Türkçe ansiklopedi, sözlük, genel başvuru ve bilgi sitesi   
  		  Yardım
  Rastgele    

H. Rider Haggard

Henry Rider Haggard

Pseudonym:H. Rider Haggard
Born:May 22 1856(1856--)
Norfolk, England
Died:May 14 1925 (aged 70)
London, England
Occupation:Novelist, scholar
Nationality:British
Writing period:19th & 20th century
Genres:Adventure ; Fantasy ; Fables ; Romance ; Science Fiction ; History
Subjects:Africa
Debut works:Dawn (1884)
Allan Quatermain Series
Ayesha Series
Influences:Robert Louis Stevenson ; Rudyard Kipling
Influenced:Edgar Rice Burroughs, C.S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Carl Jung, Joseph Conrad
Website:[1] (Rider Haggard Society)


Sir Henry Rider Haggard KBE (June 22, 1856 – May 14, 1925), born in Norfolk, England, was a Victorian writer of adventure novels set in exotic locations.

Biography

Henry Rider Haggard was born at Bradenham, Norfolk, to Sir William Meybohm Rider Haggard, a barrister, and Ella Doveton, an author and poet. He was the eighth of ten children. He was initially sent to Garsington Rectory in Oxfordshire to study under the Reverend H.J. Graham but, unlike his older brothers who graduated from various Public Schools, he ended up attending Ipswich Grammar School[1]. This was because his father, who regarded him as somebody who was not going to amount to much, could no longer afford to maintain his expensive private education. After failing his army entrance exam he was sent to a private ‘crammer’ in London to prepare for the entrance exam for the British Foreign Office[1], which in the end he never sat.

Instead Haggard’s father sent him to Africa in an unpaid position as assistant to the secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor of Natal, Sir Henry Bulwer. It was in this role that Haggard was present in Pretoria for the official announcement of the British annexation of the Boer Republic of the Transvaal. In fact, Haggard raised the Union Flag and was forced to read out much of the proclamation following the loss of voice of the official originally entrusted with the duty[3].

As a young man, Haggard fell deeply in love with Lilith Jackson, whom he intended to marry once he obtained paid employment in South Africa. In 1878 he became Registrar of the High Court in the Transvaal, but when he sent his father a letter telling him that he intended to return to England in order to marry Lilith Jackson his father replied that he forbade it until he had made a career for himself. In 1879 he heard that Lilith had married someone else. When he eventually returned to England he married a friend of his sister, Mariana Louisa Margitson and brought her back to Africa. Later they had a son named Jock (who died of measles at the age of 10) and three daughters, Angela, Dorothy and the youngest, Lilias, who became an author. She edited The Rabbit Skin Cap, and more importantly, wrote a biography of her father entitled The Cloak That I Left.

Returning again to England in 1882, the couple settled in Ditchingham, Norfolk. Later he lived in Kessingland and had connections with the church in Bungay, Suffolk. He turned to the study of law and was called to the bar in 1884. His practice of law was somewhat desultory, and much of his time was taken up by the writing of novels. Heavily influenced by the larger-than-life adventurers he met in Colonial Africa, most notably Frederick Selous and Frederick Russell Burnham, the great mineral wealth discovered in Africa, and the ruins of ancient lost civilizations in Africa such as Great Zimbabwe, Haggard created his Allan Quatermain adventures.[4][5] Three of his books, The Wizard (1896), Elissa; the doom of Zimbabwe (1899), and Black Heart and White Heart; a Zulu idyll (1900) are dedicated to Burnham's daughter, Nada, the first white child born in Bulawayo, herself named after Haggard's 1892 book: Nada the Lily.[6]

Years later, when Haggard was a successful novelist, he was contacted by his former love, Lilith Jackson. She had been deserted by her husband, who had left her penniless and infected her with syphilis, from which she eventually died. It was Haggard who paid her medical bills. These details were not generally known until the publication of Haggard's 1983 biography by D. S. Higgins.

Haggard was heavily involved in agricultural reform and was a member of many Commissions on land use and related affairs, work that involved several trips to the Colonies and Dominions. He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1912, and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919. He stood unsuccessfully for parliament as a candidate for the Conservative Party.

Writing career

While his novels contain many of the attitudes common to British colonialism, they are unusual for the degree of sympathy with which he often treats the native populations. Africans often serve heroic roles in his novels, though the protagonists are typically, though not invariably, European. A notable example is Ignosi, the rightful king of Kukuanaland in King Solomon's Mines. Having developed an intense mutual friendship with the three Englishmen who help him reclaim his throne, he accepts their advice and abolishes witch hunts and arbitrary capital punishment.

Haggard is most famous as the author of the best-selling novel King Solomon's Mines, as well as many others such as She, Ayesha (sequel to She), Allan Quatermain (sequel to King Solomon's Mines), and the epic Viking romance, Eric Brighteyes.

Though Haggard is no longer as popular as he was when his works appeared, his books are still read with enjoyment today. Moreover, Ayesha, the female protagonist of She, has been cited as a prototype by both Sigmund Freud in The Interpretation of Dreams and by Carl Jung. Allan Quatermain, the hero of King Solomon's Mines and its sequel Allan Quatermain have influenced the American film character Indiana Jones, featured in the films Raiders of the Lost Ark, the Temple of Doom and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Haggard's Lost World genre influenced the popular American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs. Quatermain has gained popularity thanks to being a main character in League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.

