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General Certificate Of Education

The General Certificate of Education or GCE is a secondary-level academic qualification, which was used in Britain and continues to be used in some former British colonies. It is often divided into two levels: Ordinary level (O-level) (replaced in 1986 by the GCSE in certain countries) and Advanced level (A-Level), although other categories exist. Since 1999 when it was introduced, the Advanced Subsidiary level (AS-level) has also come into wider use. The qualifications are administered by examination boards.

History

The GCE was originally introduced in England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1951, replacing the older School Certificate (SC) and Higher School Certificate (HSC). It was intended to cater for the increased range of subjects available to pupils since the raising of the school leaving age from 14 to 15 in 1947. The examinations were graded into ordinary level for 16-year-olds, and advanced level for 18-year-olds. There was also an intermediate level alternative ordinary level (AO-level) and a higher special paper (S-level).

O-level passes were at Grades 1 through 6, with Grades 7 through 9 being a fail. Later this was changed to A, B and C passing grades. Grades D, E and U (Unclassified) were a fail. A-levels were graded A-E with "U" (ungraded), being a fail.

O-level

See Also Ordinary Level

In 1988, O-level qualifications were replaced by a new system, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). This meant that the final O-level examinations were taken in 1987, while the curriculum for the new system was introduced in 1986. However the O-level is still used in many former British colonies, such as Bangladesh, Ghana, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malta, Mauritius, Trinidad and Tobago and some parts of Britain continued to use O-levels for some time after 1988.

The Cambridge International Examinations board still offers O-level examinations. International GCE O-levels are offered across many countries in the world through the University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE), and Edexcel Examination board. GCE O-Levels are offered across around 200+ countries in the world, and in June 2005, 12 million candidates registered for CIE examinations across the world.

Worldwide use

Increasingly in Singapore, students who perform well in school are given the option to bypass the O-levels, and take the A-levels instead at the age of 18, in a scheme dubbed the integrated programme (also known as the through-train programme).

In Malta, the British examinations are still very popular, though their popularity has been in decline since the introduction of a similar examination scheme by the University of Malta.

In Hong Kong, students wishing to attend university in the United Kingdom usually take the British examinations in addition to Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) and Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE), despite the equivalent agreement between the two sets of examinations, for grades attained in the British examination tend to be better. The English Schools Foundation in Hong Kong runs schools that follow the British patterned education, and students take GCSE in Years 10–11 and AS/A Level exams in Years 12–13, although the schools are transitioning to the IB Diploma.

In many Asian countries like India and Nepal A-Levels are becoming more and more popular as opposed to the traditional 10 plus 2s which worked instead of the A-Levels. The main reason for the increasing popularity of A-Levels in economic poor countries is the emigrating youth to Western European and North American countries.

Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka GCE(O/L) and GCE(A/L) examinations are conducted by the examinations department of the government of Sri Lanka. The GCE(O/L) is normally conducted in the month of December and GCE (A/L)s are conducted in the month of August. They are conducted on an islandwide examination centers on same time. Examination entrance is restricted by a minimal number of formal school going years and laboratory field work. The majority of candidates enter the exams via their respective schools, while candidates who finished schools can also apply as a private candidates.

The O/L examination is regarded as the qualification examination for starting on GCE(A/L). Specialization streaming is depended on the grades obtained for subjects in the O/L. The country's reputed schools admit students to their A/L depending on the O/L grades.

The Sri Lankan University Grants commission determines the cutoff points for the selection of students to the Sri Lankan universities according to the grade points obtained in the A/L examinations, on a Z-score system.[1]

See also

References

1. ^ The University Admissions Policy For Local Candidates. UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION - SRI LANKA.. UGC. Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
The O-level (Ordinary Level) was a General Certificate of Education qualification in the United Kingdom. It was a level lower than the GCE A levels, which are still available in Further Education colleges.
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The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in the United Kingdom, usually taken by students during the optional final two years of secondary school (Years 12 & 13, commonly called the Sixth Form), or at a separate sixth form
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An examination board is an organization that sets examinations and is responsible for marking them and distributing results. As such, examination boards have the power to award qualifications to students (such as SAT scores). Most exam boards are run as not-for-profit organizations.
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England and Wales are both constituent countries of the United Kingdom, that together share a single legal system: English law. Legislatively, England and Wales are treated as a single unit (see State (law)) for the conflict of laws.
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The Union Flag is the official flag used by the government to represent Northern Ireland. The former official flag, the Ulster Banner, continues to be used by groups (such as some sports teams) representing the territory in an unofficial manner (see Northern Ireland flags issue).
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The Higher School Certificate(HSC) was a United Kingdom educational attainment standard qualification, established in 1918 by the Secondary Schools Examination Council (SSEC).
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The O-level (Ordinary Level) was a General Certificate of Education qualification in the United Kingdom. It was a level lower than the GCE A levels, which are still available in Further Education colleges.
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General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is the name of a set of British qualifications, taken by secondary school students at age of 14-16 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (in Scotland, the equivalent is the Standard Grade).
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Anthem
Amar Shonar Bangla
My Golden Bengal


Capital
(and largest city) Dhaka

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Motto
اتحاد، تنظيم، يقين محکم
Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam   (Urdu)
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Anthem
"Sri Lanka Matha"
Music   (help info ) , Singing   (help info )
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Anthem
L-Innu Malti
("The Maltese Anthem")

Location of  

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Motto
"Stella Clavisque Maris Indici"   (Latin)
"Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"
Anthem
Motherland
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Motto
"Together we aspire, together we achieve"
Anthem
Forged From The Love of Liberty


Capital Port of Spain

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University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) is a provider of international qualifications for students between the ages of 14 and 19. As part of Cambridge Assessment (which will celebrate its 150th anniversary in 2008) and is associated with the University of
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CIE is an acronym which can stand for:
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Edexcel is a London-based for-profit company and one of England, Wales and Northern Ireland's five main examination boards. The others are AQA, OCR, the WJEC and the CCEA. Its name is a portmanteau word derived from the words "educational" and "excellence".
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Anthem
L-Innu Malti
("The Maltese Anthem")

Location of  

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The University of Malta (Maltese L-Università ta' Malta) is the highest educational institution in Malta. It offers undergraduate Bachelor's Degrees, which last between three and five years, and postgraduate Master's Degrees that last two years full-time.
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Anthem
March of the Volunteers[1]



Capital None[2]
Largest district (population) Sha Tin District
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The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE, 香港中學會考) is a standardized examination which most local students sit for at the end of their 5-year secondary education.
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The Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE, 香港高級程度會考), or more commonly known as the A-level, conducted by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA), is normally taken by senior students
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This page is currently protected from editing until disputes have been resolved.
Protection is not an endorsement of the current [ version] ([ protection log]).
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Motto
जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी   (Sanskrit)
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Anthem
"Sri Lanka Matha"
Music   (help info ) , Singing   (help info )
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standard score, also called the z-score or normal score, is a dimensionless quantity derived by subtracting the population mean from an individual raw score and then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation.
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The Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) was a former English school leaving qualification which was available along with the GCE "O" Levels between the period from 1965 to 1987.
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The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in the United Kingdom, usually taken by students during the optional final two years of secondary school (Years 12 & 13, commonly called the Sixth Form), or at a separate sixth form
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