually overthrown by a rival group, the Ninth Dynasty, based in Herakleopolis Magna.

References