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John Talbot, 1st Earl Of Shrewsbury

For other people named John Talbot, see John Talbot (disambiguation).


Enlarge picture
The death of John Talbot at the Battle of Castillon.


John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1384/1390 – 17 July 1453) was an important English military commander during the Hundred Years' War.

Family

He was second son of Richard, 4th Baron Talbot, by Ankaret, heiress of the last Lord Strange of Blackmere.

Talbot was married on 12 March 1406 to Maud Nevill, daughter and heiress of Thomas Nevill, 5th Baron Furnivall, the son of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby. He was summoned to Parliament in her right from 1409.

Children

The couple had four children: In 1421 by the death of his niece he acquired the Baronies of Talbot and Strange.

2nd Marriage

He married, secondly, Lady Margaret Beauchamp, daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth de Berkeley, on 6 September 1425 and had four children:

Early career

From 1404 to 1413 he served with his elder brother Gilbert in the Welsh war or the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr. Then for five years from February 1414 he was lieutenant of Ireland, where he held the honour of Wexford. He did some fighting, and had a sharp quarrel with the Earl of Ormonde. Complaints were made against him both for harsh government in Ireland and for violence in Herefordshire. From 1420 to 1424 he served in France. In 1425 he was again for a short time lieutenant in Ireland.

Service in France

So far his career was that of a turbulent Marcher Lord, employed in posts where a rough hand was useful. In 1427 he went again to France, where he fought with distinction in Maine and at the Siege of Orléans. He fought at the Battle of Patay where he was captured and held prisoner for four years.

He was released in exchange for the French leader Jean Poton de Xaintrailles. Talbot was a daring and aggressive soldier, perhaps the most audacious Captain of the Age. He and his forces acted as a kind of fire brigade ever ready to retake a town and to meet a French advance. His trademark was rapid aggressive attacks. He won 40 battles and skirmishes in his efforts to sustain the English cause in France. Talbot's exploits were numerous. In January 1436 he led a small force including Kyriell and routed La Hire and Xaintrailles at Ry near Rouen. The following year at Crotoy, after a daring passage of the Somme, he put a numerous Burgundian force to flight. In December 1439, following a surprise flank attack on their camp, he dispersed the 6000 strong army of the Constable Richemont, and the following year he retook Harfleur. In 1441 he pursued the French army 4 times over the Seine and Oise rivers in an unavailing attempt to bring it to battle.

The English Achilles

Talbot's reputation was high in France, where he was regarded with awe, being described as the "English Achilles" by French Chroniclers. The biographer of the Constable Richemont said that: "The English and their captains, above all Talbot had a well established reputation for superiority." Richemont knew them better than anyone.

He was appointed in 1445 by Henry VI of England (as King of France) as Constable of France. Taken hostage at Rouen in 1449 he promised never to wear armour against the French King again, and he was true to his word. He was defeated and killed in 1453 at the Battle of Castillon near Bordeaux, which effectively ended English rule in the duchy of Gascony, a principal cause of the Hundred Years' War. His heart was buried in the doorway of the main parish church of St Alkmund's in Whitchurch, Shropshire, where the local secondary school is named for him as Sir John Talbot's School.

The victorious French generals raised a monument to Talbot on the field called Notre Dame de Talbot. And the French Chroniclers paid him handsome tribute:

"Such was the end of this famous and renowned English leader who for so long had been one of the most formidable thorns in the side of the French, who regarded him with terror and dismay" - Matthew d'Escourcy

Although Talbot is generally remembered as a great soldier, some have raised doubts as to his generalship. In particular, charges of rashness have been raised against him. Speed and aggression are key elements in granting success in medieval war, and Talbot's numerical inferiority necessitated surprise. Furthermore, he was often in the position of trying to force battle on unwilling opponents. At his defeat at Patay in 1429 he was advised not to fight there by Sir John Fastolf, who was subsequently blamed for the debacle, but the French, inspired by Joan of Arc, showed unprecedented fighting spirit - usually they approached an English position with great circumspection. The charge of rashness is perhaps more justifiable at Castillon where Talbot, misled by false reports of a French retreat, attacked their entrenched camp frontally - facing wheel to wheel artillery and a 6 to 1 inferiority in numbers.

