Julia Livilla

Information about Julia Livilla

Roman imperial dynasties
Julio-Claudian dynasty

Julia Livilla, daughter of Germanicus
Augustus
Children
   Natural - Julia the Elder
   Adoptive - Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Agrippa Postumus, Tiberius
Tiberius
Children
   Natural - Julius Caesar Drusus
   Adoptive - Germanicus
Caligula
Children
   Natural - Julia Drusilla
   Adoptive - Tiberius Gemellus
Claudius
Children
   Natural - Claudia Antonia, Claudia Octavia, Britannicus
   Adoptive - Nero
Nero
Children
   Natural - Claudia Augusta
Julia Livilla (Classical Latin: IVLIA•LIVILLA, or IVLIA•GERMANICI•FILIA[1]) (Lesbos, early 18 - Pandateria (?), late 41 or early 42) was the youngest child of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder and one of Caligula's sisters.

Life

Julia Livilla was mainly raised by her mother, the Emperor Tiberius, his mother Livia Drusilla (also her great grandmother), and her grandmother Antonia Minor. She was born on the Greek island of Lesbos (leading Robert Graves to refer to her as "Lesbia" in his I, Claudius and Claudius the God). In most ancient literary sources, on inscriptions and on coins, she's simply called 'Julia'. It is possible that she dropped the use of her cognomen after the damnatio memoriae of her aunt Livilla, after whom she was named.

Julia Livilla was first betrothed to a distant cousin, Quinctilius Varus, son of the ill-fated governor of Germania, Publius Quinctilius Varus, and of Claudia Pulchra, granddaughter of Octavia Minor, sister of Augustus (Elder Seneca, Controversiae, 1.3.10), but after Quinctillius was charged of maiestas in 27, the marriage did not occur. In 33, she married Marcus Vinicius. Vinicius' family came from a small town outside of Rome. He descended from a family of knights and his father and grandfather were consuls. Her husband was mild in character and was an elaborate orator. Vinicius was appointed by Tiberius as a commissioner in early 37. He was also consul in 30 and proconsul of Asia in 38/39. According to an inscription, Julia Livilla may have accompanied her husband in Asia during his proconsulship (cf. Raepsaet-Charlier, p. 380).

Little is known of Julia Livilla. During the first years of Caligula's reign, she, along with her elder sisters Agrippina and Drusilla, received considerable honours and striking privileges, such as the rights of the Vestal Virgins (like the freedom to view public games from the upper seats in the stadium), the inclusion of her name in the oath of loyalty to the emperor and her depiction on coins (Suetonius, Vita Caligulae, 15.3; Barrett, Agrippina, pp. 52-53). She seemed to have enjoyed a rather wild life at the court of Caligula and according to Suetonius (Suetonius, Vita Caligulae, 24), she, along with Agrippina, allowed herself to be prostituted by her brother to his catamites. Ancient writers even report gossip of incestuous relationships between Caligula and his sisters, including Julia Livilla.

In 39, she was involved in an unsuccessful conspiracy (led perhaps by the ambitious Agrippina) to overthrow Caligula and to replace him by his brother-in-law Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (Drusilla's widower, but also lover of Agrippina and Julia Livilla). She and her sister Agrippina were banished to the Pontian Islands (they were perhaps separated in their exile and each one sent to a different island). After Caligula's murder, she returned from exile. Later in 41, she fell out of favour with Messalina and was charged by her uncle Claudius with adultery with the philosopher Seneca. Both were exiled. She was probably sent to Pandateria. Political considerations may have played a role in Julia Livilla's fate, more than just moral or domestic preoccupations as inferred in the ancient sources. In late 41 or early 42, her uncle ordered her execution, apparently by starvation, without a defence and on unsupported charges. Her remains were later brought back to Rome, probably when her sister Agrippina became empress; they were laid to rest in the mausoleum of Augustus (Barrett, Agrippina, p. 82)

A series of portrait heads, usually known as the Leptis-Malta type, has been identified as Julia Livilla (Rose, Dynastic Commemoration, nr. 21, pp. 68-69).

Notes

1. ^ E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen - e.a. (edd.), Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III (PIR), Berlin, 1933 - I 674

See also

References

Biography

  • E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen - e.a. (edd.), Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III, Berlin, 1933 - . (PIR2)
  • Raepsaet-Charlier M.-Th., Prosopographie des femmes de l'ordre sénatorial (Ier-IIe siècles), 2 vol., Louvain, 1987, 633 ff.
  • Barrett, Anthony A., Agrippina: Sex, Power and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996.
  • Levick, Barbara, Claudius. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990.

Portraiture

  • Rose, Charles Brian, Dynastic Commemoration and Imperial Portraiture in the Julio-Claudian Period. Cambridge, 1997.
  • Wood, Susan, Diva Drusilla Panthea and the Sisters of Caligula, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 99, No. 3. (Jul., 1995), pp. 457-482.

