Türkçe ansiklopedi, sözlük, genel başvuru ve bilgi sitesi   
  		  Yardım
  Rastgele    

Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies

Regno delle Due Sicilie
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
←
 
←
1816 – 1861 →
Enlarge picture
border
Flag (1738-1848 & 1849-1860)Coat of arms
Anthem
Inno al Re
Enlarge picture
Location of Two Sicilies
Map of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
CapitalNaples
Language(s)official language Italian Sicilian, Neapolitan
GovernmentMonarchy Two Sicilies, 1816]]|Not specified }}
King
 - 1816-1825Ferdinand I
 - 1859-1861Francis II
History
 - Established12 December, 1816
 - Italian Unification12 February, 1861
Area
 - 1860111,900 km² (0 sq mi)
Population
 - 1860 est.8,703,000 
     Density0 /km  (0 /sq mi)


The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples, I of the Two Sicilies bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration of his power in 1816. The capital city of the kingdom was Naples.

Origin of the Two Sicilies

Before the French invasions of the Napoleonic Era, the Bourbon dynasty ruled over the same lands, but they were formally divided into the "Kingdom of Naples" and the "Kingdom of Sicily".

Charles VII inherited the Spanish Crown as Charles III of Spain on 10 August 1759. By article II of the Treaty of Naples of 3 October of that year, he was required to establish the Infante Don Ferdinando, his third son (fourth-born because of the exclusion of the eldest (Prince Philip, Duke of Calabria), who was severely retarded) as King of the Two Sicilies.

The new Sovereign received the Two Sicilies Crown, as Ferdinando IV of Naples and III of Sicily, by the Pragmatic Decree of 6 October 1759. This ordained that the succession should pass by male primogeniture among the descendants of King Ferdinand, and failing them of his younger brothers, unless the Crown of Spain was united with the Sovereignty of the Two Sicilies, in which case the latter had to be ceded to a son, grandson or great-grandson of the prince who so combined both successions.

In the event of the male heirs of King Carlos III becoming extinct, the Two Sicilies Crown would pass to the nearest female heiress of the last King. After the change in the name of the kingdom, Infante Ferdinand became known as King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.

History of the name

The name Two Sicilies derived from the splitting of the Kingdom of Sicily in 1282. Though ruled as a unit for a century and a half, the island and mainland parted ways when the Sicilian Vespers rose up and threw off Neapolitan rule, accepting in its stead Aragon.

The Angevin Kings of Naples retained the mainland and continued the name Kingdom of Sicily in order to assert their claim; for some time the southern peninsula was known as the Kingdom of Sicily this side of Cape Faro, for the lighthouse on the mainland side of the Strait of Messina, although the Kingdom of Sicily per se did not use the name.

The two kingdoms were not independent under the same home ruler until 1735 under Charles (to become later Charles III of Spain), and were not legally reunited until after the 1815 Congress of Vienna.

Between 1816 and 1848 the island of Sicily experienced no less than three popular revolts against Bourbon rule, including the revolution of independence of 1848, when the island was fully independent of Bourbon control for 16 months.

Apart from having occurred at an interesting point in European history (see Revolutions of 1848), there is a clear link between this revolution and the more well known historical event that was to occur 11 years hence (the Risorgimento).

Kings of the Two Sicilies, 1816-1861

In 1860-1861 the kingdom was conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the title dropped. It is still claimed by the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

Other people of the House of Two Sicilies include:

Titles of King of the Two Sicilies

Francis I, King of the Two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, etc, Duke of Parma, Piacenza, Castro, etc, Hereditary Grand Prince of Tuscany, etc

House of Bourbon Two Sicilies in exile

Some Sovereigns continued to maintain diplomatic relations with the exiled Court, including the Emperor of Austria, the Kings of Bavaria, Württemberg and Hanover, the Queen of Spain, the Emperor of Russia, and the Papacy.

