The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a political party in the New Zealand parliament. It focuses firstly on environmentalism, arguing that all other aspects of humanity will cease to be of concern if there is no environment to sustain it. Left-wing economics, progressive social policies, participatory democracy, and non-violence make up the balance of its platform.

The party is currently co-lead by MP Jeanette Fitzsimons and Russel Norman who is outside Parliament. The party has both a male and female co-leader. The male co-leader position was vacant following the November 2005 death of Rod Donald until the 2006 annual general meeting when Norman was elected using the alternative vote system by party delegates from electorates around the country.

Policies

Part of the Politics series on Green politics

Topics

Green movement Green party List of Green topics

Organizations

Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe

Principles

Four Pillars Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence sustainability respect diversity

•  • [ e]

The Greens generally focus primarily on environmental issues. In recent times, they have expressed particular concerns about the release of genetically engineered organisms, which they have sought to oppose. They have also spoken out against the military operations conducted by the United States of America and other countries in Afghanistan and Iraq.

In its economic policies, the Green Party stresses factors such as sustainability, taxing the indirect costs of pollution, and "fair trade". It also states that measuring economic success should concentrate on measuring well-being rather than analysing economic indicators.

Charter

The following forms the English-language section of the charter (the founding document) of The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.

The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand accepts Te Tiriti o Waitangi as the founding document of Aotearoa New Zealand; recognises Māori as Tāngata Whenua in Aotearoa New Zealand; and commits to the following four Principles:

Ecological Wisdom:

The basis of ecological wisdom is that human beings are part of the natural world. This world is finite, therefore unlimited material growth is impossible. Ecological sustainability is paramount.

Social Responsibility:

Unlimited material growth is impossible. Therefore the key to social responsibility is the just distribution of social and natural resources, both locally and globally.

Appropriate Decision-making:

For the implementation of ecological wisdom and social responsibility, decisions will be made directly at the appropriate level by those affected.

Non-Violence:

Non-violent conflict resolution is the process by which ecological wisdom, social responsibility and appropriate decision making will be implemented. This principle applies at all levels.

History

Foundations

The Green Party often traces its origins to the Values Party, considered the world's first national-level environmentalist party. The Values Party originated in 1972 at Victoria University of Wellington. While it gained a measure of public support, it failed to win any seats in parliament: the then electoral system made it difficult for smaller parties to gain representation. Because of this problem, throughout the late 1970s and 1980s the Values Party went through a process of transition or rebirth, eventually evolving into the Greens. Some of the foundation members of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, notably Jeanette Fitzsimons, Rod Donald and Mike Ward, had been active members of the Values Party during the spawning of the New Zealand and international Green movement in 1970s.

Formation

In 1990, however, the Values Party merged with a number of other environmentalist organizations to form the modern Green Party. This sparked a resurgence of support, with the new group winning 6.85% of the vote in the 1990 election (although it still gained no seats).

The Alliance years

The following year, the Greens became co-founder members of the Alliance, a group of left-wing parties that gathered together around Jim Anderton's NewLabour Party. The Greens contested the 1993 and 1996 elections as part of the Alliance. With the adoption of the MMP electoral system, the Alliance gained entry to parliament - the Alliance MPs elected in 1996 included three members of the Green Party - Jeanette Fitzsimons, Rod Donald and Phillida Bunkle.

In 1997, feeling that membership of the Alliance had subsumed their identity, the Greens took the decision to stand candidates independently of the Alliance at the next election. While most of the Green party members left the Alliance, some decided instead to leave the Green Party and stay in the Alliance (notably MP Phillida Bunkle). Conversely, some of the Alliance party members who joined the Alliance via other parties decided to leave the Alliance and join the Green Party (notably Sue Bradford and Keith Locke, who both joined the Alliance via NewLabour).

Green Party in Parliament

In the 1999 election, the Greens gained seven seats in parliament, after surpassing 5% of the vote, ensuring that the MMP electoral system would grant the party seats in parliament. The party's co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons, also won the electorate seat of Coromandel, believed to be a world-first in a first-past-the-post national electorate seat. Both these achievements only occurred after the counting of special votes, so the Greens had a 10-day wait before officials could confirm their election to Parliament. Perhaps because of this, the centre-left government established by Labour and the Alliance did not invite the Greens to join it, but gained Green Party support on some issues in return for some input into the government budget. The Greens developed a good working relationship with the government and also had some input into government legislation, notably Sue Bradford's amendments to the ERC legislation.

In the 2002 election, the Greens managed to increase their strength in parliament to nine seats, although they lost the Coromandel electorate. The electoral campaign featured strong tensions between the Greens and Labour. The Greens sharply criticised Labour for its plans to allow a moratorium on genetic engineering to expire, and believing that Labour would require their support to form a government, intended to make the extension of this moratorium a non-negotiable part of any deal. After the election, however, Labour and their coalition partner, the Jim Anderton-led Progressive Coalition, opted to rely on support from United Future, a party with strong Christian overtones, shutting the Greens out of power.

