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Ghazni

Coordinates:
Ghazni

Ghazni
ProvinceGhazni
Coordinates
Population (2006)[1]141000
Area
Time zone Kabul
Ghazni City (Persian: غزنی - Ğaznī) is a city in eastern Afghanistan, with an approximate population of 141,000 people. It is the capital of Ghazni Province, situated on a plateau at 7,280 feet (2,219 m) above sea level. It is linked by highways with Qalat to the south-west, Kabul to the northeast and Gardez to the east.[2] The population of Ghazni City is multicultural and multi-ethnic, with approximately 50% Tajiks, 25% Pashtuns, 20% Hazaras, and a small number (5%) of Hindus.[3]

Ghazna and Ghaznīn are the old names for Ghazni.

History

Enlarge picture
The minaret of Ghazni, built by Bahram Shah during the Ghaznavids
Ghazni City was a thriving Buddhist center before and during the 7th Century AD. In 683 AD, Arab armies brought Islam to the nearby regions.Yaqub Saffari from Zaranj reigned over the vast region. After the city was rebuilt by Yaqub’s brother, it became the dazzling capital of the Ghaznavid Empire from 994 to 1160, encompassing much of northern India, Persia and Central Asia. Many iconoclastic campaigns were launched from Ghazni into India. The Ghaznavids took Islam to India and returned with fabulous riches taken from both prince and temple god. Contemporary visitors and residents at Ghazni write with wonder of the ornateness of the buildings, the great libraries, the sumptuousness of the court ceremonies and of the wealth of precious objects owned by Ghazni’s citizens.

The city was sacked in 1151 by the Ghorid Ala'uddin but then made into their secondary capital from 1173. It again flourished but only to be permanently devastated, this time in 1221 by the Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by his son Ögedei Khan.[4]

Ghazni City is famous for its minarets built on a stellar plan. They date from the middle of the twelfth century and are the surviving element of the mosque of Bahramshah. Their sides are decorated with geometric patterns. Upper sections of the minarets have been damaged or destroyed. The most important mausoleum located in Ghazni City is that of Sultan Mahmud's. Others include the Tombs of poets and scientists, for example the Tomb of Al Biruni. The only ruins in Old Ghazni retaining a semblance of architectural form are two towers, about 43 m (140 ft) high and some 365 m (1,200 ft) apart. According to inscriptions, the towers were constructed by Mahmud of Ghazni and his son.

In the 1960s a 15-meter female Buddha was discovered lying on its back and surrounded by empty pillars that once held rows of smaller male Buddhas. Parts of the female Buddha have been stolen. In the 1980s a mud brick shelter was created to protect the sculpture, but the wood supports were stolen for firewood and the shelter partially collapsed.

During the First Anglo-Afghan War, the city was stormed and taken over by the British forces on July 23, 1839 in the Battle of Ghazni. The Afghan Civil War and the continued conflict between the Taliban and the Afghan Northern Alliance during the 1990s put the relics of Ghazni in jeopardy. The Taliban placed Fazl Uddin in charge of protecting the artifacts.

Ghazni’s strategic position, both economically and militarily, assured its revival, albeit without its dazzling former grandeur. Through the centuries the city figures prominently as the all important key to the possession of Kabul.

Water

Ghazni City is located in an area of extreme drought.[5] Recently, one of the gates on a fifty-year-old dam on the Jikhai River broke, bringing up concerns among the inhabitants of Ghazni city about the water supply. The dam serves as a good source of irrigation water to Ghazni City and the surrounding agricultural areas.[6] Nearby dams have a history of flooding and causing severe damage and death.[7] Efforts have begun to remedy this situation.[8]

Places to see

Notables from Ghazna

See also

References and footnotes

1. ^ Central Statistics Office of Afghanistan, Kabul, LINK
2. ^ Geography. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
3. ^ District Profile. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
4. ^ Ghazni. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press.
5. ^ Geography. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
6. ^ Ghazni's Zanakhan Dam damaged. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
7. ^ River Dam burst swamps Ghazni city of Afghanistan. Pakistan Times. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
8. ^ Ghazni. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.

External links




Twelve largest cities of Afghanistan by population
Kabul Kandahar Herat Mazari Sharif Qunduz Taluqan Puli Khumri Jalalabad Charikar Sheberghan Ghazni Sari Pul
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Afghanistan

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Politics of Afghanistan


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Ghazni (Persian: غزنى) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the east of the country. Its capital is Ghazni City. The province lies on the important Kabul to Kandahar road, and has historically functioned as an important trade
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fɒːɾˈsiː in Perso-Arabic script (Nasta`liq style):  
Pronunciation: [fɒːɾˈsiː]
Spoken in: Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and areas of Uzbekistan and Pakistan.
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Ghazni (Persian: غزنى) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the east of the country. Its capital is Ghazni City. The province lies on the important Kabul to Kandahar road, and has historically functioned as an important trade
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Qalat

Coordinates:
Province Zabul
Coordinates
Population (2006)[1] 9900

Area
Time zone Kabul

Qalat
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Kabul

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Province Kabul
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Population (2005)[1]
2994000 (1st)
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Gardez

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Province Paktia
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Population (2007)[1] 111747

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Time zone Kabul

Gardēz
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multiculturalism is used to describe the recognition of cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a particular social space.

Some countries have official, or de jure, multiculturalism policies aimed at preserving different cultures or cultural identities
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Tājīk (Persian: تاجيک; UniPers: Tâjik; Tajik: Тоҷик
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Hazara are an ethnic group who reside mainly in the central region of Afghanistan, called Hazarajat or Hazaristan. They are predominantly Shia Muslims and speak the Hazaragi dialect of the Persian language.
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Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari (840-879) (Persian: یعقوب لیث صفاری
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Zaranj

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Province Nimruz
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Population 70000

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Time zone Kabul

Zaranj
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