Heads of the Royal House of the Two Sicilies, 1861-present

Upon Ferdinando Pio's death in 1960, there was a dispute about who inherited the headship of the house. Ferdinando's next brother Carlo had, in anticipation of his marriage to the eldest sister and heiress presumptive of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, signed the so-called Act of Cannes on 14 December 1900:
...Here present is His Royal Highness Prince Don Carlo our dearest loved Son and he has declared that he shall be entering into marriage with Her Royal Highness the Infanta Doña Maria Mercedes, Princess of the Asturias, and assuming by that marriage the nationality and quality of Spanish Prince, intends to renounce, and by this present act solemnly renounces for Himself and for his Heirs and Successors to any right and rights to the eventual succession to the Crown of the Two Sicilies and to all the Properties of the Royal House found in Italy and elsewhere and this according to our laws, constitutions and customs of the Family and in execution of the Pragmatic Decree of King Charles III, Our August ancestor, of the 6th October 1759, to whose prescriptions he declares freely and explicitly to subscribe to and obey.[1]
The laws of the deposed Sicilian dynasty and Spain's Pragmatic Decree, however, required a renunciation only in very limited circumstances: the actual union of the Crown of the Two Sicilies in the person of the King of Spain or his heir apparent, which had not happened in 1900 nor did it occur subsequently. Furthermore, this act was signed subsequent to the agreement by marriage contract between the Count of Caserta (the father of prince Carlo, then head of the Royal House in exile), and the Queen Regent of Spain, which specifically excluded the need for a dynastic renunciation to the non-existent throne. Prince Carlo was created an Infante of Spain, a title held by several other princes of the Two Sicilies in the past, but with his wife's death and the birth of a Prince of Asturias (and three other sons) to the King and Queen of Spain, the possibility of him becoming king consort and his son becoming both King of Spain and pretender to the Two Sicilies, receded. All the descendants of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies by his wife, Infanta Isabel, already enjoyed a right to the Spanish throne by virtue of the royal constitutions of 1837, 1845 and 1876.

Calabria line

Prince Carlo's son, Infante Don Alfonso, became the senior male of the house on the death of his uncle, Ferdinando Pio, Duke of Calabria, in 1960 and was proclaimed Head of the Royal House of the Two Sicilies, with the recognition of the Heads of the royal houses of Spain, Parma and Portugal, and the senior line (Bourbon) pretender to the throne of France. Prince Carlo and his descendants continued to be included as Princes of the Two Sicilies in the Almanach de Gotha from 1901-1944, and in the Libro d'Oro of the Italian Nobility from the first edition in 1907 until 1964, at which time the editor came out in support of the cadet line claimant. Infante Don Alfonso took the title of Duke of Calabria, considering that the title of Duke of Castro (a Farnese inheritance) had been lost with the sale of the last portions of the duchy to the Italian government in 1941 (a sale from which Prince Carlo received his portion of the proceeds, along with his brothers and sisters, although if the alleged renunciation of 1900 had been valid he would not have been entitled to do so). Prince Carlo married as his second wife, in 1907, Princess Louise of Orléans, and by her had a son (Carlos, killed in the Spanish Civil War) and three daughters (of whom Princess Maria Mercedes married Juan, Count of Barcelona and was the mother of King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and Princess Esperanza married Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza). The descent in the senior line is as follows: The latter's immediate heir is Pedro, Duke of Noto, married to D. Sofia de Landaluce y Melgarejo (a descendant through her mother of the Dukes of San Fernando de Quiroga).

Most of the rest of the Bourbon-Two Sicilies family rejected Alfonso's claims, however, and recognized Ranieri, the next surviving brother of Ferdinando Pio, as head of the house. Ranieri took the style of "Duke of Castro" as his title of pretence. The representatives of the junior branch are as follows: They also claim the office of the Grand Master of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George.

Current lines of succession



To Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Castro:
  1. Prince Carlo of the Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria (born 1963), married to Camilla Crociani
  2. Prince Antoine of the Two Sicilies (born 1929), married to Duchess Elizabeth of Wurttemberg
  3. Prince François of the Two Sicilies (born 1960), married to Countess Alexandra of Schönborn-Wiesentheid
  4. Prince Antoine of the Two Sicilies (born 2003)
  5. Prince Gennaro of the Two Sicilies (born 1966)
  6. Prince Casimir of the Two Sicilies (born 1938)
  7. Prince Louis of the Two Sicilies (born 1970) married to Christine Apovian
  8. Prince Alexander of the Two Sicilies (born 1974), a Catholic Priest


To Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
  1. Prince Pedro, Duke of Noto married to D. Sofia de Landaluce y Melgarejo
  2. Prince Ferdinand of the Two Sicilies, Duke of Castro (born 1927), married to Chantal de Chevron-Villette
  3. Prince Carlo of the Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria (born 1963), married to Camilla Crociani
  4. Prince Antoine of the Two Sicilies (born 1929), married to Duchess Elizabeth of Wurttemberg
  5. Prince François of the Two Sicilies (born 1960), married to Countess Alexandra of Schönborn-Wiesentheid
  6. Prince Antoine of the Two Sicilies (born 2003)
  7. Prince Gennaro of the Two Sicilies (born 1966)
  8. Prince Casimir of the Two Sicilies (born 1938)
  9. Prince Louis of the Two Sicilies (born 1970) married to Christine Apovian
  10. Prince Alexander of the Two Sicilies (born 1974), a Catholic Priest

