islam in the Philippines

Information about islam in the Philippines

This article is concerned with the religion of Islam in the Philippines. For ethnicity and culture, please see Moro people.
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 Islam is one of the oldest organized religions to be established in the Philippines. Its origins in the country may be dated back to as early as the 14th century, with the arrival of Arab and Malay Muslim traders who converted some of the native inhabitants in the southwestern Philippine islands. Filipino Muslims form 5% of the country's population, while the rest of the general population are mostly Roman Catholic (84%) and Protestant (8%).

History

In 1380, Karim ul' Makhdum, the first Islamic missionary to reach the Sulu Archipelago and Jolo, brought Islam to what is now the Philippines. Subsequent visits by Arab Muslim missionaries helped strengthen the Islamic faith in the Philippines, mostly in the south but as far north as Manila. Vast sultanates were established, comprised of the Sultanate of Maguindanao and the Sultanate of Sulu. Since the first people who established themselves as sultans in various parts of the Malay Archipelago — Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines — were usually of Arab descent, most people of royal lineage claim Arab descent, some going as far as claiming descent from the Prophet Muhammad himself.

The world resurgence of Islam after World War II gave Muslims in the Philippines a stronger sense of unity as a religious community than they had in the past. Since the early 1970s, the number of Muslim teachers visiting the country and Filipino Muslims traveling abroad — either on the hajj or on scholarships — has increased to unprecedented levels. As a result, Muslims have built many new mosques and religious schools, where students (male and female) learn the basic rituals and principles of Islam and learn to read the Qur'an in Arabic. A number of Muslim institutions of higher learning, such as the Jamiatul Philippine al-Islamia in Marawi, also offer advanced courses in Islamic studies.

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Modern Practices

Every year, many Filipino Muslims go on a pilgrimage (hajj) to the holy city of Mecca; upon returning men are bestowed with the honorific title "hajji" and women the honorific "hajja". In most Muslim communities, there is at least one mosque from which the muezzin call the faithful to prayer five times a day. Those who respond to the call to public prayer follow Muslim custom in removing their shoes before entering the mosque, aligning themselves in straight rows before the minbar (niche), and offering prayers in the direction of Mecca. An Imam, or prayer leader, leads the recitation in Arabic verses from the Qur'an, following the practices of the Sunni sect of Islam common to most of the world. Moros have (this is debatable) often neglected to perform the ritual prayer and have not strictly abided by the fast (no food or drink in daylight hours) during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, or performed the duty of almsgiving. They do, however, scrupulously observe other rituals and practices and celebrate Islamic festivals such as the end of Ramadan (Eid ul-Fitr); Muhammad's birthday; the night of his ascension to heaven; and the start of the Muslim New Year, the first day of the month of Muharram.

Practices

Circumcision is practised to the influence of Islam. A strong Islamic legacy is the custom to circumcise (tuli) young boys. When the Spaniards arrived, circumcision was justified as being Christian. Filipino Christians are generally circumcised for hygiene reason due to American influence. To this day, being uncircumcised is stigmatized in Philippine society.

Along with Catholicism, Islam in the Philippines has absorbed indigenous elements. Moros, in particular, make offerings to spirits (diwatas), malevolent or benign, believing that such spirits can and will have an effect on one's health, family, and crops. They also include pre-Islamic customs in ceremonies marking rites of passage — birth, marriage, and death. Moros share the essentials of Islam, but specific practices vary from one Moro group to another.

See also

Other religions

References

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Islam in Asia
Sovereign states
and other territories		Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan1 Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China People's Republic of China (Hong Kong • Macau)] Republic of China (Taiwan) Cyprus Egypt1 Georgia1 India Indonesia1 Iran Iraq Israel (see also Palestinian territories) Japan Jordan Kazakhstan1 Korea (North Korea South Korea) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia1 Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor)1 Turkey1 Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen1
1Transcontinental nations
Moro are a multilingual ethnic group and the largest mainly non-Christian[1] ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5% of the total Philippine population as of 2005,[2] making them the sixth largest ethnic group in the country.
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Muslims by country.