He is portrayed heroically in William Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part I: "Valiant Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, Created, for his rare success in arms"

Political offices
Preceded by
New Creation		Lord High Steward of Ireland
1446–1453		Succeeded by
The Earl of Shrewsbury
Peerage of England
Preceded by
New Creation		Earl of Shrewsbury
1442–1453		Succeeded by
John Talbot
Preceded by
Ankaret Talbot		Baron Talbot
1421–1453		Succeeded by
John Talbot
Baron Strange of Blackmere
1421–1453
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by
New Creation		Earl of Waterford
1446–1453		Succeeded by
John Talbot

References

John Talbot may refer to:

Nobles


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1384 in other calendars
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Hundred Years' War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. It was fought primarily over claims by the English kings to the French throne and was punctuated by several brief and two lengthy periods of peace before it finally ended in the
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John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby (1328 – 17 October 1388) was born at Castle Raby, County Durham, England to Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice Audley.
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Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. Its roots can be traced back to the early medieval period. In a series of developments, it came increasingly to constrain the power of the monarch, and went on after the Act of Union 1707 to form the main basis of
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John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford KG (c. 1413 – July 10, 1460), was an English nobleman and soldier. He was the son of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Maud Nevill.

He was knighted in 1426 at Leicester alongside King Henry VI.
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July 11 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


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14th century - 15th century - 16th century
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1457 1458 1459 - 1460 - 1461 1462 1463

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July 10 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


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14th century - 15th century - 16th century
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1457 1458 1459 - 1460 - 1461 1462 1463

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Baron Talbot is a title that has been created twice. The title was created first in the Peerage of England. On 5 June 1331, Sir Gilbert Talbot was summoned to Parliament, by which he is held to have become Baron Talbot.
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The title Baron Strange of/de Blackmere was created once in the Peerage of England. On 13 January 1309 Fulk le Strange was summoned to parliament. On the death of the fifth baron in 1375, it was inherited by Elizabeth Mowbray, née le Strange.
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Margaret Beauchamp, Countess of Shrewsbury (1404 – 14 June, 1468), was the eldest daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth de Berkeley.

Ancestry


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Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (23 January 1382 – 30 April 1439) was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.

Birth

He was born at Salwarpe in Worcestershire, the son of Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, and Margaret, daughter of the
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John Talbot, 1st Viscount Lisle (1423 – July 17, 1453), English nobleman and medieval soldier, was the son of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, and his second wife Margaret Beauchamp.
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July 17 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


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14th century - 15th century - 16th century
1420s  1430s  1440s  - 1450s -  1460s  1470s  1480s
1450 1451 1452 - 1453 - 1454 1455 1456

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John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk (18 October, 1444 – January 14 1476), was the only son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and Eleanor Bourchier. His maternal grandparents were William Bourchier, Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester.
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Lady Eleanor Talbot (died 30 June, 1468) was a daughter of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury. Her pre-contract of marriage with King Edward IV of England was of great significance to the final fate of the Plantagenet dynasty and outcome of the War of the Roses.
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Edward IV
By the Grace of God, King of England
and France and Lord of Ireland.

Reign March 3, 1461 – 31 October, 1470
and April 11, 1471 – April 9, 1483
Coronation June 28, 1461
Born
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The Lordship of Ireland (1171-1541) was the nominally all-island Irish state created in the wake of the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169-71.

Background

The authority of the Lordship of Ireland's government was seldom extended throughout the island of Ireland at
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Wexford (derived from Old Norse Veisafjǫrðr (in some sources spelled "Waes Fiord") – veisa meaning "mudflat, stagnant pool", also Irish: Loch Garman, Latin: Menapia) is the county town of County Wexford in the Republic of Ireland.
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