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The Hai River basin
The Hai River (Chinese: 海河; Pinyin: Hǎi Hé; literally "sea river"), previously called Bai He (Chinese: 白河; pinyin: Bái Hé; literally "white river"; Pei Ho in Western sources), is a river in China which flows through Beijing and Tianjin into the Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea.
The He River is formed at Tianjin by five rivers, the Southern Canal, Ziya River, Daqing River, Yongding River, and the Northern Canal. The southern and northern canals are parts of the Grand Canal. The Southern Canal is joined by Wei River at Linqing. The Northern Canal joins with the Bai He (Chaobai River) at Tongzhou. The Northern Canal (sharing channel with Bai He) is also the only waterway from the sea to Beijing. Therefore, the early westerns also called the Hai He as Bai He.
At Tianjin, through the Grand Canal, the Hai connects with the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The Hai He river systems was greatly modified by the Grand Canal. Before the Grand Canal, Wei River, Ziya River, Yongding River and Bai He used to have their own river mouths. When the Grand Canal was built, it cut through the lower reaches of these rivers to collect more water for sailing. Only one water outlet was left, which is the current course of the Hai He.
Hai He is 1,329 km long from the longest tributary. However, from Tianjin to its mouth, Hai He is only around 70km. Its basin has an area of approximately 319,000 km² (123,000 square miles). Its annual flow is only half that of the Yellow River or one-thirtieth that of the Yangtze River.
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The Yongding River under the Marco Polo Bridge is dried out
Like the Yellow River, the Hai is exceedingly muddy because of the powdery soil through which it flows. The silt carried by the water deposites in the lower reach, sometimes causing water to overflow. The floods from the five major triburaries only has one shallow outlet to the sea, which makes the flood even stronger. Because China's capital and the second largest city Beijing, the third largest city Tianjin are both located in the Hai He Basin, Hai He flood will cause a significant loss. To allevate flooding, reservoirs are built and artificial channels dug to divert floods directly into the sea. For example, the Chaobai river is diverted to the Chaobai Xin river ('Xin' means new) and is no longer joined with the Northern Canal.
In recent years, due to the industial and urban development in the Hai He basin, the volume of flow is greatly decreased. Many smaller triburary and some of the major triburaries dries out for the most of time during a year. The less water flow further worsens water pollution. The water shortage in the Hai He basin is expected to be solved by the South-North Water Transfer Project.
See also
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Chinese or the Sinitic language(s) (汉语/漢語, Pinyin: Hànyǔ; 华语/華語, Huáyǔ; or 中文, Zhōngwén) can be considered a language or language family.
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river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow
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China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
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Běijīng
北京
The Temple of Heaven, a symbol of Beijing
Location within China
Coordinates:
Country People's Republic of China
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北京
The Temple of Heaven, a symbol of Beijing
Location within China
Coordinates:
Country People's Republic of China
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Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; Pinyin: Tiānjīn; Postal map spelling:
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Bohai Sea (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Bó Hăi), also known as Bohai Bay or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China.
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Yellow Sea is the northern part of the East China Sea, which in turn is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean peninsula. Its name comes from the sand particles that color its water, originating from the Yellow River.
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Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; Pinyin: Tiānjīn; Postal map spelling:
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The Grand Canal of China (Simplified Chinese: 大运河; Traditional Chinese: 大運河; Pinyin: Dà Yùnhé
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Linqing (临清市) is a city located at in the prefecture of Liaocheng in the Chinese province of Shandong. It has about 143,000 residents (January of 2000) and is at the point where Wei He and the Grand Canal flow
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Tongzhou District (Simplified Chinese: 通州区; Traditional Chinese: 通州區; Hanyu Pinyin: Tōngzhōu Qū), located in southeast Beijing, is considered the eastern gateway to the Chinese capital.
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Běijīng
北京
The Temple of Heaven, a symbol of Beijing
Location within China
Coordinates:
Country People's Republic of China
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北京
The Temple of Heaven, a symbol of Beijing
Location within China
Coordinates:
Country People's Republic of China
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The Grand Canal of China (Simplified Chinese: 大运河; Traditional Chinese: 大運河; Pinyin: Dà Yùnhé
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Origin Bayankala Mountains, Qinghai Province
Mouth Bohai Sea
Basin countries China
Length 5464 km (3398 mi)
Source elevation 4500 m (14,765 ft)
Avg.
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Mouth Bohai Sea
Basin countries China
Length 5464 km (3398 mi)
Source elevation 4500 m (14,765 ft)
Avg.
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Basin countries China
Length 6,300 km (3,915 mi)[1]
Source elevation 5,042 m (16,542 ft)
Avg. discharge 31,900 m³/s (1,127,000 ft³/s)
Basin area 1,800,000 km² (695,000 mi²) The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang
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Length 6,300 km (3,915 mi)[1]
Source elevation 5,042 m (16,542 ft)
Avg. discharge 31,900 m³/s (1,127,000 ft³/s)
Basin area 1,800,000 km² (695,000 mi²) The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang
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1 kilometre =
SI units
0 m 0106 mm
US customary / Imperial units
0 ft 0 mi
A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol kmSI units
0 m 0106 mm
US customary / Imperial units
0 ft 0 mi
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Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of surface area, the square metre, one of the SI derived units. 1 km² is equal to:
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- 1,000,000 m²
- 100 ha (hectare)
- 1 m² = 0.
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square mile is an imperial and US unit of area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. It should not be confused with the archaic miles square, which refers to the number of miles on each side squared.
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Origin Bayankala Mountains, Qinghai Province
Mouth Bohai Sea
Basin countries China
Length 5464 km (3398 mi)
Source elevation 4500 m (14,765 ft)
Avg.
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Mouth Bohai Sea
Basin countries China
Length 5464 km (3398 mi)
Source elevation 4500 m (14,765 ft)
Avg.
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Basin countries China
Length 6,300 km (3,915 mi)[1]
Source elevation 5,042 m (16,542 ft)
Avg. discharge 31,900 m³/s (1,127,000 ft³/s)
Basin area 1,800,000 km² (695,000 mi²) The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang
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Length 6,300 km (3,915 mi)[1]
Source elevation 5,042 m (16,542 ft)
Avg. discharge 31,900 m³/s (1,127,000 ft³/s)
Basin area 1,800,000 km² (695,000 mi²) The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang
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The South-North Water Transfer Project (Chinese:南水北调工程; Pinyin: Nanshuibeidiao gongcheng) is a proposed scheme by the People's Republic of China to divert water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River and Hai River.
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geography of China stretches some 5,026 kilometers across the East Asian landmass bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam in a changing configuration of broad plains, expansive deserts, and lofty mountain ranges,
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The Taku Forts (Chinese: 大沽炮台; Pinyin: Dàgū Pàotái; literally "Taku batteries"), also called the Peiho Forts
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