The
JANET NRS (
Name Registration Scheme) was a pseudo-hierarchical naming scheme adopted for use on
United Kingdom academic and research networks before the superficially similar system used by the Internet
DNS had been fully established.
The principal difference was that the order of significance began with the most significant part (so called
Big-endian addresses). Also, NRS names were canonically written in upper case. For example,
Cambridge University had the NRS name
UK.AC.CAM, whereas its DNS domain is
cam.ac.uk. All NRS names had both a
standard (long) and
abbreviated (up to 18 characters) form. For example,
UK.AC.CAMBRIDGE was the less widely used standard equivalent of the abbreviated name
UK.AC.CAM.
The NRS "second-level domains" consisted of
UK.AC (JANET academic and scientific sites),
UK.CO (commercial) and
UK.MOD (
Ministry of Defence). Any organisations not falling into these categories were given their own "second-level" name, eg.
UK.BL (
British Library) or
UK.NEL (National Engineering Laboratory).
For email, interoperability between the "
Grey Book" email addressing style of
user@UK.AC.SITE and Internet addresses of the style
user@site.ac.uk was achieved by way of mail gateways. However, problems were caused when the least significant part of an Internet address matched the most significant part of an NRS address and vice-versa. (The classic joke was that e-mail intended for UK universities ended up in Czechoslovakia, since many JANET e-mail addresses were of the form
user@UK.AC.universityname.CS, where "CS" stood for Computer Science (department), but "
.cs" was also the two-letter country code for Czechoslovakia until 1995.)
JANET transitioned to using Internet protocols in the early 1990s, and the final mail gateway had been taken out of service by the end of
1997. Its one remaining legacy is the convention of using
.uk for UK based DNS domains, rather than
.gb, as specified by
ISO 3166.
Janet is a female name. It is a variation of the French proper noun Jeannette and Spanish proper noun Juanita, and is the diminutive of Jeanne or Jane.
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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On the Internet, the Domain Name System (DNS) associates various sorts of information with so-called domain names; most importantly, it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-readable computer hostnames, e.g. en.wikipedia.
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In computing, endianness is the byte (and sometimes bit) ordering in memory used to represent some kind of data. Typical cases are the order in which integer values are stored as bytes in computer memory (relative to a given memory addressing scheme) and the transmission order over
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University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the world's most prestigious universities.
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Ministry of Defence (MOD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.
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British Library
Location London
Established 1973
Collection size 25,000,000 Books (150,000,000 Total Items)
Budget £100,000,000 [1]
Website [1]
The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom.
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The Coloured Book protocols were a set of X.25 protocols used on SERCnet and JANET between 1980 and 1992. After 1992, Internet standards were adopted on JANET instead; they were operated simultaneously for a while, but eventually X.25 support faded away.
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.cs
Introduced ca. 1990
TLD type Country code top-level domain
Status Discontinued
Registry None
Sponsor None
Intended use Entities connected with Czechoslovakia (originally, until deleted) and later Serbia and Montenegro (reserved, but never used)
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20th century - 21st century
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1994 1995 1996 - 1997 - 1998 1999 2000
Year 1997 (MCMXCVII
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.uk
Introduced 1985
TLD type Country code top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Nominet UK
Sponsor Nominet UK
Intended use Entities connected with
United Kingdom
Actual use Very popular in UK, especially .co.
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.gb
Introduced 1985
TLD type Country code top-level domain
Status retired
Registry JANET(UK)
Sponsor JANET(UK)
Intended use Entities connected with United Kingdom
Actual use Fallen into disuse in favour of .
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ISO 3166 is a three-part geographic coding standard for coding the names of countries and dependent areas, and the principal subdivisions thereof, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
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