Kayumars

Information about Kayumars

“Kayumars” redirects here. For other uses, see Kayumars (disambiguation).


Keyumars (کیومرث), older Persian Kayōmart, was the first Shāh of the world according to the poet Firdausī's Shāhnāma. The character of Keyumars is based upon a figure from a Zoroastrian creation myth, called in the Avesta Gayō Marətan and in later Zoroastrian texts Gayōmard or Gayōmart.

Etymology

In the Avestan language, gaya means "life", and marətan means "mortal" or "human" (cf. Persian mard مرد "man"). Gayō Marətan, being in the beginning the only human in the world, is "human life" in its entirety.

Gayōmart in Zoroastrian literature

According to the Zoroastrian creation myth, Gayōmart was the first human being, created by Ahura Mazda after he had created the Earth. Gayōmart was neither man nor woman. Angra Mainyu, the force of Evil, sent a demon to kill Gayōmart, from whose body sprang a tree, which bore the first man, Mashya, and the first woman, Mashyana.

Keyumars in the Shāhnāma

Firdausī's great epic poem, the Shāhnāma, begins with the story of Keyumars. He was the first king to arise among humans, who at that time lived in mountain caves and wore the skins of leopards. God (Ahura Mazda) granted him the supernatural radiance called farr (Avestan xvarənah), reserved to kings. His son was Siyāmak, Siamak, (سیامک), who was beloved of all except the devil Ahriman. Ahriman raised an army under the command of his own demonic son, and when the angel Sorush (Avestan Sraoša) warned Keyumars, Siyāmak led an army of his own. But when Siyāmak accepted a challenge to single combat, he died at the hands of the demon.

Keyumars mourned for a year, and then Sorush advised him to fight Ahriman once more. Siyāmak's son Hushang was grown by this time, and he led an army that defeated Ahriman's son, who was bound and beheaded. Keyumars died after a thirty-year reign, leaving his throne to Hushang.

Preceded by
none		Legendary Kings of the Shāhnāma
0-30		Succeeded by
Hushang
Persian literature series
شاهنامه فردوسی
Shahnameh of Ferdowsi
Characters: Abtin | Arash | Afrāsiāb | Bizhan | Esfandiār | Fereydun | Goodarz | Gordāfarid | Hushang | Jamshid | Kāveh | Kai Khosrow | Kiumars | Manuchehr | Manizheh | Rakhsh | Rohām | Rostam | Rostam Farrokhzad | Rudābeh | Sām | Shaghād | Siāmak | Siāvash | Simurgh | Sohrāb | Tahmineh | Tahmuras | Zāl | Zahhāk
Places: Irān | Māzandarān | Samangān | Turān | Zābolestān | Kābul | Birjand
Kayumars may refer to:
  • Kayumars, a Persian mythical king
  • Kayumars of Delhi

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Shah is a Persian term for a monarch (ruler) that has been adopted in many other languages. This term is a Post Islamic Revolution term for monarchs in Iran which is replaced by valie faghih or Supreme Leader.
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Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Firdawsī Tūsī (Persian: حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی
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Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma (Persian: شاهنامه)(alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc.
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Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht). Mazdaism is the religion that acknowledges the divine authority of Ahura Mazda, proclaimed by Zoroaster to be the one uncreated Creator of
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The Raven and The First Men, showing part of a Haida creation story. The Raven represents the Trickster figure common to many mythologies. The work is in the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology, Vancouver.
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The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. The texts originate over a period spanning most of the 1st millennium BC, and notably include the Old Avestan
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Avestan}}} 
Writing system: Avestan alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1: ae
ISO 639-2: ave
ISO 639-3: ave  

Avestan
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Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht). Mazdaism is the religion that acknowledges the divine authority of Ahura Mazda, proclaimed by Zoroaster to be the one uncreated Creator of
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The Raven and The First Men, showing part of a Haida creation story. The Raven represents the Trickster figure common to many mythologies. The work is in the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology, Vancouver.
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Ahura Mazda (Ahura Mazdā) is the Avestan language name for a divinity exalted by Zoroaster as the one uncreated Creator, hence God.
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Angra Mainyu (alt: Aŋra Mainiuu) is the Avestan-language name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis of the satanic "destructive spirit". The Middle Persian equivalent is Ahriman.
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According to the Zoroastrian cosmogony, Mashya and Mashyana were the first man and woman whose procreation gave rise to the human race.

The names are from Avestan, nominally transliterated as mašyā and
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According to the Zoroastrian cosmogony, Mashya and Mashyana were the first man and woman whose procreation gave rise to the human race.

The names are from Avestan, nominally transliterated as mašyā and
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For other meanings of epic, see .
The epic is long, exalted narrative poetry, generally concerning a serious subject and details the heroic deeds and events important to a culture or nation.
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Ahura Mazda (Ahura Mazdā) is the Avestan language name for a divinity exalted by Zoroaster as the one uncreated Creator, hence God.
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Angra Mainyu (alt: Aŋra Mainiuu) is the Avestan-language name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis of the satanic "destructive spirit". The Middle Persian equivalent is Ahriman.
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Sraosha is the Avestan language name of the Zoroastrian divinity of "Obedience" or "Observance", which is also the literal meaning of his name.

In the Middle Persian commentaries of the 9th-12th centuries, the divinity appears as Srosh.
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Hushang or Hōshang (in Persian: هوشنگ), older Persian Hōšang, was the second Shāh to rule the world according to Ferdowsi's Shāhnāma.
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Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma (Persian: شاهنامه)(alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc.
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Hushang or Hōshang (in Persian: هوشنگ), older Persian Hōšang, was the second Shāh to rule the world according to Ferdowsi's Shāhnāma.
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Persian literature (Persian: ادبیات پارسی) spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost.
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Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma (Persian: شاهنامه)(alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc.
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Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Firdawsī Tūsī (Persian: حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی
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Persian literature series
شاهنامه فردوسی
Shahnameh of Ferdowsi
Characters: Abtin | Arash
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Abtin (Abteen) (Persian: آبتين) is a character in Shahnama (national epic of Iran), Fereydun's father. His name means "The one with good thoughts, good words and good deeds" (see Zoroastrian). Abteen is also synonymous with sphinx.
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Âraŝ, the Archer (Persian: آرش کمانگیر Āraš-e Kamāngīr) is a heroic archer of the Persian mythology.
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Afrasiab (afrāsiyāb) (Persian: افراسياب; Avestan: Fraŋrasyan; Pahlavi: Frāsiyāv, Frāsiyāk and Freangrāsyāk
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Bijan (in Persian: بیژن), is a Persian male given name.

The following people have the given name Bijan:
  • Bijan, a character in the Persian epic Shahnameh, in the story of Bijan and Manijeh.

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