facultative anaerobe

Information about facultative anaerobe

A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation. In contrast, obligate anaerobes die in presence of oxygen.

Some examples of Facultative anaerobic bacteria are the Staphylococci (Gram positive), Corynebacterium (Gram positive), and Listeria (Gram positive). Organisms in the Kingdom Fungi can also be facultative anaerobic, such as yeasts.

Factors influencing the switch are the concentrations of oxygen and fermentable material in the environment. In brewer's yeast, the Pasteur shift is the observed cessation of oxygen consumption when fermentable sugar is supplied. In a growing culture, the energy "economics" disfavors respiration due to the "overhead cost" of producing the apparatus, as long as sufficient fermentable substrate is available, even though the energy output per mole of fermented material is far less than from respiration's complete oxidation of the same substrate.

See also

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Plantae
  • Chromalveolata
  • Heterokontophyta
  • Haptophyta
  • Cryptophyta
  • Alveolata

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    • Bacteria

    Phyla

    Actinobacteria
    Aquificae
    Chlamydiae
    Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi
    Chloroflexi
    Chrysiogenetes
    Cyanobacteria
    Deferribacteres
    Deinococcus-Thermus
    Dictyoglomi
    Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria
    Firmicutes
    Fusobacteria
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    Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide that is most important as a "molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer. In this role, ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
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    Cellular respiration describes the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in a cell or across the cell membrane to obtain biochemical energy from fuel molecules and the release of the cells' waste products.
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    2, −1
    (neutral oxide)
    Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
    Ionization energies
    (more) 1st: 1313.9 kJmol−1
    2nd: 3388.3 kJmol−1
    3rd: 5300.5 kJmol−1

    Atomic radius 60 pm
    Atomic radius (calc.
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    Fermentation is a process of energy production in a cell under anaerobic conditions (with no oxygen required). In common usage fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration, however a more strict definition exists which defines fermentation as respiration under anaerobic
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    anaerobic organism is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.
    • Obligate anaerobes will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen.
    • Facultative anaerobes can use oxygen when it is present.

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    Staphylococcus
    Rosenbach 1884

    Species

    S. afermentans
    S. aureus
    S. auricularis
    S. capitis
    S. caprae
    S. cohnii
    S. epidermidis
    S. felis
    S.
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    Gram-positive bacteria are those that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram stain process.[1] Gram-positive bacteria appear blue or violet under a microscope, while Gram-negative bacteria appear red or pink.
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    Corynebacteriaceae

    Genus: Corynebacterium
    Lehmann & Neumann 1896

    Species

    See text.
    Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped actinobacteria.
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    Gram-positive bacteria are those that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram stain process.[1] Gram-positive bacteria appear blue or violet under a microscope, while Gram-negative bacteria appear red or pink.
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    Listeria is a bacterial genus containing six species. Named in honour of Joseph Lister, Listeria species are Gram positive bacilli and are typified by L. monocytogenes, the causative agent of Listeriosis.
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    kingdom or regnum is a taxon in either (historically) the highest rank, or (in the new three-domain system) the rank below domain. Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called phyla (or in some contexts these are called "divisions").
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    Eukarya
    Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
    (unranked) Opisthokonta

    Kingdom: Fungi
    (L., 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980[1]

    Subkingdom/Phyla

    Chytridiomycota
    Blastocladiomycota

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    Ascomycota (sac fungi)
    • Saccharomycotina (true yeasts)
    • Taphrinomycotina
    • Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts)
    Basidiomycota (club fungi)
    • Urediniomycetes

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    Ascomycota (sac fungi)
    • Saccharomycotina (true yeasts)
    • Taphrinomycotina
    • Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts)
    Basidiomycota (club fungi)
    • Urediniomycetes

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    Cellular respiration describes the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in a cell or across the cell membrane to obtain biochemical energy from fuel molecules and the release of the cells' waste products.
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    The factual accuracy of part of this article is disputed.
    The dispute is about Lactic acid fermentation.
    Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page .
    ..... Click the link for more information.

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