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Janet

Janet
Wikipedia articlesAll pages beginning with Janet
Janet is a female name. It is a variation of the French proper noun Jeannette and Spanish proper noun Juanita, and is the diminutive of Jeanne or Jane.

People with Janet as a surname

Other

Janet can also refer to:

This article is about the computer network JANET. For other uses, see Janet (disambiguation).


JANET is a private British government-funded computer network dedicated to education and research. All further- and higher-education organisations are connected to JANET, as are all the Research Councils; the majority of these sites are connected via 20 metropolitan area networks across the UK. The network also carries traffic between schools within the UK, although many of the schools' networks maintain their own general Internet connectivity. The name was originally a contraction of Joint Academic NETwork but it is now known as JANET in its own right.

It is linked to other European and worldwide NRENs through GEANT, has a private connection to CERNET in China and peers extensively with other ISPs at Internet Exchange Points in the UK. Any other networks are reached via transit services from commercial ISPs.

JANET is operated by JANET(UK), formerly known as UKERNA (the United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association), who are also responsible for the .ac.uk and .gov.uk domains. It is funded by JISC, the Joint Information Systems Committee.

Origins

JANET developed out of a number of local and research networks dating back to the 1970s. In the early 80s a standardisation and interconnect effort started, hosted on an expansion of the pioneering SERCnet X.25 research network. The system first went live in April 1983, hosting about 50 sites with line speeds of 9.6 kbit/s. In the mid-80s the backbone was upgraded to a 2 Mbit/s backbone with 64 kbit/s access links, and a further upgrade in the early 1990s sped the backbone to 8 Mbit/s and the access links to 2 Mbit/s, making JANET the fastest X.25 network in the world.

The JANET effort resulted in the standardisation known as the Coloured Book protocols, which provided the first complete X.25 standard. (One effect of the adoption of Coloured Book was that JANET hostnames were backwards compared to the Internet standard, e.g. UK.AC.HATFIELD.INFSC1 instead of infsc1.hatfield.ac.uk.) There had been some talk of moving JANET to OSI protocols in the 1990s, but changes in the networking world meant this never happened.

History

In January 1991 the JANET IP Service (JIPS) was set up as a pilot project to host IP traffic on the existing network. Within ten months the IP traffic had exceeded the levels of X.25 traffic, and the IP support became official in November. Today JANET is primarily a high-speed IP network.

In order to address speed concerns, several hardware upgrades have been incorporated into the JANET system. In 1989 SuperJANET was proposed, to re-host JANET on a fibre optic network. Work started in late 1992, and by late 1993 the first 14 sites had migrated to the new 34 Mbit/s ATM system. SuperJANET also moved solely to IP.[1]

In 1995 SuperJANET2 started, adding 155 Mbit/s ATM backbones and a 10 Mbit/s SMDS network encompassing some of the original JANET nodes. JANET's mandate now included running metropolitan area networks centered on these sites.[2]

SuperJANET3 created new 155 Mbit/s ATM nodes to fully connect all of the major sites at London, Bristol, Manchester and Leeds, with 34 Mbit/s links to smaller sites around the country.

In March 2001 SuperJANET4 was launched. The key challenges for SuperJANET4 were the need to increase network capacity and to strengthen the design and management of JANET to allow it to meet a similar increase in the size of its userbase.

SuperJANET4 saw the implementation of a 2.5 Gbit/s core backbone from which connections to regional network points of presence were made at speeds ranging between 155 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s depending upon the size of the regional network. In 2002 the core SuperJANET4 backbone was upgraded to 10 Gbit/s.

SuperJANET4 also saw an increase in the userbase of JANET with the inclusion of the Further Education Community and the use of the SuperJANET4 backbone to interconnect schools' networks. The core point of presence (Backbone) sites in SuperJANET4 were Edinburgh, Glasgow, Warrington, Reading, Bristol, Portsmouth, London and Leeds

In October 2006 SuperJANET5 was launched after £29 million of investment. It provides a 10Gbit/s backbone, with an upgrade path to 40GBit/s over the next few years. SuperJANET5 is a hybrid network offering, providing both a high speed IP transit service and private bandwidth channel services provisioned over a dedicated fibre network. It is designed not only to fully accommodate the requirements of the traditional JANET user base - all research institutes, universities and further education - but also to meet the needs of a new userbase in the UK’s primary and secondary schools.

Regional Networks

The JANET network is implemented through 20 regional network operators (RNOs) which connect universities, colleges and schools to the JANET network. Most RNOs are operated as independent entities working under contract to JANET(UK), though JANET(UK) operates a small number of RNOs directly.

