John IV Doukas Laskaris or
Ducas Lascaris (
Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Δούκας Λάσκαρις,
Iōannēs IV Doukas Laskaris),
December 25 1250 – c.
1305) was emperor of
Nicaea from
August 18,
1258 to
December 25,
1261. This small
empire was one of the Greek states founded after the capture of
Constantinople by Western European Christians during the
Fourth Crusade in 1204, which caused a fragmentation of the
Byzantine Empire.
John was a son of
Theodore II Doukas Laskaris and Elena Asenina. His maternal grandparents were Emperor
Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria and his second wife
Anna Maria of Hungary. Anna was originally named Mária and was the eldest daughter of
Andrew II of Hungary and
Gertrude of Merania.
John IV was only seven years old when he inherited the throne on the death of his father. The young monarch was the last member of the Laskarid dynasty, which had done much to restore the Byzantine Empire. His
regent was originally the bureaucrat George Mouzalon, but that position was usurped by the aristocrat Michael Palaiologos, who later made himself co-emperor as
Michael VIII on
January 1,
1259.
After Michael's conquest of
Constantinople on
July 25,
1261, John IV was left behind at Nicaea, and was later blinded on Michael's orders on his eleventh birthday,
December 25 1261. This made him ineligible for the throne, and he was exiled and imprisoned in a fortress in
Bithynia. This action caused the excommunication of Michael VIII Palaiologos by the Patriarch
Arsenius Autoreianus, and a later revolt led by a Pseudo-John IV near Nicaea.
John IV spent the remainder of his life as monk, under the name Joasaph. In 1290 he was visited by
Andronikos II Palaiologos, who sought forgiveness for his father's blinding of John IV three decades earlier. The deposed emperor died about 1305 and was eventually recognized as a saint, whose memory was revered in Constantinople in the 14th century.
References
Greek}}}
Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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December 25 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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Gregorian calendar 1250
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Ab urbe condita 2003
Armenian calendar 699
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Bah' calendar -594 – -593
Buddhist calendar 1794
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
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The Empire of Nicaea (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Νίκαιας) was the largest of the Byzantine Greek states founded by the nobility of the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was
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August 18 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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Ab urbe condita 2011
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Bah' calendar -586 – -585
Buddhist calendar 1802
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December 25 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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Gregorian calendar 1261
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Ab urbe condita 2014
Armenian calendar 710
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Bah' calendar -583 – -582
Buddhist calendar 1805
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empire (from the Latin "imperium", denoting military command within the ancient Roman government). Generally, they may define an empire as a state that extends dominion over populations distinct culturally and ethnically from the culture/ethnicity at the center of power.
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Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis, or Πόλις, Polis
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Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of the West invaded and conquered the Greek Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.
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Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.
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Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Θεόδωρος Β΄ Δούκας Λάσκαρις, Theodōros II Doukas Laskaris
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Ivan Asen II
Tsar of Bulgaria
Reign 1218–24 June 1241
Died 24 May 1241
Predecessor Boril
Successor Kaliman Asen I
Consort Anna (Anisija)
Anna Maria of Hungary
Eirene (Xene)
Issue
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Anna Maria of Hungary (1204-1237) was a daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania. In January 1221 she married Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria as his second wife.
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Andrew II (Hungarian: András or Endre, Slovak: Ondrej, Croatian: Andrija I.) (c. 1175 – October 26, 1235) was king of Hungary from 1205 until 1235 as a member of Árpád dynasty.
Andrew was a son of King Bela III.
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Gertrude of Merania (1185 – September 24 1213) was the first wife of Andrew II, king of Hungary. She was the daughter of Berthold IV, Duke of Merania. Her sister was Agnes of Merania, a famous beauty, who married King Philippe Auguste of France. Yet another sister was St.
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A Regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" , is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated. Thus, the common use is for an acting deputy governor.
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Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μιχαήλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos
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January 1 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.
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1259 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1259
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Ab urbe condita 2012
Armenian calendar 708
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Bah' calendar -585 – -584
Buddhist calendar 1803
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Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis, or Πόλις, Polis
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July 25 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
Events
- 306 - Constantine I proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
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Gregorian calendar 1261
MCCLXI
Ab urbe condita 2014
Armenian calendar 710
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Bah' calendar -583 – -582
Buddhist calendar 1805
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December 25 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
Events
..... Click the link for more information. 1261 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1261
MCCLXI
Ab urbe condita 2014
Armenian calendar 710
ԹՎ ՉԺ
Bah' calendar -583 – -582
Buddhist calendar 1805
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Bithynia was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine (today Black Sea).
Description
..... Click the link for more information. Arsenius Autorianus (13th century), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, lived about the middle of the 13th century.[1]
He received his education in Nicaea at a monastery of which he later became the abbot, though not in orders.
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Andronikos II Palaiologos or Andronicus II Palaeologus (Greek: Ανδρόνικος Β' Παλαιολόγος
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