House of Hanover

Information about House of Hanover

House of Hanover
Hanover and Great Britain
Country:Hanover
Parent House:House of Welf, cadet branch of the House of Este
Titles:Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Elector of Hanover, King of Hanover, King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick
Founder:George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Final Ruler:George V of Hanover
Current Head:Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover, titular King of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick
Founding Year:1635
Dissolution:1866
Nationality:German
Cadet Branches:


The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain in 1714. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line. The House of Hanover is a younger branch of the House of Welf, which in turn is a branch of the House of Este.

History

George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, is considered the first member of the House of Hanover. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the principalities of Calenberg and Göttingen, and in 1636 he moved his residence to Hanover. His son, Duke Ernest Augustus, was elevated to prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Ernest Augustus's wife, Sophia of the Palatinate, was declared heiress of the throne of Great Britain (then England and Scotland) by the Act of Settlement of 1701, which decreed Roman Catholics could not accede to the throne. Sophia was at that time the nearest Protestant relative to King William III. William himself was actually of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau, but both his wife and mother were Stuart princesses.

Hanovererian kings of Great Britain and the United Kingdom

British Royalty
House of Hanover
George I
   George II
   Sophia, Queen in Prussia
George II
   Frederick, Prince of Wales
   Anne, Princess of Orange
   Princess Amelia Sophia
   Princess Caroline Elizabeth
   William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland
   Mary, Landgravine of Hesse-Cassel
   Louise, Queen of Denmark
Grandchildren
   Augusta Charlotte, Duchess of Brunswick
   George III
   Edward Augustus, Duke of York
   Princess Elizabeth Caroline
   William Henry, Duke of Gloucester
   Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland
   Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark
Great-grandchildren
   Princess Sophia of Gloucester
   William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester
George III
   George IV
   Frederick, Duke of York
   William IV
   Charlotte, Queen of Wrttemberg
   Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent
   Princess Augusta Sophia
   Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
   Ernest Augustus I of Hanover
   Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
   Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
   Mary, Duchess of Gloucester
   Princess Sophia
   Princess Amelia
Grandchildren
   Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield
   Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
   Victoria
   George V, King of Hanover
   George, Duke of Cambridge
   Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
   Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
George IV
   Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield
William IV
   Princess Charlotte of Clarence
   Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
Victoria
Their son, George I — who would otherwise have been the 52nd in line to the throne of Great Britain — became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover. [1]

The dynasty provided six British monarchs:

Of the Kingdom of Great Britain: Of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, informally called electors of Hanover (see an account of that personal union). Beginning in 1814, when Hanover was made into a kingdom, the British monarch served jointly as king of Hanover.

The thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover diverged in 1837 as the throne of Hanover, unlike that of the UK, was under the Salic law, and so did not pass to Queen Victoria but instead passed to her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland. [3] When Victoria died in 1901, the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ascended to the UK throne as her son and heir, Edward VII, as son of her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, genealogically belonged to that House - whereby it was asserted that the name of the UK Royal House changed because the surname of his father was Edward VII's surname too. [4]

Kings of Hanover after the break up of the personal union

After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued the dynasty: The Kingdom of Hanover came to an end in 1866 when it was annexed by Prussia.

Duchy of Brunswick

In 1884, the senior branch of the House of Welf became extinct. By House Law, the House of Hanover would have acceded to the Duchy of Brunswick, but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the Duke of Cumberland, succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions, including swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death, and if necessary appoint a regent.

The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued, but were never resolved. Prince Albert of Prussia was appointed regent; after his death in 1906, Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died of a car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favor of his youngest son, who married the Kaiser's daughter, swore allegiance to the German Empire, and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the First World War; but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919, for "bearing arms against Great Britain".

Claimants

The later heads of the House of Hanover have been: see Line of succession to the Hanoverian Throne

The family has been resident in Austria since 1866; it has held titles of only courtesy since 1919.

Trivia

The streets of Brisbane's Central Business District are named after members of the House of Hanover. Streets running parallel with Queen Street are named for female members, with streets running perpendicular named after male members.

Hanover Square in downtown New York City is also named for the family, as is the province of New Brunswick in Canada, and several other towns in the eastern United States and Canada.

The city of Adelaide in Australia is named after Adelaide, the queen consort of William IV, thus after a member of the House of Guelph.

Notes

1. ^ Picknett, Lynn, Prince, Clive, Prior, Stephen & Brydon, Robert (2002). War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy, p. 13. Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1-84018-631-3.
2. ^ The Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland merged in 1801 forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
3. ^ Picknett, Prince, Prior & Brydon, pp. 13, 14.
4. ^ Picknett, Prince, Prior & Brydon, p. 14.

Further reading

  • Fraser, Flora. Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III. Knopf, 2005.
  • Plumb, J. H. The First Four Georges. Revised ed. Hamlyn, 1974.
  • Redman, Alvin. The House of Hanover. Coward-McCann, 1960.
  • Van der Kiste, John. George III’s Children. Sutton Publishing, 1992.

