Information about Immortal Seven

The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven notable Englishmen, later named the Immortal Seven, to William III, Prince of Orange, received by him on 30 June 1688 (Julian calendar, 10 July Gregorian calendar), asking him, because in England a Catholic male heir, James Francis Edward Stuart, had been born, to force the ruling king, his father-in-law James II of England, by military intervention to make William's Protestant wife Mary, James's eldest daughter, heir to the throne, preferably by establishing that the newborn Prince of Wales was a fraud. The letter informed William that if he were to land in England with a small army, the signatories and their allies would rise up and support him. The Invitation briefly rehashed the grievances against King James, claimed that the King's son was suppositious and that the English people generally believed him to be so, deplored that William had sent a letter to James congratulating him with the birth of his son and offered some brief strategy on the logistics of the proposed landing of troops. It was carried to William in The Hague by Rear Admiral Arthur Herbert (the later Lord Torrington) disguised as a common sailor, and identified by a secret code. The invitation convinced William to carry out his existing plans to land with a large Dutch army, culminating in the Glorious Revolution during which James was deposed and replaced by William and Mary as joint rulers. William and Mary had already in April of that year, when William had started to assemble an invasion force, asked for such an invitation to be given, within the context of a secret correspondence since April 1687 between them and several leading English politicians, discussing how best to counter the pro-Catholic policies of James.

The signatories were:

Of the seven, Danby and Compton were generally considered to be Tories, while the other five signatories were generally seen as Whigs.

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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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Julian calendar was a reform of the Roman calendar which was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the
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Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world. A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 via the papal bull
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James Francis Edward Stuart (or Stewart; "The Old Pretender"; 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766) was the son of the deposed James II and VII, and as such laid claim to the English and Scottish thrones (as James III and VIII) from the death of his father in 1701, and was
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James II (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701)^[1] became King of England, King of Scots,^[2] and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of Scotland, England, and Ireland.
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Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace."^[1]. Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace
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Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death.
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Prince of Wales (Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom of Great Britain and before that the Kingdom of England).
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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The Hague
`s-Gravenhage (Den Haag)
Skyline of The Hague

Flag
Nickname: De Residentiestad (The Residential City), De Hofstad (The Court city, as in a royal court)
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Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank that is usually two-star rank ranking below Vice Admiral. It originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy.
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Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington (c. 1648 – 14 April 1716) was a British admiral and politician of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Cashiered as a rear-admiral by James II of England in 1688 for refusing to serve under Catholic officers, he brought the
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code is a method used to transform a message into an obscured form, preventing those who do not possess special information, or key, required to apply the transform from understanding what is actually transmitted.
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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange), who as a result ascended the
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Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds (February 20,1631 - July 26,1712), English statesman, commonly known also by his earlier title of Earl of Danby, served in a variety of offices under Kings Charles II and William III of England.
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Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC (24 July 1660–1 February 1718) was the only son of the 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, formerly Lady Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of 2nd Earl of Cardigan (she became the notorious mistress of the 2nd Duke of
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William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, KG, PC, (25 January, 1640 – 18 August, 1707) was a soldier and statesman, the son of William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire and Lady Elizabeth Cecil.
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Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough (1650 – December 17 1721) was an English statesman best known for his role in the Glorious Revolution. He was the grandson of Richard Lumley, 1st Viscount Lumley and Francis Shelley.
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Bishop of London

Province Canterbury
Diocese London
Founded 4th century, but current establishment from 604
Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral
Present bishop Richard Chartres
Signature Londin

The Bishop of London
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Henry Compton (1632 – July 7, 1713), English bishop, was the sixth and youngest son of the second earl of Northampton.

He was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford, and then travelled in Europe.
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Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford PC (1653–1727) was the First Lord of the Admiralty under King William III. He was the son of Edward Russell, a younger brother of William Russell, the 1st Duke of Bedford. He married his cousin, Mary Russell, but they had no children.
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Henry Sydney (or Sidney), 1st Earl of Romney (8 April 1641 – 8 April 1704) was born in Paris, a son of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, of Penshurst Place in Kent, England, by Lady Dorothy Percy, a daughter of Henry Percy, 9th Earl of
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Some of the information in this article may not be verified by . It should be checked for inaccuracies and modified to cite reliable sources.

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For other uses, see Whig (disambiguation).

The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to the mid 19th centuries.
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Old Whittington

Old Whittington ()

|240px|Old Whittington (

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Immortal Seven

See also

Events