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Fausta

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Fausta, as Salus, holding her two sons, Constantine II and Constantius II.
Fausta Flavia Maxima, Roman Empress, (289-326A.D.) She was the daughter of the Roman Emperor Maximianus. To seal the alliance between them for control of the Tetrarchy, Maximianus married her to Constantine I in 307. Constantine and Fausta had been betrothed since 293.

Fausta had a part in her father's downfall. In 310 Maximian died as a consequence of an assassination plot against Constantine. Maximian decided to involve his daughter Fausta, but she revealed the plot to her husband, and the assassination was disrupted. Maximian died, by suicide or by assassination, in July of that same year.

Empress Fausta was held in high esteem by Constantine and proof of his favour was that in 323 she was proclaimed Augusta, previously she held the title of Nobilissima Femina. However 3 years later Fausta was put to death by Constantine. Although the real reasons are not clear, Constantine put her to death following the execution of Crispus, his eldest son by a previous marriage to Minervina, in 326. According to the ancient sources, she accused Crispus of rape, and Constantine had Crispus executed. Fausta was later executed when her charge was discovered to be false. Modern commentators have tended to ignore the allegation of rape and to seek some other explanation for what happened. It has often been argued that Fausta wanted to get rid of Crispus who was a dangerous rival for her sons in the competition to succeed Constantine. The Emperor ordered the damnatio memoriae of his wife. Significantly her sons once in power never revoked this order.

Her sons became Roman Emperors: Constantine II reigned 337 - 340, Constantius II reigned 337 - 361, and Constans reigned 337 - 350. She also bore three daughters Constantina, Helena and Fausta. Of these, Constantina married her cousins, firstly Hannibalianus and secondly Constantius Gallus, and Helena married Emperor Julian. Apparently a genealogical claim that her daughter Fausta became mother of Emperor Valentinian I is without foundation (Valentinian I and children of Constantine I's second marriage were born in years close to each other, i.e they were of the same generation).

Bibliography

J.W. Drijvers, 'Flavia Maxima Fausta: Some Remarks', Historia 41 (1992) 500- 506.

D. Woods, ‘On the Death of the Empress Fausta’, Greece & Rome 45 (1998), 70-86.

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Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (from about 27 BC onwards). The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin titles such as imperator (from which English Emperor derives), augustus, caesar and
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Maximian
Caesar then Augustus of the west

Coin featuring Maximian
Reign 285-6 (as Caesar under Diocletian);
1 March 286 - 1 May 305 (as Augustus of the west, with Diocletian as Augustus in the east)
306 and 310 (declared himself Augustus)

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Tetrarchy (Greek: "leadership of four people") can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals but is rarely used. The most famous Tetrarchy is that instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 and lasted until c. 313.
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Constantine I
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Head of Constantine's colossal statue at the Capitoline Museums
Reign 306 - 312 (hailed as Augustus in the West, officially made Caesar by Galerius with Severus as Augustus, by agreement with Maximian, refused
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4th century · 5th century
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304 305 306 307 308 309 310
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3rd century - 4th century
260s  270s  280s  - 290s -  300s  310s  320s
290 291 292 - 293 - 294 295 296
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Flavius Julius Crispus, also known as Flavius Claudius Crispus and Flavius Valerius Crispus was a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was the first-born son of Constantine I and Minervina.

Life account

Birth

Crispus' year and place of birth are uncertain.
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Minervina was the wife or mistress of Constantine. She had one son, Crispus. When Constantine wanted to strengthen his bonds with the Tetrarchs, he set apart Minervina and married Fausta, daughter of Maximian.
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Damnatio memoriae is the Latin phrase literally meaning "damnation of memory", in the sense of removed from the remembrance. It was a form of dishonor that could be passed by the Roman Senate upon traitors or others who brought discredit to the Roman State.
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Constantius II
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Constantius II coin, celebrating
his 15th year of reign.
Reign 1) Caesar under his father
2) full co-emperor 337 - November 3 361 with Constans and Constantine II (and in competition with others)

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4th century · 5th century
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Constans
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Bronze coin bearing the
profile of Constans
Reign 337 - 350, joint with Constantius II and Constantine II, then only with Constantius II
Full name Flavius Julius Constans
Born 320
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4th century · 5th century
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334 335 336 337 338 339 340
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Constantina (also named Constantia and Constantiana; b. after 307/before 317 - d. 354) was the eldest daughter of Roman Emperor Constantine I and his second wife Fausta, daughter of Emperor Maximian.
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Flavius Hannibalianus (also Hanniballianus; d. September 337) was a member of the Constantinian dynasty, which ruled over the Roman Empire in the 4th century.

Hannibalianus was the son of Flavius Dalmatius, and thus nephew of Constantine I.
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Constantius Gallus
Caesar of the Roman Empire

Gallus coin celebrating Rome and Constantinople.
Reign 15 March 351 - 354 (Caesar of the east under Constantius II)
Full name Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus

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Julian, also spelt Julien, is a common given name in the British Isles and elsewhere in Europe, mostly to males but valid as a female name. It is from the same root as Julius and thus ultimately shares the Latin element related to the meaning "sky", as the name Jove and
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Valentinian I
Emperor of the Western Roman Empire

Medallion of Valentinian I
Reign 26 February - 28 March 364 (alone);
26 March 364 - 17 November 375 (emperor of the west, with his brother emperor in the east)
Full name
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