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European Renaissance Literature

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Renaissance literature refers to European literature usually considered to be initiated by Petrarch at the beginning of the Italian Renaissance, and sometimes taken to continue to the English Renaissance and into the seventeenth century. The impact of the Renaissance varied across the continent: countries where Catholicism and emergent Protestantism were, or became, dominant experienced the Renaissance in a different manner to areas where the Orthodox Church was the dominant culture and those areas of Europe under Islamic rule.

The creation of the printing press encouraged authors to write in the local vernacular rather than in the classical languages of Greek and Latin, widening the reading audience and promoting the spread of Renaissance ideas.

Some famous authors of the literary movement of the Renaissance are Dante (writer of Divine Comedy), Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Erasmus (who compiled the Textus Receptus), Sir Thomas More (writer of Utopia), Boccaccio, Machiavelli, Castiglione, Montaigne, Cervantes, Luís de Camões and Shakespeare.

National literatures

Renaissance In Poland, Mikołaj Rej popularized the use of Polish language in poetry, and Jan Kochanowski perfected Polish poetic language and became recognized as the most eminent Slavic poet until the beginning of the 19th century. The general tone of Polish literature was set by the nobility, who propagated their own ideals of material and spiritual values. Thus poems extolled the virtue of manor life and importance of agriculture: for example Rej celebrated the life and occupation of the country's nobility, while Kochanowski wrote about the pleasures and beauty of country lives and nature.

In Dutch literature classic names are: Vondel, Hooft, Cats and Huijgens.

In Croatian literature Marko Marulić, Marin Držić, Hanibal Lucić, Dinko Zlatarić, Petar Zoranić.

In Czech literature, Jan Amos Komenský.

Hungarian literature flourished under the reign of King Matthias (1458–1490). Janus Pannonius, although writing in Latin, counts as one of the most important persons in Hungarian literature, being the only significant Hungarian Humanist poet of the period. The first printing house was also founded during Matthias' reign, by András Hess, in Buda. The first book printed in Hungary was the Chronica Hungarorum. But when most of Hungary fell under Ottoman occupation in 1526, various cultural changes occurred. The most important poets of the period were Bálint Balassi (1554–1594) and Miklós Zrínyi (1620–1664). Balassi's poetry shows Mediaeval influences, his poems can be divided into three sections:love poems, war poems and religious poems. Zrínyi's most significant work, the epic Szigeti veszedelem ("The Peril of Sziget",written in 1648/49) is written in a fashion similar to The Iliad, and recounts the heroic Battle of Szigetvár, where his great-grandfather died while defending the castle of Szigetvár.

In early 16th century Scotland, Gavin Douglas produced a Scots translation of the Aeneid. Chaucerian, classical and French literary language continued to influence Scots literature up until the Reformation. Writers such as Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, and David Lyndsay led a golden age of Scottish literature in the 15th and early 16th centuries. George Bannatyne collected many poems of the Middle Scots period.

The Decameron, the short story collection by the Italian author Boccaccio - with its frame tale of nobles fleeing the plague and telling each other stories - had an enormous impact on French writers. The French Renaissance is dominated by the short story (under various names: "conte", a tale; "nouvelle", a short story like the Italian novella; "devis" and "propos", a spoken discussion; "histoire", a story). Around Joachim Du Bellay, Pierre de Ronsard and Jean Antoine de Baïf there formed a group of radical young noble poets of the court (generally known today as La Pléiade). The character of their literary program was given in Du Bellay's manifesto, the "Defense and Illustration of the French Language" (1549) which maintained that French (like the Tuscan of Petrarch and Dante) was a worthy language for literary expression and which promulgated a programme of linguistic and literary production (including the imitation of Latin and Greek genres) and purification.

In Catalan literature, a Golden Age existed under Alfons V of Aragon in the 15th century. His encouragement of Renaissance ideas and the brilliance of his court, especially after his conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, laid the foundations for writers to flourish. Ausiàs March was one of the first Catalan and Valencian poets to use Valencian. He was an undisguised follower of Petrarch, carrying the imitation to such a point that he addressed his Cants d'amor to a lady whom he professesd to have seen first in church on Good Friday. The success of his innovation no doubt encouraged Boscán to introduce Italian metres into Castilian. His verses were transmitted in manuscript tradition until their first print edition in Catalan in 1543, but they had already become known through the Castilian translation published by Baltasar de Romani in 1539. Tirant lo Blanc, written by the Valencian knight Joanot Martorell, finished by Martí Joan De Galba and published in Valencia in 1490, is an epic romance and one of the key works in the evolution of the Western novel. I know

Genres

The literary movement produced Latin and vernacular poetry, history, and prose fiction inspired by classical models. A humanistic curriculum dominated grammar schools and expanded its position into almost all of the universities of the time.