Important note: Population counts by religious affiliation, like most demographic characteristics of a population, are based upon statistical science and subject to observational error and are technically referred to as estimates.
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Islam in Africa
Region Total Population Muslims % Muslim % of Muslim total
Central Africa 83,121,055 12,582,592 15.138% 0.852%
East Africa 193,741,900 66,381,242 34.263% 4.497%
North Africa 202,151,323 180,082,076 89.083% 12.
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Islam, the religion of almost all of the Algerian people, pervades most aspects of life. The vast majority of citizens are Sunni Muslims.
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Islam in Angola is a minority religion with 1 to 2.5% of the population identifying as Muslim. The Association of the Development of Islam in Angola is the primary proselytizing organization. Muslim Angolans are represented by the Supreme Council of Angolan Muslims of Luanda.
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Islam was brought to Benin from the north by Arab, Hausa, and Songhai-Dendi traders. Benin's Muslim population is concentrated in the north of the country, though extends as far souh as Djougou and even into traditionally Yoruba areas.
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Islam in Botswana is not well established and is only 2-3 percent of the population. Of those 2-3 percent, the vast majority are from the Indian subcontinent. Several Muslim agencies in Botswana have publicly expressed concern about Islamophobia in the local media, but its
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Islam in Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) has a long and varied history. As of today, the population of the country is 55 percent Muslim, representing about 7,658,922 individuals.
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Muslims in Burundi are officially around 1% of the total population, though Muslim Burundians estimate the figure to be closer to 8-10%. The CIA World Factbook also puts the figure at 10%. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.
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Muslims comprise roughly 16 percent of Cameroon's 13.1 million inhabitants. The Fulani, a pastoral nomadic group, spread Islam in early 19th century West Africa largely through commercial activity and Sufi brotherhoods (Qadiri and Tijani).
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According to the U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report 2006, there is a small Muslim community in Cape Verde. [1]

Notes

1. ^ www.state.

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Islam accounts for approximately 15% of the population of the Central African Republic, making it the second most followed organized religion in the country after Christianity (50%).
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The earliest Islamic presence in Chad can be traced back to the legendary Uqba ibn Nafi, whose descendants can be found settled in the Lake Chad region to this day.[1].
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According to the 2006 estimate by the U.S. Department of State, roughly 98% of the population in the Comoros are Muslim. Islam and its institutions have helped to integrate Comorian society and provide identification with a world beyond the islands' shores.
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Islam in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not a recent phenomenon, as it has been present within the area since the 18th century, when Arab traders from East Africa pushed into the interior for slave-trading purposes.
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Islam spread to the Republic of the Congo from North Africa in the mid-19th century. [1] There is a growing Muslim community in the country, estimated at 2 percent of the population. In 2005 a large new mosque was constructed in Brazzaville.
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Islam in Djibouti has a long history, first appearing in East Africa during the lifetime of Muhammad. Today, 96 percent of Djibouti's 490,000 people are Sunni Muslims adhering largely to the Shafi legal tradition.
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Egypt is a republic with Islam as the state religion. Over 80% of Egyptians are Sunni Muslims[1], many of whom follow local Sufi orders, and a small number are Shi'a.
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Islam comprised less than 1 percent of the population of Equatorial Guinea.[1] Adherents.com, however, estimates that Muslims make up anywhere from 1% to 25% of the population.[2]

Notes

1. ^ State.gov
2.

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Islam in Eritrea is well established and accounts for approximately half of the religious population. The vast majority of non-Muslims in Eritrea are Orthodox Christians, they follow the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church.
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Approximately 12% of the population of Gabon practice Islam (of which 80 to 90 percent are foreigners).

Islamic, Catholic, and Protestant denominations operate primary and secondary schools in Gabon.
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Islam is the majority religion of The Gambia, with around 90% of the population being Muslims. However, some popular religions practices diverge from mainstream Islam, with a system of marabout societies being very common.
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The spread of Islam into West Africa, beginning with ancient Ghana in the ninth century, was mainly the result of the commercial activities of North African Muslims. The empires of both Mali and Songhai that followed ancient Ghana in the Western Sudan adopted the religion.
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2005 official statistics for Islam in Guinea estimate that 85% of Guinea's 7.8 million people are Muslim. Most are Sunnis who follow the Maliki legal tradition and Qadiri and Tijani Sufi orders. Although the French established a colony in 1891, their control of the region was weak.
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Islam is the predominate religion of Guinea-Bissau, numbering an estimated 38-45% of the roughly 1.4 million nationals as followers making it the largest religion of the country.
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Islam is the religion of approximately 10% of the Kenyan population, or approximately 3.4 million people[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html#People]. The Kenyan coast is mostly populated by Muslims.
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According to Adherents , the Muslim population of Lesotho in 2000 was 1000 or 0.05% of the population.[1]

Notes

1. ^ http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_184.

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Islam in Liberia is widespread, with an estimated 20% of Liberians professing the religion. The vast majority of Liberian Muslims are Sunni, with only a few Lebanese being Shi'ites. The Ahmadiyya, whom most orthodox Muslims consider heretical, are also slightly represented.
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Most Libyans adhere to the Sunni branch of Islam, which provides both a spiritual guide for individuals and a keystone for government policy.
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