Although the Greens no longer had any input into the budget, they maintained a close working relationship with the government, and the Greens remained involved in the legislation process. Often the government needed to rely on Green votes in the House to pass legislation not approved by United Future, a conservative family-values party. The government won praise from political commentators for juggling the two diametrically-opposed parties.

While the moratorium on genetic modification has now expired, the Greens remain heavily involved in attempts to prevent any GM releases under the new regulatory framework, and genetic engineering remains a major topic for the party.

In 2005, the Greens again polled over the 5% threshold to be represented in Parliament, and again were excluded from the Government formed by Labour, due to a refusal by United Future and NZ First to support any government which put Greens into cabinet posts. However the negotiated Government-Greens co-operation agreement once again provides for Green input into the budget, and the two Green co-leaders were appointed as the official government spokespeople on Energy Efficiency (Fitzsimons) and Buy Kiwi Made (Donald).

After Donald's death the day before Parliament was due to sit, Nandor Tanczos took up the vacant list position. The position of government spokesperson on Buy Kiwi Made was filled by Sue Bradford. The co-leader position was vacant until a new co-leader, Russel Norman was elected at their 2006 annual general meeting. The other contenders for the position were Nandor Tanczos, David Clendon and Mike Ward (former MP).

Public perception

The Green Party engenders strong opinions from different sections of society.

In June 2006, the Green Party was the target of Paul Holmes' breakfast show, where he said that the Green Party was the party of "the hippies, the Morris dancers, the square dancers, the anti-Americans, the nuclear ships fanatics, the fascists of greenness, the far-left, the remnants of the alliance, anti-free traders, apologists for Mao, communist sympathisers, the enemies of science and the rabid, irrational anti-GM movement". Mike Seville, a square dancer, put a complaint forward to the Broadcasting Standards Authority stating that Holmes' statement was untrue because in the 30 years of square dancing he had not met a square dancer who had supported the Green Party. The broadcaster, TRN, said the comment was "delivered in a humorous, sometimes satirical, fashion". The BSA agreed in their ruling, they said the comment did not breach good taste and decency and was not degrading.[1]

The Child Discipline Bill (introduced by Green's member Sue Bradford) to outlaw the legal defence of "reasonable force" when disciplining children, has led to widespread debate as to appropriate parenting techniques. The bill, which sets out to eliminate an often abused defence against charges of assault against children, has been the subject of much debate and it has been named by the media as the "anti-smacking bill". The effect of this has been polarizing, but the divisions do not follow the usual political fault lines.

Office holders

Co-leaders

• Jeanette Fitzsimons (1995-present)
• Russel Norman (2006-present)
• Rod Donald (1995-2005)

Co-convenors

Equivalent to the organisational president of other parties. The Green Party constitution prohibits the co-convenors from standing for parliament.

• Roland Sapsford (2006-present)
• Karen Davies (2005-present)
• Paul de Spa (2004-2006)
• Catherine Delahunty (2003-2005)
• David Clendon (2001-2004)

Members of Parliament

• Jeanette Fitzsimons (1996-present)
• Rod Donald (1996-2005)
• Phillida Bunkle (1996-1997, stayed with the Alliance when the Greens left)
• Sue Bradford (1999-present)
• Nandor Tanczos (1999-present)
• Sue Kedgley (1999-present)
• Keith Locke (1999-present)
• Ian Ewen-Street (1999-2005)
• Metiria Turei (2002-present)
• Mike Ward (2002-2005)

See also

• Greens Party's Caucus and Greens MPs' responsibilities

External links

• Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand official website
• Green Party Charter official website
• Green Party Policy official website
• Green Party Parliamentary Achievements and Budget Initiatives official website
• Green Party History official website

•  • [ e] Political parties in New Zealand
Parliamentary parties	ACT - Greens - Labour - Māori - National - New Zealand First - Progressives - United Future
Other parties	Alliance - Democrats - Destiny - Direct Democracy - Equal Values - Family Rights Protection - Freedom - Legalise Cannabis - Libertarianz - National Front - One New Zealand - Outdoor Recreation - Republic of New Zealand - Socialist Workers - Te Tawharau - Workers - World Socialists

•  • [ e] Green Parties
Africa	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa
Americas	Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, United States
Asia-Pacific	Australia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Mongolia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Polynesia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vanuatu
Europe (EGP, FYEG)	Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium (Flanders and Brussels), Belgium (Wallonia and Brussels), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark (the Greens), Denmark (Socialist People's Party), England and Wales (Wales), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands (The Greens), Netherlands (GreenLeft), Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania (Ecologist Party), Romania (Green Party), Russia, Scotland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Spain (Catalonia), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine
Italic links indicate observers or non-members of the Global Greens.