Each RNO covers a specific geographical area, as of 2007 the following regional networks are connected to JANET:

See also

References

1. ^ Cooper, Bob (1990). From JANET to SuperJANET: The Development of a High Performance Network to Support UK Higher Education and Research. The Computer Board for Universities and Research Councils. 
2. ^ SuperJANET5 project

External links

French (français, pronounced [fʁɑ̃ˈsɛ]) is a Romance language originally spoken in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland, and today by about 300 million people around the world as either
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 Spanish, Castilian}}} 
Writing system: Latin (Spanish variant)
Language codes
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Jane is a given name for a female. It is one of the many feminine forms of John.

General

Jane can be used to identify a generic public person. It is often used in conjunction with its male counterpart John.
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Pierre Marie Félix Janet (May 30 1859 - February 24 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.

He was one of the first persons to draw a connection between events in the subject's past life and their present day trauma, and
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Janet is the de facto name for a small fleet of Boeing 737 passenger jets operated by defense contractor EG&G. Most people think Janet stands for " just another non existing terminal.
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EG&G is a defense contractor and provider of management and technical services. The company was involved in contracting services to the United States government during World War II, and conducted weapons research and development after the war.
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janet.
(1993) janet. Remixed
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Singles from janet.
# "That's the Way Love Goes"# "If"# "Again"#
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Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, actress, songwriter, record producer, dancer, activist, and pop icon.

Jackson is ranked as the ninth most successful act in the history of rock and roll.
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Hurricane Janet

Category 5 hurricane (SSHS)

Formed September 21, 1955
Dissipated September 30, 1955
Highest
winds

0 mph (0 km/h) (1-minute sustained)

Lowest pressure
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Janet is a female name. It is a variation of the French proper noun Jeannette and Spanish proper noun Juanita, and is the diminutive of Jeanne or Jane.
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as a college campus, industrial complex, or a military base. A CAN, may be considered a type of MAN (metropolitan area network), but is generally limited to an area that is smaller than a typical MAN.
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Research Councils are government agencies responsible for co-ordinating and funding particular areas of research, including the arts, humanties, all areas of science and engineering. They have five main functions, which are to:
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Metropolitan area networks, or MANs, are large computer networks usually spanning a city. They typically use wireless infrastructure or Optical fiber connections to link their sites.
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A National Research and Education Network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.
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GÉANT is the main European multi-gigabit computer network for research and education purposes. GÉANT link speeds range from 155 Mbit/s on the slowest spur links to 10 Gbit/s in the core optical fiber network.
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The China Education and Research Network (CERNET) is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China. The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Chinese Ministry of Education.
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Peering is voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the customers of each network. The pure definition of peering is settlement-free or "sender keeps all," meaning that neither party pays the other for
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Internet service provider (abbr. ISP, also called Internet access provider or IAP) is a business or organization that provides consumers or businesses access to the Internet and related services. In the past, most ISPs were run by the phone companies.
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An Internet exchange point (IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure that allows different Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to exchange Internet traffic between their networks (autonomous systems) by means of mutual peering agreements, which allow traffic to be
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Internet transit consists of two bundled services: the advertisement by an Internet service provider (ISP) of routes to a customer's Internet Protocol addresses to the other ISPs who constitute the rest of the Internet, thereby soliciting inbound traffic from them on behalf of the
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Internet service provider (abbr. ISP, also called Internet access provider or IAP) is a business or organization that provides consumers or businesses access to the Internet and related services. In the past, most ISPs were run by the phone companies.
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JANET(UK) is the trading name for the JNT Association, which since 1994 has had responsibility for the management of the United Kingdom’s Higher Education networking programme.
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On the Internet, the Domain Name System (DNS) associates various sorts of information with so-called domain names; most importantly, it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-readable computer hostnames, e.g. en.wikipedia.
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The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) supports United Kingdom post-16 and higher education and research by providing leadership in the use of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) in support of learning, teaching, research and administration.
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X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for connection to packet switched wide area networks using leased lines, the phone or ISDN system as the networking hardware. It was developed before the OSI Reference Model or the equivalent Network Access Layer of the DoD protocol model,
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kilobit per second (kbit/s or kb/s or kbps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000 bits per second. It is sometimes mistakenly thought to mean 1,024 bits per second, using the binary meaning of the kilo- prefix, though this is incorrect.
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megabit per second (abbreviated as Mbit/s, Mbps, or mbps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000,000 bits per second. Because there are 8 bits in a byte, a transfer speed of 8 megabits per second (8 Mbps) is equivalent to 1,000,000 bytes
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The Coloured Book protocols were a set of X.25 protocols used on SERCnet and JANET between 1980 and 1992. After 1992, Internet standards were adopted on JANET instead; they were operated simultaneously for a while, but eventually X.25 support faded away.
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The Open Systems Interconnection (usually abbreviated to OSI) was an effort to standardize networking that was started in 1982 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), along with the ITU-T.
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Internet protocol may refer to:
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