John Baker (biologist)

Information about John Baker (biologist)

Dr. John Randal Baker F.R.S. (1900-1984) was a biologist, physical anthropologist, and professor at the University of Oxford (where he was the Emeritus Reader in Cytology) in the mid-twentieth century. He is best remembered for his 1974 book Race, which attempts to classify human races in the same way that animal subspecies are classified.

In Race, Baker explores the nature of civilization, giving 23 criteria that can readily identify them. He explores relations between the physical/biological traits and the cultures of five civilizations. Based on these criteria, Baker declared that Mesoamerican societies such as the Aztecs and Maya were not civilizations, and that no indigenous civilizations ever arose in Africa. Baker rejected the methodological relativism that has characterized anthropology since the days of Franz Boas, instead going back to earlier ideas of hereditarianism and cultural evolution.

Works

  • Sex in man and animals ... with a preface by Julian S. Huxley, 1926
  • Man and animals in the New Hebrides, 1929
  • Cytological technique, 1933
  • Biology in everyday life, 1934
  • Chemical control of conception, with a chapter by H. M. Carleton, 1935
  • Scientific life, 1942
  • Science and the planned state, 1945
  • Discovery of the uses of colouring agents in biological micro-technique, 1945
  • Path of science, by C.E. Kenneth Mees ... with the cooperation of John R. Baker ... 1946
  • Principles of biological microtechnique; a study of fixation and dyeing, 1958
  • Cytological technique; the principles underlying routine methods, 1960
  • Cell structure and its interpretation; essays presented to John Randal Baker, F.R.S. Edited by S. M. McGee-Russell and K. F. A. Ross, 1968
  • Race, 1974
  • Evolution : the modern synthesis by Julian Huxley ; with a new introd. edited by John R. Baker, 1974
  • Freedom of science, 1975
  • Julian Huxley, scientist and world citizen, 1887 to 1975 : a biographical memoir, with a bibliography compiled by Jens-Peter Green, 1978
  • Biology of parasitic protozoa, 1982
  • Cell theory : a restatement, history, and critique, 1988
Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a learned society for science that was founded in 1660 and claims to be the oldest such society still in existence.
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Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, "life"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge"), also referred to as the biological sciences, is the scientific study of life.
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Biological anthropology, or physical anthropology is a branch of anthropology that studies the mechanisms of biological evolution, genetic inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, primate morphology, and the fossil record of human evolution.
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University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. for post-nominals, from "Oxoniensis"), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Greek kytos, "container") is an academic discipline that studies cells. This includes their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with
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RACE can refer to:
  • Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe, a program launched in 1988 by the Commission of the European Communities
  • Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, a molecular biology technique

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Civilization (British English also civilisation) is a kind of human society or culture; specifically, a civilization is usually understood to be a complex society characterized by the practice of agriculture and settlement in cities.
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The Aztec world
Aztec society
Nahuatl language
Aztec calendar
Aztec religion
Aztec mythology
Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
Aztec history
Aztln
Aztec codices
Aztec warfare
Aztec Triple Alliance
Spanish conquest of Mexico
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Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its spectacular art, monumental architecture, and sophisticated mathematical and astronomical systems.
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Autochthon may mean:
  • Autochthon, the original inhabitants (indigenous peoples) of a place
  • Autochthonous language, the language of an indigenous people
  • Autochthonous church, the indigenous church of a people

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Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.4% of the total land area.
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Methodological relativism refers to a practice, by Anthropologists who are concerned with describing actual human behavior, in which the researcher suspends or brackets his or her own cultural biases while attempting to understand beliefs and behaviors in their local contexts.
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Franz Boas (July 9, 1858 – December 21, 1942[1]) was a German-born American pioneer of modern anthropology and is often called the "Father of American Anthropology".
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Sociocultural evolution(ism) is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have developed over time.
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Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887–14 February 1975) was an English evolutionary biologist, humanist and internationalist.
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Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a learned society for science that was founded in 1660 and claims to be the oldest such society still in existence.
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Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887–14 February 1975) was an English evolutionary biologist, humanist and internationalist.
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