Somdetch Brhat-Anya Fa Ladhuraniya Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Maharaja Brhat Rajadharana Sri Chudhana Negara better known as
Fa Ngum (
1316 –
1393, born in
Muang Sua, died in
Nan) established the Lao kingdom of
Lan Xang in
1354.
Fa Ngum was a grandson of Souvanna Khamphong, ruler of
Xieng Dong Xieng Thong and descendant of
Khun Lo. As a child he was exiled to the court of
Angkor along with his father where he eventually married a
Khmer Princess. It is believed that his father was sent to Angkor due to his seduction of a concubine tied to Souvanna Khamphong.
Between
1350-
1351 historical sources
[1] indicate that Fa Ngum was able to raise an army of an estimated 10,000 soldiers which would travel with him from Angkor into areas now covered by present Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia.
He conquered
Nghe An and
Vinh as well as the Red and
Black River valleys in
Vietnam and modern day Isan in Thailand. In 1352-1354, he conquered Muang Sing, Muang Huom, Xieng Hung, Pak Ou and Pak Beng. In 1353, he fought the ultimate battle against his uncle near Xieng Dong Xieng Thong and won, becoming the undisputed master of the land, which he named
Lan Xang.
In
1373, the royals and notables of his own court exiled him. His son Un Heuan (often called
Samsenethai) then ascended to the throne of Lan Xang.
Fa Ngum introduced
Theravada Buddhism into the area.
Comments:
Un Heuan took the name SamSenThai (300,000 Thai - named for the population) after ousting his father.
Fa Ngum's second wife was a princess of Ayuttaya (Siam, now Thailand). She took Siamese monks and
ministers with her to help establish Lan Xiang (Lan Chiang - Million Elephants).
She was instrumental in having Un Heua and her minister oust Fa Ngum and it is recorded that Lan Xiang
then began paying fealty taxes to Ayuttaya. It is interesting to note that Mongols were invading from
the North, when Angkor decided to send an Army to counter the threat. As luck would have it, there was
a prince (fa Ngum) with knowledge of the area and he was assigned a General of that Army. An Army which
he then used to subdue his relatives and create Lan Xiang. In the initial phase of his campaigns, Angkor
(Khmer Empire) collapsed, likely from Bubonic Plague, during which Fa Ngum's first wife died.
Note:
Most of the 'Outer Indian City States' collapsed during the same quarter century, likely for the same
reason; plague from China brought in by ship.
Michael Weldon
Udon Thani, Thailand
dighambara@hotmail.com
See also
monarch (see sovereignty) is a type of ruler or head of state. Monarchs almost always inherit their titles and are rulers for life; that is, they have no term limit. Historically monarchs have been more or less absolute rulers.
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The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang or Lan Ch'ang (Pali: Sisattanakhanahut, Lao: ລ້ານຊ້າງ lâansâang, from Sinitic
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1354 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1354
MCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita 2107
Armenian calendar 803
ԹՎ ՊԳ
Bah' calendar -490 – -489
Buddhist calendar 1898
..... Click the link for more information.
13rd century - 14th century - 15th century
1360s 1370s 1380s - 1390s - 1400s 1410s 1420s
1390 1391 1392 - 1393 - 1394 1395 1396
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
1316 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1316
MCCCXVI
Ab urbe condita 2069
Armenian calendar 765
ԹՎ ՉԿԵ
Bah' calendar -528 – -527
Buddhist calendar 1860
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Muang Sua was the name of Luang Phrabang following its conquest in 698 by a Tai prince, Khun Lo, who seized his opportunity when the king of Nanzhao was engaged elsewhere. Khun Lo had been awarded the town by his father, Khun Borom, who is associated with the Lao legend of the
..... Click the link for more information.
13rd century - 14th century - 15th century
1360s 1370s 1380s - 1390s - 1400s 1410s 1420s
1390 1391 1392 - 1393 - 1394 1395 1396
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Nan or
NAN may refer to one of the following.
Acronym
- NaN, "Not a Number" used in computer arithmetic and defined in the IEEE floating-point standard.