See also

External links

House of Hanover
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Preceded by
New Creation		Ruling House of the Electorate of Hanover
1692 – 1803		Electorate Abolished
Hanover occupied by France'''
Preceded by
Electorate of Hanover		Ruling House of the Kingdom of Hanover
1814 – 1866		Kingdom Abolished
Annexed by Prussia'''
Preceded by
House of Stuart		Ruling House of the Kingdom of Great Britain
1714 – 1800		Succeeded by
United Kingdom
See Act of Union 1800'''
Preceded by
Kingdom of Great Britain		Ruling House of the United Kingdom
1801 – 1901		Succeeded by
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Hannover
Hanover
The New Town Hall in Hanover, built from 1901 to 1913.
Coat of arms Location

..... Click the link for more information.
House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century until the 20th century.

The House of Welf is the older branch of the House of Este, a dynasty whose oldest known members lived in Lombardy
..... Click the link for more information.
House of Este is a European princely dynasty. It is split into two branches: the elder branch is known as the House of Welf-Este or House of Welf, and the younger branch as the House of Fulc-Este or later simply as the House of Este.
..... Click the link for more information.
Brunswick-Lüneburg was a historical state within the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) during the late Early Modern era. As the name implies, the main cities of this state were Brunswick and Lüneburg.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hanover (German: Hannover) is a territory that was at various times a principality within the Holy Roman Empire, an Electorate within the same, an independent kingdom, and a subordinate province within the Kingdom of Prussia.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hanover (German: Hannover) is a territory that was at various times a principality within the Holy Roman Empire, an Electorate within the same, an independent kingdom, and a subordinate province within the Kingdom of Prussia.
..... Click the link for more information.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927. It was formed by the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself having been a merger of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland) and the Kingdom of
..... Click the link for more information.
Brunswick was a historical state in Germany. Originally the territory of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in the Holy Roman Empire, it was established as an independent duchy by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Its capital was Brunswick.
..... Click the link for more information.
George (17 November 1582, Celle – 2 April 1641, Hildesheim) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

He was son to William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535 – 1592) and Dorothea of Denmark (1546 – 1617).
..... Click the link for more information.
George V (George Frederick Alexander Charles Ernest Augustus; 27 May 1819 – 12 June 1878) was the last king of Hanover and a member of the German branch of the House of Hanover. In the peerage of Great Britain, he was Duke of Cumberland.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (German: Ernst August Albert Otto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich-Ferdinand Christian-Ludwig Prinz von Hannover, in English also known as Ernest Augustus of Hanover
..... Click the link for more information.
Germans (German: Deutsche) are defined as an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, citizenship, speaking the German language as a mother tongue and being born in Germany.
..... Click the link for more information.
Germanic may refer to
  • The Germanic languages, descended from Proto-Germanic.
  • The Germanic peoples
  • List of Germanic peoples
  • Confederations of Germanic tribes

..... Click the link for more information.
royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally, the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant. The term "imperial family" more appropriately describes the extended family of an emperor or empress regnant, while the terms "ducal family", "grand ducal family" or
..... Click the link for more information.
A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations. A dynasty is also often called a "house", e.g. the House of Saud or House of Habsburg.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hanover (German: Hannover) is a territory that was at various times a principality within the Holy Roman Empire, an Electorate within the same, an independent kingdom, and a subordinate province within the Kingdom of Prussia.
..... Click the link for more information.
Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a state in Western Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800. It was created by the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, under the Acts of Union 1707, to create a single
..... Click the link for more information.
Ireland
Éire
Airlann <nowiki />

Northwest of continental Europe with Great Britain to the east.

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki />
Archipelago
..... Click the link for more information.
House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Mary Queen of Scots adopted the French spelling Stuart while in France to ensure that the Scots Stewart
..... Click the link for more information.
House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century until the 20th century.

The House of Welf is the older branch of the House of Este, a dynasty whose oldest known members lived in Lombardy
..... Click the link for more information.
House of Este is a European princely dynasty. It is split into two branches: the elder branch is known as the House of Welf-Este or House of Welf, and the younger branch as the House of Fulc-Este or later simply as the House of Este.
..... Click the link for more information.
George (17 November 1582, Celle – 2 April 1641, Hildesheim) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

He was son to William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535 – 1592) and Dorothea of Denmark (1546 – 1617).
..... Click the link for more information.
Brunswick-Lüneburg was a historical state within the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) during the late Early Modern era. As the name implies, the main cities of this state were Brunswick and Lüneburg.
..... Click the link for more information.
Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a separate entity from 1485 until 1705, when it was merged with Lüneburg-Celle to form the state of Hanover.
..... Click the link for more information.
principality of Göttingen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire with Göttingen as its capital. It was split off from the principality of Brunswick in 1279 in the course of an estate division among members of the House of Welf.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hannover
Hanover
The New Town Hall in Hanover, built from 1901 to 1913.
Coat of arms Location

..... Click the link for more information.
Ernest Augustus (German: Ernst August; Latin: Ernestus Augustus; 20 November 1629, Herzberg am Harz – 23 January 1698, Herrenhausen) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Calenberg (or Hanover) subdivision of the duchy.
..... Click the link for more information.
Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst ( listen   (help info ) ), pl.
..... Click the link for more information.
Holy Roman Empire (Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium, German: Heiliges Römisches Reich, Italian: Sacro Romano Impero
..... Click the link for more information.
Electress Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia, Countess Palatine of Simmern; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the youngest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the House of Wittelsbach, the "Winter King" of Bohemia, and Elizabeth Stuart.
..... Click the link for more information.

This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.