Haggard also wrote about agricultural and social issues reform, in part inspired by his experiences in Africa, but also based on what he saw in Europe.

Chronology of works

Publication dates unknown

Allan Quatermain series

Ayesha Series

See also

References

1. ^ Butts, Dennis; H. Rider Haggard [2006]. "Introduction and Chronology", in Dennis Butts: King Solomon’s Mines (in English). Oxford University Press, vii-xxviii. 
2. ^ Butts, Dennis; H. Rider Haggard [2006]. "Introduction and Chronology", in Dennis Butts: King Solomon’s Mines (in English). Oxford University Press, vii-xxviii. 
3. ^ Pakenham, T. (1992) The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876-1912, Avon Books, New York. ISBN-10 0380719991.
4. ^ Mandiringana, E.; T. J. Stapleton (1998). "The Literary Legacy of Frederick Courteney Selous". History in Africa 25: 199-218. doi:10.2307/3172188. 
5. ^ Pearson, Edmund Lester. Theodore Roosevelt], Chapter XI: The Lion Hunter] (HTML) (English). Humanities Web. Retrieved on 2006-12-18.
6. ^ Haggard, H. Rider [1926]. The Days of My Life Volume II (txt) (in English). Retrieved on 2006-12-17. 

External links

Persondata
NAMEHaggard, Henry Rider
ALTERNATIVE NAMESHaggard, Rider
SHORT DESCRIPTIONEnglish novelist, scholar
DATE OF BIRTHJune 22, 1856
PLACE OF BIRTHNorfolk, England
DATE OF DEATHMay 14, 1925
PLACE OF DEATH
A pseudonym (Greek: ψευδόνυμον, pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias
..... Click the link for more information.
May 22 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


..... Click the link for more information.
18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s  1830s  1840s  - 1850s -  1860s  1870s  1880s
1853 1854 1855 - 1856 - 1857 1858 1859

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Norfolk (pronounced IPA: /ˈnɔːfək/) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England.
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
..... Click the link for more information.
May 14 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


..... Click the link for more information.
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s  1900s  1910s  - 1920s -  1930s  1940s  1950s
1922 1923 1924 - 1925 - 1926 1927 1928

Year 1925 (MCMXXV
..... Click the link for more information.
London
Canary Wharf is the centre of London's modern office towers
London shown within England
Coordinates:
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
..... Click the link for more information.
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has
..... Click the link for more information.
Nationality is a relationship between a person and their state of origin, culture, association, affiliation and/or loyalty. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person, and affords the person the protection of the state.
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2]   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
..... Click the link for more information.
A literary genre is a genre of literature, that is "a loose set of criteria for a category of literary composition", depending on literary technique, tone, or content.

The most general genres in literature are (in chronological order) epic, tragedy,[1]
..... Click the link for more information.
Allan Quatermain is a fictional character, the protagonist of H. Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines and its various sequels and prequels. Allan Quatermain was also the title of an 1887 book in this sequence.
..... Click the link for more information.
Robert Louis Stevenson

Born: November 13 1850(1850--)
Edinburgh, Scotland
Died: November 03 1894 (aged 44)

Occupation: Novelist, Poet, Travel writer
Nationality: Scottish
..... Click the link for more information.
Rudyard Kipling

Rudyard Kipling
Born: November 30 1865(1865--)
Bombay, British India
Died: January 18 1936 (aged 72)
Middlesex Hospital, London, England [1]
..... Click the link for more information.
Edgar Rice Burroughs

Born: September 1 1875(1875--)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died: March 19 1950 (aged 76)
Encino, California, U.S.
..... Click the link for more information.
C. S. Lewis

Born: 29 November 1898(1898--)
Belfast, Ireland
Died: 22 November 1963 (aged 66)
Oxford, England
Occupation: Novelist, Scholar, Broadcaster
..... Click the link for more information.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien

Tolkien in 1972, in his study at Merton Street, Oxford. Source: J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, by Humphrey Carpenter.
..... Click the link for more information.
Carl Gustav Jung

A recent edition of Jung's partially autobiographical work Memories, Dreams, Reflections.
..... Click the link for more information.
Joseph Conrad

Born: 3 December, 1857
Berdichev, Ukraine, Russian Empire
Died: 3 August, 1924 (aged 68)
Bishopsbourne, England
Occupation: Novelist
Literary movement: Modernism

Joseph Conrad (born
..... Click the link for more information.
June 22 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


..... Click the link for more information.
18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s  1830s  1840s  - 1850s -  1860s  1870s  1880s
1853 1854 1855 - 1856 - 1857 1858 1859

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
May 14 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


..... Click the link for more information.
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s  1900s  1910s  - 1920s -  1930s  1940s  1950s
1922 1923 1924 - 1925 - 1926 1927 1928

Year 1925 (MCMXXV
..... Click the link for more information.
Norfolk (pronounced IPA: /ˈnɔːfək/) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England.
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
..... Click the link for more information.
Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. Although commonly used to refer to the period of Queen Victoria's rule between 1837 and 1901, scholars debate whether the Victorian period—as defined
..... Click the link for more information.
The adventure novel is a literary genre of novels that has adventure, an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger, as its main theme. Adventure has been a common theme since the earliest days of written fiction.
..... Click the link for more information.
Bradenham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated some 5 miles (8 km) south-west of the town of East Dereham and 19 miles (30 km) west of the city of Norwich.[1] The civil parish has an area of 16.
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.