Information about Kings of Assyria

Ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates Tigris
Cities / Empires
Sumer: Uruk *' Ur* ' Eridu
Kish *' Lagash* ' Nippur
Akkadian Empire: Akkad
Babylon *' Isin* ' Susa
Assyria: Assur Nineveh
Dur-Sharrukin Nimrud
Babylonia Chaldea
Elam Amorites
Hurrians Mitanni
Kassites Urartu
Chronology
Kings of Sumer
Kings of Assyria
Kings of Babylon
Language
Aramaic
Sumerian Akkadian
Elamite Hurrian
Mythology
Enma Elish
Gilgamesh Marduk

This page lists the Kings of Assyria from earliest times. Synchronisms with absolute dates known from Babylonian chronology and the limmu lists, which give the names of eponymous officials for each year, provide good absolute dates for the years between 911 BC and 649 BC.

The dates for the kings given below as reigning between 1420 BC and 1179 BC are particularly problematic, as the dating differs depending on which of the Assyrian King Lists is given precedence. The dating below for the kings of this period is based on Assyrian King Lists B and C, which give only three years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur, and the same to Ashur-nadin-apli. A traditional list based more on Assyrian King List A would give 14 years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur and 4 years to Ashur-nadin-apli. This version is followed by many sources, which thus give Ashur-uballit I as succeeding in 1366 BC and Shalmaneser I in 1275 BC.

Although the dates between 1179 BC and 912 BC are not as secure as the dates from 911 BC onwards, they are generally agreed upon by most Assyriologists. The dating for the end of the Assyrian period is unresolved, due to the lack of limmu lists after 649 BC. Some sources give Ashurbanipal only 38 years, having him die in 631 BC. Ashur-etil-ilani then reigns from 631 to 627, and Sin-shar-ishkun reigns thereafter down to 612 BC, when he is known to have died in the sack of Nineveh.

Early period

The dates for the early Assyrian period are unknown. While the list is in the right order, the specific years reigned by the kings are not certain. Listed in reverse order by the Assyrian King List, starting from top left and ending at bottom right.

The Kings who lived in tents

Ikunum
Tudiya (ca. 2500 BC)
Adamu
Yangi
Suhlamu
Harharu
Mandaru
Imsu
Harsu

Didanu
Hana
Zuabu
Nuabu
Abazu
Belu
Azarah
Ushpia (ca. 2020 BC?)

Kings who were forefathers

Apiashal son of Ushpia
Hale son of Apiashal
Samani son of Hale
Hayani son of Samani
Ilu-Mer son of Hayani

Yakmesi son of Ilu-Mer
Yakmeni son of Yakmesi
Yazkur-el son of Yakmeni
Ila-kabkaba son of Yazkur-el
Aminu son of Ila-kabkaba

Kings whose eponyms are destroyed

Sulili son of Aminu
Kikkia (ca. 2000 BC-1985 BC)
Akiya (ca. 1985 BC-1970 BC)

Puzur-Ashur I (ca. 1970 BC-1960 BC)
Shallim-ahhe (ca. 1960 BC-1945 BC)
Ilushuma (ca. 1945 BC-1906 BC)

Old Assyrian period

King name	Conventional dates	Low Dates	Ancestry
Old Assyrian Period
Erishum I	1906 - 1867 BC
Ikunum	1867 - 1860 BC
Sargon I	1860 - 1850 BC
Puzur-Ashur II	1850 - 1830 BC
Naram-Suen	1830 - 1815 BC
Erishum II	1815 - 1809 BC
Shamshi-Adad I	1809 - 1781 BC		overthrew Erishum II
Ishme-Dagan I	1780 - 1741 BC
Mut-Ashkur	1730 - 1720 BC
Rimush	1720 - 1710 BC
Asinum	1710 - 1706 BC
Anarchy: Seven Usurpers Assur-dugul Assur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ibqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi	1706-1700 BC
Belu-bani	1700 - 1691 BC
Libaia	1690 - 1674 BC
Sharma-Adad I	1673 - 1662 BC
Iptar-Sin	1661 - 1650 BC
Bazaia	1649 - 1622 BC
Lullaia	1621 - 1618 BC
Shu-Ninua	1615 - 1602 BC
Sharma-Adad II	1601 - 1598 BC
Erishum III	1598 - 1586 BC	1580 - 1567 BC
Shamshi-Adad II	1567 - 1561 BC
Ishme-Dagan II	1561 - 1545 BC
Shamshi-Adad III	1545 - 1529 BC
Ashur-nirari I	1529 - 1503 BC
Puzur-Ashur III	1503 - 1479 BC
Enlil-nasir I	1479 - 1466 BC
Nur-ili	1466 - 1454 BC
Ashur-shaduni	1454 BC
Ashur-rabi I	1453 - 1435 BC		son of Enlil-nasir I
Ashur-nadin-ahhe I	1435 - 1420 BC
Enlil-nasir II	1420 - 1414 BC
Ashur-nirari II	1414 - 1407 BC		son of Enlil-nasir II
Ashur-bel-nisheshu	1407 - 1398 BC		son of Ashur-nirari II
Ashur-rim-nisheshu	1398 - 1390 BC		son of Ashur-bel-nisheshu
Ashur-nadin-ahhe II	1390 - 1380 BC

