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Jean Chalgrin

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Chalgrin's Arc de Triomphe.
Jean-Fran̤ois-Th̩r̬se Chalgrin (1739 Рjanuary 21, 1811) was a French architect, best known for his design for the Arc de Triomphe, Paris.

His neoclassic orientation was established from his early studies with the prophet of neoclassicism Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni and with the radical classicist Étienne-Louis Boullée in Paris and through his Prix de Rome sojourn (November 1759—May 1763) as a pensionnaire of the French Academy in Rome. His time in Rome coincided with a fervent new interest in Classicism among the young French pensionnaires, under the influences of Piranesi and the publications of Winckelmann.

Returning to Paris, he was quickly given an appointment as an inspector of public works for the city of Paris, under the architect Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux, whose own time at the French Academy in Rome had predisposed him to the new style. In this official capacity he oversaw the construction of Ange-Jacques Gabriel's Hôtel Saint-Florentin in the rue Saint-Florentin, where Chalgrin was able to design the neoclassical gateway to the cour d'honneur. In 1764 (Eriksen 1974) he presented his uncompromisingly neoclassical plans for the Church of St. Philippe-du-Roule (illustration; constructed 1774-1784); its colossal Ionic order of columns, which separated the barrel-vaulted nave from the lower, barrel-vaulted aisles, was carried around the apse without a break. In this church, which was built 1772-84, he revived a basilica plan that had not been characteristic of French ecclesiastical architecture since the sixteenth century.

In 1775 he was appointed First Architect to the comte de Provence, brother of Louis XVI; he designed the pavilion of the comtesse de Provence at Versailles. In 1779 he was appointed overseer of the building projects of another brother of the king, the comte d'Artois.

In 1777 Chalgrin partly remodelled the interior of Church of Saint-Sulpice, which had been given a thoroughly neoclassical façade by Chalgrin's former master Servandoni over forty years before.

After the Revolution Chalgrin extended the Collège de France and made alterations in the Palais du Luxembourg to suit it to its new use as the seat of the Directoire.

The Arc de Triomphe was commissioned by Napoleon to commemorate the victorious armies of the Empire. The project was under way when Chalgrin died.

Chalgrin married Émilie, a daughter of the painter Joseph Vernet. They had one son.

Major works

Notes

References

Further reading

January 21 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly the Place de l'Étoile, at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. The arch honours those who fought for France, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars, and today also includes
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Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw upon Western classical art and culture (usually that of
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Jean-Nicolas Servan, also known as Giovanni Niccolò Servando or Servandoni (May 2, 1695 - January 19, 1766) was a French decorator, architect and scene-painter.

He was the son of a carriage-builder at Lyon.
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Étienne-Louis Boullée (February 12, 1728 — February 4, 1799) was a visionary French neoclassical architect whose work greatly influenced contemporary architects and is still influential today.
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Prix de Rome was a scholarship for art students. It was created in 1663 in France under the reign of Louis XIV. It was an annual burse for promising artists (painters, sculptors, and architects) who proved their talents by completing a very difficult elimination contest.
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The French Academy in Rome (French: Académie de France à Rome) is an Academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio (Pincian Hill) in Rome, Italy.
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Giovanni Battista (also Giambattista) Piranesi (4 October 1720 - 9 November 1778) was an Italian artist famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious and atmospheric "prisons" (Carceri d'Invenzione).
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Johann Joachim Winckelmann

Portrait by Raphael Mengs, after 1755
Born: 9 November 1717(1717--)
Stendal
Died: 8 May 1768 (aged 52)
Trieste
Occupation: Art history writer
Nationality: German
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Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux (Paris 1727 — Paris 1793) was a pioneering French neoclassical architect.

Though he did not gain the Prix de Rome that was the dependable gateway to a prominent French career in architecture,[1]
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Ange-Jacques Gabriel (October 23, 1698 – January 4, 1782) was the most prominent French architect of his generation.

Born to a Parisian family of architects and initially trained by the royal architect Robert de Cotte and his father (who died in 1742), whom he assisted
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Cour d'Honneur, sometimes literally translated as "Court of Honour", is the architectural term for defining a three-sided courtyard, created when the main central corps de logis is flanked by symmetrical advancing secondary wings, containing minor rooms.
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1 - entablature, 2 - column, 3 - cornice, 4 - frieze, 5 - architrave or epistyle, 6 - capital (composed of abacus and volutes), 7 - shaft, 8 - base, 9 - stylobate, 10 - stereobate.
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A Vault (French. voute, Italian. volta, German. Gewölbe, Polish. sklepienie) is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof.
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Christianity

Foundations
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Louis XVIII
King of France and Navarre

Reign De jure 8 June 1795 – 16 September 1824
De facto 6 April 1814 – 20 March 1815; 8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824
Coronation None
Full name
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pavilion (from French, "pavillon") has two main significations.

Free-standing structure

Pavilion may refer to a free-standing structure sited a short distance from a main residence, whose architecture makes it an object of pleasure.
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State Party  France
Type Cultural
Criteria i, ii, vi
Reference 83
Region Europe and North America

Inscription History
Inscription 1979  (3rd Session)
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Charles X
King of France and Navarre

Reign 16 September, 1824 – 2 August, 1830
Coronation 28 May 1825, Reims
Full name Charles-Philippe
Titles Count of Artois (1757–1824)
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Saint-Sulpice (/sɛ̃ sylpis/) is a famous Parisian church on the east side of the Place Saint-Sulpice, in the Luxembourg Quarter of the VIe arrondissement.
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The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal
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Collège de France is a higher education and research establishment (Grand établissement) located in Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement, or Latin Quarter, across the street from the historical campus of La Sorbonne at the intersection of Rue Saint-Jacques and Rue des
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The Palais du Luxembourg in the VIe arrondissement of Paris, north of the Luxembourg Garden, is where the French Senate meets.

The formal Luxembourg Garden (Jardin du Luxembourg
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Executive Directory (in French Directoire exécutif), commonly known as the Directory (or Directoire) held executive power in France from November 2, 1795 until November 10, 1799: following the Convention and preceding the Consulate.
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Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly the Place de l'Étoile, at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. The arch honours those who fought for France, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars, and today also includes
..... Click the link for more information.
Napoléon I
Emperor of the French

Napoleon in His Study by Jacques-Louis David (1812)
Reign 20 March 1804–6 April 1814
1 March 1815–22 June 1815
Coronation 2 December 1804
Full name Napoléon Bonaparte
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The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, was the regime of Napoleon I in France, through which he dominated much of continental Europe.
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Claude Joseph Vernet (August 14, 1714 – December 3, 1789) was a French painter. His son, Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, was also a painter.

Biography

Vernet was born in Avignon.
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Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-P̩rigord, Prince de Benevente (February 2, 1754 РMay 17, 1838), the Prince of Diplomats, [1] was a French diplomat. He worked successfully from the regime of Louis XVI, through the French Revolution and then under Napoleon I,
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