Ancient

The Julio-Claudian Dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. They ruled the Roman Empire from 27 BC to AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.
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Augustus Caesar
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Reign January 16 27 BC – August 19 AD 14
Full name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Born September 23, 63 BC
Rome, Roman Republic
Died August 19, AD 14 (age 76)
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Julia the Elder (October 39 BC - 14), known to her contemporaries as Julia Caesaris filia or
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See also Gaius Julius Caesar, for others of the same name.
Gaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus (20 BC - AD 4), most commonly known as Gaius Caesar, was the oldest son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder.[1].
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Lucius Julius Caesar (17 BC-2), most commonly known as Lucius Caesar, was the second son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder. He was born with the name Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa
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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus (12 BC-14), also known as Agrippa Postumus or Postumus Agrippa, was a son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder. His maternal grandparents were Roman Emperor Augustus and his second wife Scribonia.
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Tiberius
Emperor of the Roman Empire

A bust of the Emperor Tiberius
Reign AD 14–AD 37
Full name Tiberius Caesar Augustus
(born Tiberius Claudius Nero)
Born November 16, 42 BC
Rome
Died
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Tiberius
Emperor of the Roman Empire

A bust of the Emperor Tiberius
Reign AD 14–AD 37
Full name Tiberius Caesar Augustus
(born Tiberius Claudius Nero)
Born November 16, 42 BC
Rome
Died
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Tiberius Drusus Claudius Julius Caesar Nero or Julius Caesar Drusus or Drusus Julius Caesar (his adoption name) (13 BC-September 14 23), was the only son of Tiberius and his first wife, Vipsania Agrippina.
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Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus (24 May 15 BC–October 10, 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. He was called either Nero Claudius Drusus or Tiberius Claudius Nero at birth and received the agnomen "Germanicus"
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Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Bust of Emperor Caligula in the Louvre
Reign 37–41
(Consul from 39)
Full name Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Born
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Julia Drusilla (Classical Latin: IVLIA•DRVSILLA [1]) (39-41) was the only child and daughter of Roman Emperor Gaius (Caligula) and his fourth and last wife Caesonia.
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Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus, known as Tiberius Gemellus, (10 October AD 19–AD 37 or 38) was the son of Drusus and Livilla, the grandson of Tiberius, and the cousin of Gaius Caligula. Gemellus is a nickname meaning "the twin".
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Claudius
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Reign January 24 41–October 13 54
Full name Tiberius Claudius Caesar
Augustus Germanicus (Britannicus AD44)
Born August 1 10 BC
Lugdunum
Died September 13 54 (age 64)

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(Claudia) Antonia (Classical Latin: ANTONIA•CLAUDII•CAESARIS•FILIA [1]) (ca. 30–66) was the daughter of the later Roman Emperor Claudius from his second marriage to Aelia Paetina.
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For other Roman noble women of this name, see .
Claudia Octavia or Octavia Neronis (Classical Latin: CLAVDIA•OCTAVIA [1]) (Late 39 or early 40-9 June 62) was a Roman Empress, step-sister and first wife to Roman Emperor Nero.
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Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus (February 12,41 - February 11,55) was the son of the Roman emperor Claudius and his third wife Messalina. He became the heir-designate of the empire at his birth, less than a month into his father's reign.
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Nero
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Nero at Glyptothek, Munich
Reign October 13, 54 – June 9, 68
(Proconsul from 51)
Full name Nero Claudius Caesar
Augustus Germanicus
Born November 15 37
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Nero
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Nero at Glyptothek, Munich
Reign October 13, 54 – June 9, 68
(Proconsul from 51)
Full name Nero Claudius Caesar
Augustus Germanicus
Born November 15 37
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Claudia Augusta (PIR2 C 1061) was the only daughter of the Roman Emperor Nero by his second wife Roman Empress Poppaea Sabina. She was born in Antium on 21 January 63.

Nero honored Claudia and her mother with the title of Augusta.
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Lesbos
Λέσβο?

Olympos peak rises 968 meters over Lesbos
Geography

Island Chain: North Aegean
Total Isles: 16
Area:[1] 1,632.819 km (0 sq.mi.
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1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century
10s BC  0s BC  0s  - 10s -  20s  30s  40s
15     16    17  - 18 -  19  20  21
This article is about the year 18.

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Country Italy
Region Lazio
Province Latina (LT)
Mayor Giuseppe Assenso (since April 4, 2005)

Area km
Population
 - Total
 - Density /km
Time zone CET, UTC+1

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1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century
10s  20s  30s  - 40s -  50s  60s  70s
38  39  40  - 41 -  42  43  44
This article is about the year 41. For other uses, see 41 (number).

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1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century
10s  20s  30s  - 40s -  50s  60s  70s
39  40  41  - 42 -  43  44  45
This article is about the year 42. For other uses, see 42 (number).

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Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus (24 May 15 BC–October 10, 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. He was called either Nero Claudius Drusus or Tiberius Claudius Nero at birth and received the agnomen "Germanicus"
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(Julia Vipsania) Agrippina (PIR1 V 463) (14 BC – 18 October 33), most commonly known as Agrippina Major or Agrippina "the Elder", was one of the most prominent women in the Roman Empire in the early 1st century AD.
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Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Emperor of the Roman Empire

Bust of Emperor Caligula in the Louvre
Reign 37–41
(Consul from 39)
Full name Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Born
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Tiberius
Emperor of the Roman Empire

A bust of the Emperor Tiberius
Reign AD 14–AD 37
Full name Tiberius Caesar Augustus
(born Tiberius Claudius Nero)
Born November 16, 42 BC
Rome
Died
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