Middle Assyrian period

King name	Conventional dates	Low dates*
Middle Assyrian Period
Eriba-Adad I	1380 - 1353 BC
Ashur-uballit I	1365 BC – 1330 BC	1353 BC – 1318 BC
Enlil-nirari	1329 BC – 1320 BC	1317 BC – 1308 BC
Arik-den-ili	1319 BC – 1308 BC	1307 BC – 1296 BC
Adad-nirari I	1307 BC – 1275 BC	1295 BC – 1264 BC
Shalmaneser I	1274 BC – 1245 BC	1263 BC – 1234 BC
Tukulti-Ninurta I	1244 BC – 1208 BC	1233 BC – 1197 BC
Ashur-nadin-apli	1207 BC – 1204 BC	1196 BC – 1194 BC
Ashur-nirari III	1203 BC – 1198 BC	1193 BC – 1188 BC
Enlil-kudurri-usur	1197 BC – 1193 BC	1187 BC – 1183 BC
Ninurta-apal-Ekur	1192 BC – 1180 BC	1182 BC – 1180 BC
* - Dates as appearing in A.Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East volume I, 2006, p. 351'''

King name	Conventional dates
Middle Assyrian Period
Ashur-Dan I	1179 - 1133 BC
Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur	1133 BC
Mutakkil-nusku	1133 BC
Ashur-resh-ishi I	1133 - 1115 BC
Tiglath-Pileser I	1115 - 1076 BC
Asharid-apal-Ekur	1076 - 1074 BC
Ashur-bel-kala	1074 - 1056 BC
Eriba-Adad II	1056 - 1054 BC
Shamshi-Adad IV	1054 - 1050 BC
Ashur-nasir-pal I	1050 - 1031 BC
Shalmaneser II	1031 - 1019 BC
Ashur-nirari IV	1019 - 1013 BC
Ashur-rabi II	1013 - 972 BC
Ashur-resh-ishi II	972 - 967 BC
Tiglath-Pileser II	967 - 935 BC
Ashur-Dan II	935 - 912 BC

Neo-Assyrian period

King name	Conventional dates
Neo-Assyrian Period
Adad-nirari II	912 - 891 BC
Tukulti-Ninurta II	891 - 884 BC
Ashur-nasir-pal II	884 - 859 BC
Shalmaneser III	859 - 824 BC
Shamshi-Adad V	822 - 811 BC
Shammu-ramat, regent, 811 - 808 BC
Adad-nirari III	811 - 783 BC
Shalmaneser IV	783 - 773 BC
Ashur-Dan III	773 - 755 BC
Ashur-nirari V	755 - 745 BC
Tiglath-Pileser III	745 - 727 BC
Shalmaneser V	727 - 722 BC
End of the document known as Assyrian King List; the following kings reigned after the list had been composed.
Sargon II	722 - 705 BC
Sennacherib	705 - 681 BC
Esarhaddon	681 - 669 BC
The dates of the last kings are not certain ^[1]
Ashurbanipal	669 - between 631 BC and 627 BC
Ashur-etil-ilani	ca. 631 BC - 627 BC
Sin-shumu-lishir	626 BC
Sin-shar-ishkun	ca. 627 BC - 612 BC
In 612 BC, Nineveh, the Assyrian capital, fell to the Medes and Babylonians; supported by the Egyptians, an Assyrian general continued to rule for a few years from Harran.
Ashur-uballit II	612 BC- ca.609 BC

Depictions

Statues and reliefs depicting Assyrian kings.

Adad-nirari I
1295 - 1263 BC

Ashur-nasir-pal II
884 - 859 BC

Tiglath-Pileser III
745 - 727 BC

Ashurbanipal
669 - 631 BC

Notes

1. ^ Dates as they appear in N. Na'aman, ZA 81 1991, p. 251

References

Ascalone, Enrico (2007). Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 1). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520252667.
Grayson, Albert Kirk (1975). Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles.
Healy, Mark (1992). The Ancient Assyrians. ISBN 978-1-85532-163-2.
Leick, Gwendolyn (2003). Mesopotamia. ISBN 0140265740.
Lloyd, Seton (1984). The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. ISBN 0500790094.
Nardon, Don (1998). Assyrian Empire. ISBN 1560063130.

External links

Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is commonly regarded as the world's earliest civilization.
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Origin Eastern Turkey
Mouth Shatt al Arab
Basin countries Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran
Length 2,800 km
Source elevation 4,500 m

Avg.
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Origin Eastern Turkey
Mouth Shatt al-Arab
Basin countries Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran
Length 1.900 km (1.180 mi)

The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from
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Ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates Tigris
Cities / Empires
Sumer: Uruk ' Ur ' Eridu
Kish ' Lagash ' Nippur
Akkadian Empire: Akkad
Babylon ' Isin ' Susa
Assyria: Assur Nineveh
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Ur, or ur may refer to:

Ur, an ancient city in southern Mesopotamia
Hayy Ur, a neighborhood of eastern Baghdad, Iraq
Úr ᚒ, a letter of the Ogham alphabet
Ur (rune) ᚢ, a letter of the runic alphabets

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Susa (in Persian: شوش Shush) is a city in the Khuzestan province of Iran. It had an estimated population of 64,960 in 2005.^[1]

History

Susa (Biblical Hebrew:
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State Party Iraq
Type Cultural
Criteria iii, iv
Reference 1130
Region Arab States

Inscription History
Inscription 2003 (27th Session)

Endangered 2003-
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Dur-Sharrukin ("Fortress of Sargon"), present day Khorsabad, was the Assyrian capital in the time of Sargon II of Assyria. Khorsabad is a village in northern Iraq, 15 km northeast of Mosul, which is still today inhabited by Assyrians.
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BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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Kings Of Assyria

Early period

The Kings who lived in tents

Kings who were forefathers

Kings whose eponyms are destroyed

Old Assyrian period

Middle Assyrian period

Neo-Assyrian period

Depictions

See also

Notes

References

External links

History