Hejaz

Information about Hejaz

Map with the region outlined in red and the 1923 Kingdom in green

“Hedjaz” redirects here. For the Hedjaz meteorite of 1910, see meteorite falls.

al-Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz; Arabic: الحجاز al-Ḥiǧāz, literally "the barrier) is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined mostly by the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan. Its main city is Jeddah, but it is probably better-known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. As a region, The Hijaz, as it is often referred to, because of being the site of Islam's holy places, has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape. In Arabic, Hejaz means literally "the barrier" as it separates the land of Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west.

History

Evidence suggests the Hejaz (or parts of it) was part of the Roman province of Arabia ^[1]. Under the control of regional powers such as Egypt or the Ottoman Empire through most of its history, the Hejaz had a brief period of political independence in the early 20th century. It was one of several regions of the Ottoman Empire provoked into rebellion by T. E. Lawrence ("of Arabia") of the British during World War I. In 1916 its independence was proclaimed by Sherif Hussein ibn Ali, the Sherif of Makkah. In 1924, however, ibn Ali's authority was usurped by Ibn Saud of the neighboring region of Nejd and became known as the Kingdom of Hijaz and Nejd and later the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Even today, Hejazis adhere to a more moderate interpretation of Islam than does the Wahhabi sect that arose in Nejd.^[2]

Geography

Geographically, the region is located along the Great Rift Valley. The region is also known for it darker more volcanic sand. Depending on the previous definition, Hejaz includes the high mountains of Sarawat which topographically separate Najd from Tehamah.

Cities

Map showing location within Saudi Arabia

References

1. ^ Kesting, Piney (May/June 2001). Well of Good Fortune. Saudi Aramco. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.
2. ^ James Minahan (2002), Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press).

Meteorite falls are those meteorites that were witnessed by people or automated devices as they transited the atmosphere or impacted the Earth, and were subsequently collected.
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al-‘Arabiyyah in written Arabic (Kufic script):
Pronunciation: /alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/
Spoken in: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
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Motto
"There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is His messenger" (the Shahadah)
Anthem
"Aash Al Maleek"
"Long live the King"
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Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb sound and the Gulf of Aden. In the north are the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba) and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal).
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Haql is a town in the northwest of Saudi Arabia near the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba.

From Haql, coasts of Egypt, Israel and Jordan can be seen.

The Red Sea in this region is not used for shipping and the relatively small Saudi population does not engage in water
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Gulf of Aqaba (Arabic: خليج العقبة; transliterated: Khalyj al-'Aqabah), in Israel known as the Gulf of Eilat
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Jizan or Jazan (Arabic: جيزان) is the capital of the Jizan Province in the far south-west of Saudi Arabia. The city is situated on the Red Sea coast and serves a large agricultural hinterland. It has a population of 100,694 (2004 census).
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City of Jeddah
Beach of Jeddah

Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname: The Bride of the Red Sea
Location of Jeddah
Coordinates:
Country Saudi Arabia
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Makkah al-Mukarramah مكة المكرمة

Location in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Coordinates:
Province Makkah
Government
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Nejd or Najd (literally "highland", Arabic: نجد) is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula. It is also one of the main regions that comprise the modern state of Saudi Arabia and the location of the Saudi
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Tihamah or Tihama (Arabic: تهامة [Tihāmah]) is a narrow coastal region of Arabia on the Red Sea. It is currently divided between Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
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The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. This article however is about the latter.
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province (Latin, provincia, pl. provinciae) was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy (circa 296), largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italian peninsula (long without full citizenship).
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Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Saudi
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Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah

Arab Republic of Egypt

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Anthem
Bilady, Bilady, Bilady
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Ottoman Empire or Ottoman Caliphate (1299 to 1922) (Old Ottoman Turkish: دولت عالیه عثمانیه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish:
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The Kingdom of Hejaz (1916 to 1925) was a state in Hejaz region, ruled by the Hashemite family. The kingdom was annexed by Nejd and merged into Saudi Arabia in 1932.

Kings of Hejaz

Husain ibn Ali, June 10, 1916 - October 3, 1924

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twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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Thomas Edward Lawrence, CB, DSO (August 16, 1888^[1] – May 19, 1935), known professionally as T. E. Lawrence, was a British soldier renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt of 1916-18, but whose vivid personality and writings, along
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British Empire was the largest empire in history and for a substantial time was the foremost global power. It was a product of the European age of discovery, which began with the maritime explorations of the 15th century, that sparked the era of the European colonial empires.
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Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1913 1914 1915 - 1916 - 1917 1918 1919

Year 1916 (MCMXVI
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Sayyid Hussein bin Ali (1855 — June 4, 1931) (حسین بن علی; Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī) was the Sharif of Mecca, and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, when he proclaimed himself king of Hejaz, which
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Sharif of Mecca (Arabic:شريف مكة) or Sharif of Hejaz (Arabic:شريف الحجاز) was the title of the former governers of Hejaz and a traditional steward of the holy cities of
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20th century - 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1921 1922 1923 - 1924 - 1925 1926 1927

Year 1924 (MCMXXIV
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`Abd al-`Azīz Āl Sa`ūd, King of Saudi Arabia (?, 1876 – November 9, 1953) (Arabic: عبدالعزيز آل سعود) was the first monarch of Saudi Arabia.
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