For the period, as with The Canterbury Tales and the Decameron, part of the attraction of the dialogued short story and the frame tale (with its fictional speakers discussing each other's stories) lies in their "performability" by someone reading out loud to a non-literate public and in their grab-bag and (frequently) digressive structure: these tales are capable of taking on all kinds of material, both sophisticated and vulgar.

New forms spread by the Renaissance included the sonnet.

See also

Renaissance (French for "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento; Spanish: Renacimiento), was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.
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Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, in which there was a conscious revival and development of certain elements of Classical Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
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Renaissance dances belong to the broad group of historical dances.

While we know that people danced in Europe long before the Renaissance, the first detailed dance manuals that survive today were written in 1450 and 1455 in Italy.
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Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 to 1600. Defining the beginning of the era is difficult, given the lack of abrupt shifts in musical thinking during the 15th century.
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Early Renaissance painting bridges the period of European art history between the art of the Middle Ages and the art of the Renaissance.

Two regions of Europe party active artistically during this period were Italy, initially, and later northern Europe (essentially Flanders).
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See also:
Eastern philosophy
Indian philosophy
Iranian philosophy
Chinese philosophy
Korean philosophy
Christian philosophy
Islamic philosophy
Jewish philosophy

Renaissance philosophy
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Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution. More recently, Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: a Scientific Renaissance
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For the hedge fund management company, see .


Renaissance technology is the set of European artifacts and customs, spanning roughly the 14th through the 16th century.
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Gunpowder warfare is associated with the start of the widespread use of gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive. It was first invented in China and then later spread to the Middle East.
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The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in northern Italy in the fourteenth
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French Renaissance is a recent term used to describe a cultural and artistic movement in France from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in northern Italy in the
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The German Renaissance, which originated with the Italian Renaissance in Italy, started spreading among German thinkers in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was a result of German artists who had traveled to Italy to learn more and become inspired by the Renaissance
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The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
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The Renaissance in the Netherlands coincides with a very turbulent period in the region. In 1500 the Seventeen Provinces were in a personal union under the Burgundian Dukes, and with the Flemish cities as centers of gravity, culturally and economically formed one of the
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The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. Before 1450 the Italian Renaissance had almost no influence outside Italy.
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The Renaissance in Poland (Polish: Odrodzenie, literally 'Rebirth') lasted from the late 15th century to the late 16th century and is widely considered to be the Golden Age of Polish culture.
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Spanish Renaissance refers to a movement in Spain, originating from the Italian Renaissance in Italy, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries. These are some of the most important writers and artists in Spanish Renaissance:

Literature


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European literature refers to the literature of Europe.

European literature includes literature in many languages; among the most important are English literature, Spanish literature, French literature, Polish literature, German literature, Italian literature, Greek
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Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet, and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often popularly called the "father of humanism".
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The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
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The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in northern Italy in the fourteenth
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th Century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700 in the Gregorian calendar.

The 17th Century falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement and the beginning of
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printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring an image. The systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the goldsmith Johann Gutenberg in the 1430s.
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Vernacular refers to the native language of a country or locality. In general linguistics, it is used to describe local languages as opposed to linguae francae, official standards or global languages. It is sometimes applied to nonstandard dialects of a global language.
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A classical language, is a language with a literature that is "classical"—ie, "it should be ancient, it should be an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own, not as an offshoot of another tradition, and it must have a large and extremely rich body of ancient
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Greek}}} 
Writing system: Greek alphabet 
Official status
Official language of:  Greece
 Cyprus
 European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
 European Union
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Regulated by:
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Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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DANTE (Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe) is a not-for-profit organisation that plans, builds and operates the international networks that interconnect the various National Research and Education Networks in Europe and surrounding regions.
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The Divine Comedy (Italian: Commedia, later christened "Divina" by Giovanni Boccaccio), written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian
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