Fornix of brain

Information about Fornix of brain

Brain:
Diagram of the fornix. Right=anterior
Scheme of rhinencephalon.
subject #189 838
NeuroNameshier-250
MeSH Fornix+(Brain)
The fornix is also the name of part of the cervix (fornix vaginae).


The fornix (Latin, "vault" or "arch") is a C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei.

The fibres begin in the hippocampus on each side of the brain (where they are also known as the fimbria); the separate left and right side are each called the crus of the fornix. The bundles of fibres come together in the midline of the brain, forming the body of the fornix. The inferior edge of the septum pellucidum (a membrane that separates the two lateral ventricles) is attached to the upper face of the fornix body.

The body of the fornix travels anteriorly and divides again near the anterior commissure. The left and right parts reseparate, but there is also an anterior/posterior divergence. The posterior fibres (called the postcommissural fornix) of each side continue through the hypothalamus to the mammillary bodies; then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus which maps to cingulate cortex. The anterior fibers (precommissural fornix) end at the septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens of each half of the brain.

Development

When the body is formed from the two crura (sing. crus), there is a small number of fibres that cross over to the other side at what is called the hippocampal commissure. Most fibres stay on their original side.

Additional images


Velum interpositum.

Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane.

Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle.

Coronal section of lateral and third ventricles.

Central part and anterior and posterior cornua of lateral ventricles exposed from above.

Tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and the choroid plexus of the left lateral ventricle, exposed from above.

Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisternæ.


External links

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Brain: telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres)
Primary sulci/fissuresMedial longitudinal, Lateral, Central, Parietoccipital, Calcarine, Cingulate, Callosal Collateral fissure
Frontal lobePrecentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex, 4), Precentral sulcus, Superior frontal gyrus/Frontal eye fields (6, 8, 9), Middle frontal gyrus (46), Inferior frontal gyrus (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis), Orbitofrontal cortex (10, 11, 12, 47)
Parietal lobeSomatosensory cortex (Primary (1, 2, 3, 43), Secondary (5)), Precuneus (7m), Parietal lobules (Superior (7l), Inferior (40)), Angular gyrus (39), Intraparietal sulcus, Marginal sulcus
Occipital lobePrimary visual cortex (17), Cuneus, Lingual gyrus, 18, 19 - Lateral occipital sulcus
Temporal lobePrimary auditory cortex (41, 42), Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22), Middle temporal gyrus (21), Inferior temporal gyrus (20), Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (Amygdala, Hippocampus, Parahippocampal gyrus (27, 28, 34, 35, 36)
Cingulate cortex/gyrusSubgenual area (25), anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), Posterior cingulate (23, 31), Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30), Supracallosal gyrus
white matter tractsCorpus callosum (Splenium, Genu, Rostrum, Tapetum), Septum pellucidum, Ependyma, Internal capsule, Corona radiata, External capsule, Olfactory tract, Fornix (Commissure of fornix), Anterior commissure, Posterior commissure Terminal stria
Basal gangliaStriatum (Putamen,Caudate nucleus, Nucleus accumbens), Globus pallidus, Claustrum, Subthalamic nucleus, Substantia nigra
OtherInsular cortex Olfactory bulb, Anterior olfactory nucleus Septal nuclei Basal optic nucleus of Meynert
Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.
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White matter fibers
Association fibers (Uncinate fasciculus, Cingulum, Superior longitudinal fasciculus/Arcuate fasciculus, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, Fornix) Commissural fibers (Corpus callosum, Anterior commissure, Posterior commissure, Commissure of fornix) Projection fibers
Fornix ("arch") can refer to:
  • Fornix of brain
  • Fornix vaginae

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In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon is a part of the brain involved with olfaction.

Some references classify other areas of the brain related to perception of smell as rhinencephalon, but the areas of human brains that receive fibers strictly from the olfactory
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NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque brain.

It is maintained by the University of Washington and is a part of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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The cervix (from Latin "neck") is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall.
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posterior fornix is the larger recess, behind the cervix. It is close to the rectouterine pouch.
  • There are two smaller recesses in front and at the sides:
  • the anterior fornix is close to the vesicouterine pouch.
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    • axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.

    Anatomy


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    In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    The hippocampus is a part of the forebrain, located in the medial temporal lobe. It forms a part of the limbic system and plays a part in memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain.
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    The mammillary bodies are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain, that form part of the limbic system. They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix, and are named mammillary for their resemblance to two breasts.
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    The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula,
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    The septum pellucidum (also called the septum lucidum) is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane that separates the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles.
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    The ventricular system is a set of structures in the brain continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

    Components

    The system comprises four ventricles:
    • right and left lateral ventricles
    • third ventricle
    • fourth ventricle

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    The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
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    The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus, (from Greek ὑποθαλαμος = under the thalamus) is located below the thalamus, just above the brain stem.
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    The mammillary bodies are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain, that form part of the limbic system. They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix, and are named mammillary for their resemblance to two breasts.
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus.

    Inputs and outputs

    They receive efferents from the mammillary bodies and subiculum, and project to the cingulate gyrus.
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    The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly.

    History

    Cingulum means belt in Latin.
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    The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula,
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus leaning against the septum), is a collection of neurons within the forebrain, located where the head of the caudate and the anterior
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    BrainMaps is an NIH-funded interactive zoomable high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope that is based on more than 20 million megapixels (50 terabytes) of scanned images of serial sections of both primate and non-primate brains and that is integrated with a
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    Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
    ..... Click the link for more information.
    The telencephalon (IPA: /tɛlɛnˈsɛfəlɑn/) is the name for the forebrain, a large region within the brain to which many functions are attributed.
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    cerebral cortex is a structure within the vertebrate brain with distinct structural and functional properties. In non-living, preserved brains, the outermost layers of the cerebrum has a grey color, hence the name "grey matter".
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    cerebral hemisphere (hemispherium cerebrale) is defined as one of the two regions of the brain that are delineated by the body's median plane. The brain can thus be described as being divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres.
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    A sulcus (pronounced with a hard c) (pl. sulci) is a depression or fissure in the surface of an organ, especially the brain.

    Examples of sulci

    In the brain

    See Sulcus (neuroanatomy)

    Elsewhere

    • sulcus arteriæ vertebralis

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    The medial longitudinal fissure (or longitudinal cerebral fissure, or longitudinal fissure, or interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain.
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    The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain. It divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below.
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    The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando.
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