Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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RIB can mean:

• Rigid-hulled inflatable boat
• Romanian International Bank
• Routing Information Base

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This article is about the bones called ribs. For other meanings, see rib (disambiguation).

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sternum (from Greek στέρνον, sternon, "chest" and hebrew pronounced "Shamokin" also meaning chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest).
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diaphragm is a sheet of muscle extending across the bottom of the ribcage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration.
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Giovanni Battista Morgagni (February 25, 1682 – December 6, 1771), Italian anatomist, was born on at Forlì and he is celebrated as the father of the modern anatomical pathology.
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 Q 79.0
ICD-9 756.6

OMIM 142340 222400
DiseasesDB 32489
MedlinePlus 001135
eMedicine ped/2603   Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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Who Named It? is an English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though this is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliographies.
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GPnotebook is a British medical database for general practitioners (GPs).^[1] It is an online encyclopaedia of medicine that provides an immediate reference resource for clinicians worldwide. The database consists of over 30,000 pages of information.
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Loyola University Chicago is a private co-educational religious-affiliated university established in Chicago in 1870 as Saint Ignatius College. It was founded by the Roman Catholic religious order of the Society of Jesus and bears the name of the Jesuit patron, Saint Ignatius of
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Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.^[1] It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.^[1]
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Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs. It is sometimes referred to as the trunk. The torso includes the thorax and abdomen.
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thorax is a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen.

In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs. It extends from the neck to the diaphragm, not including the upper limbs.
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The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
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The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural space which lies between the manubrium sterni in front, and the upper thoracic vertebrae behind.

Boundaries

It is bounded:

• below

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The anterior mediastinum exists only on the left side where the left pleura diverges from the mid-sternal line.

It is narrow, above, but widens out a little below.

Boundaries

It is bounded:

• in front by the sternum
• laterally

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The middle mediastinum is the broadest part of the interpleural space.

Contents

It contains:

• the heart enclosed in the pericardium
• the ascending aorta
• the lower half of the superior vena cava with the azygos vein opening into it

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The posterior mediastinum is an irregular triangular space running parallel with the vertebral column.

Boundaries

It is bounded:

• anteriorally by the pericardium (in front of)
• inferiorally by the thoracic surface of the diaphragm (below).

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superior thoracic aperture refers to the superior opening of the thoracic cavity. It is also referred to anatomically as the thoracic inlet and clinically as the thoracic outlet.
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The inferior thoracic aperture is much larger than the superior thoracic aperture. It is closed by the diaphragm, which separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

The inferior thoracic aperture is bounded by:

• the 12th thoracic vertebra,

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The triangle of ausculation is situated behind the scapula.

It is bounded above by the Trapezius, below by the Latissimus dorsi, and laterally by the vertebral border of the scapula; the floor is partly formed by the Rhomboideus major.
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The intercostal space is the space between two ribs (Lat. costa). Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces.

Importance of intercostal space

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The thoracic plane is a plane used to divide the mediastinum into a superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum.

This plane runs through the level of the sternal angle, (which is the joint between the manubrium and body of the sternum), between the intervertebral disc of
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The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the human body (and other animal bodies) that is protected by the thoracic wall (thoracic cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia).
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thoracic cage is a bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic cavity and supports the pectoral (shoulder) girdle. It is comprised of the 12 pairs of ribs, sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae.
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diaphragm is a sheet of muscle extending across the bottom of the ribcage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration.
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The caval opening is a hiatus in the diaphragm of humans through which passes the inferior vena cava, the wall of which is adherent to the margins of the opening, and some branches of the right phrenic nerve.
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In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is a hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. It is located in the right crus of the diaphragm.

It is located approximately at level of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10).
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The aortic hiatus is a hole in the human diaphragm through which the aorta and thoracic duct passes from the thorax into the abdomen. It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures.

It is located approximately at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12).
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The central tendon of the diaphragm is a thin but strong aponeurosis situated near the center of the vault formed by the muscle, but somewhat closer to the front than to the back of the thorax, so that the posterior muscular fibers are longer.
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The crura of the diaphragm (singular=crus) are tendinous structures that extend downward from the diaphragm to attach to the vertebral column.

Structure

At their origins the crura
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