Flags of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies


1738-1848; 1849-1860 flag

1848-49 flag

1860-61 flag

Orders of knighthood of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

See also

External links

Some cultural websites about the history of Naples and Sicily: The headship of the house is in dispute between two branches of the family::

References

1. ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. ChivalricOrders.org. The Two Sicilies Succession. Guy Stair Sainty. Retrieved on 2000-October-10.
Kingdom of Sicily (Latin: Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie; Italian: Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno
..... Click the link for more information.
The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of southern Italy after of the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of
..... Click the link for more information.
18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1780s  1790s  1800s  - 1810s -  1820s  1830s  1840s
1813 1814 1815 - 1816 - 1817 1818 1819

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s  1840s  1850s  - 1860s -  1870s  1880s  1890s
1858 1859 1860 - 1861 - 1862 1863 1864

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
For the Radiohead song, see "The National Anthem".
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a country's government as the official
..... Click the link for more information.
Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date.
..... Click the link for more information.
Comune di Napoli

Flag
Seal
Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy.
Coordinates:
Region Campania
Province Province of Naples
..... Click the link for more information.
Italian}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  European Union
 European Union
 Switzerland
 San Marino
Vatican City
Sovereign Military Order of Malta

The template is . Please use instead.

..... Click the link for more information.
Sicilian}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: scn
ISO 639-3: scn  

Sicilian (lu sicilianu, Italian: lingua siciliana
..... Click the link for more information.
Neapolitan}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: nap
ISO 639-3: nap

Neapolitan (autonym: napulitano; Italian: napoletano
..... Click the link for more information.
government is a body that has the power to make and the authority to enforce rules and laws within a civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other organization or group.[1]
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is written like a personal reflection or and may require .
Please [ improve this article] by rewriting this article in an . (, talk)


List of forms of government
..... Click the link for more information.
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples, I of the Two Sicilies bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era
..... Click the link for more information.
Ferdinand I
King of the Two Sicilies

Reign 12 December, 1816-4 January, 1825
Born 12 January 1751(1751--)
Died 4 January 1825 (aged 75)
Predecessor None

..... Click the link for more information.
Francis II
King of the Two Sicilies

Reign 22 May, 1859-20 March, 1861
Born 16 January 1836(1836--)
Died 27 November 1894 (aged 58)
Predecessor Ferdinand II
..... Click the link for more information.
December 12 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


..... Click the link for more information.
Italian unification (called in Italian the Risorgimento, or "Resurgence") was the political and social process that unified different states of the Italian peninsula into the single nation of Italy.
..... Click the link for more information.
February 12 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


..... Click the link for more information.
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The list ranks sovereign states, as well as self-governing dependent territories. Total areas are included, covering land and inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers).
..... Click the link for more information.
list of countries ordered according to population. The list includes and ranks sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories. Figures are based on the most recent estimate or projection by the national census authority where available and generally rounded off.
..... Click the link for more information.
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, humans in particular.

Biological population densities


..... Click the link for more information.
Italian}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  European Union
 European Union
 Switzerland
 San Marino
Vatican City
Sovereign Military Order of Malta

The template is . Please use instead.

..... Click the link for more information.
Also see:  Early Modern France


The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ferdinand I
King of the Two Sicilies

Reign 12 December, 1816-4 January, 1825
Born 12 January 1751(1751--)
Died 4 January 1825 (aged 75)
Predecessor None

..... Click the link for more information.
Southern Italy

Regional statistics
Largest city Naples
Regions of Italy Apulia, Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise, Sardinia and Sicily
Area
 - Total
47,504 mi² (123,036 km²)

Languages
..... Click the link for more information.
Regione Autonoma Siciliana


Map highlighting the location of Sicilia in Italy

Capital Palermo
President Salvatore Cuffaro
(UDC-CdL)
Provinces Agrigento
Caltanissetta
Catania
Enna
..... Click the link for more information.
The Napoleonic Era is a period in the History of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory.
..... Click the link for more information.
Comune di Napoli

Flag
Seal
Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy.
Coordinates:
Region Campania
Province Province of Naples
..... Click the link for more information.
Also see:  Early Modern France


The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of southern Italy after of the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.