..... Click the link for more information. Samsenethai (also called Un Heuan) was the second king of Lan Xang, the son of Fa Ngum, whom he succeeded.
He ruled from 1373 until 1416. The origin of the name Samsenethai is thought to be a reflection of the political and social upheaval occurring within the area at
..... Click the link for more information.
1316 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1316
MCCCXVI
Ab urbe condita 2069
Armenian calendar 765
ԹՎ ՉԿԵ
Bah' calendar -528 – -527
Buddhist calendar 1860
..... Click the link for more information.
13rd century - 14th century - 15th century
1360s 1370s 1380s - 1390s - 1400s 1410s 1420s
1390 1391 1392 - 1393 - 1394 1395 1396
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Muang Sua was the name of Luang Phrabang following its conquest in 698 by a Tai prince, Khun Lo, who seized his opportunity when the king of Nanzhao was engaged elsewhere. Khun Lo had been awarded the town by his father, Khun Borom, who is associated with the Lao legend of the
..... Click the link for more information.
Nan or
NAN may refer to one of the following.
Acronym
- NaN, "Not a Number" used in computer arithmetic and defined in the IEEE floating-point standard.
..... Click the link for more information. The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang or Lan Ch'ang (Pali: Sisattanakhanahut, Lao: ລ້ານຊ້າງ lâansâang, from Sinitic
..... Click the link for more information.
1354 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1354
MCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita 2107
Armenian calendar 803
ԹՎ ՊԳ
Bah' calendar -490 – -489
Buddhist calendar 1898
..... Click the link for more information.
State Party Lao People's Democratic Republic
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv, v
Reference 479
Region Asia-Pacific
Inscription History
Inscription 1995 (19th Session)
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Khun Lo was the eldest of the sons of Khun Borom and first of the Lao kings. The royal families of Laos trace their lineage to him.
He died in 780 and was succeeded by Khun Sung.
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State PartyThe template is . Please use instead.
This usage is deprecated. Please replace it with .
'''The template is deprecated. Please use instead.
..... Click the link for more information. Khmer people are the predominant ethnic group in Cambodia, accounting for approximately 90% of the 13.9 million people in the country. Part of the larger Mon-Khmer ethnolinguistic peoples found throughout Southeast Asia, they speak the Khmer language.
..... Click the link for more information.
1350 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1350
MCCCL
Ab urbe condita 2103
Armenian calendar 799
ԹՎ ՉՂԹ
Bah' calendar -494 – -493
Buddhist calendar 1894
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1351 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1351
MCCCLI
Ab urbe condita 2104
Armenian calendar 800
ԹՎ Պ
Bah' calendar -493 – -492
Buddhist calendar 1895
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Nghệ An ( pronunciation (help info ) ; Hán Tự: ) is the largest province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam.
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Vinh pronunciation (help info ) is a city in Vietnam. It is located in the northern half of the country, and is the capital of Nghệ An Province.
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The Black River (also known as the Da River, sông Đà in Vietnamese) is a river located in Northwest Vietnam that forms the border between the Lai Châu and Điện Biên Provinces. It is a major tributary of Red River.
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Motto
Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc
"Independence - Freedom - Happiness"
Anthem
Tiến Quân Ca
"Army March" (first verse)
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The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang or Lan Ch'ang (Pali: Sisattanakhanahut, Lao: ລ້ານຊ້າງ lâansâang, from Sinitic
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1373 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1373
MCCCLXXIII
Ab urbe condita 2126
Armenian calendar 822
ԹՎ ՊԻԲ
Bah' calendar -471 – -470
Buddhist calendar 1917
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Samsenethai (also called Un Heuan) was the second king of Lan Xang, the son of Fa Ngum, whom he succeeded.
He ruled from 1373 until 1416. The origin of the name Samsenethai is thought to be a reflection of the political and social upheaval occurring within the area at
..... Click the link for more information.
Theravada (Pāli: theravāda; Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद sthaviravāda; literally, "the Way of the Elders") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant
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Buddhism is often described as a religion[1] and a collection of various philosophies, based initially on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as Gautama Buddha.
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