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Kypchak Languages

Kypchak
Geographic
distribution:
 Kypchak-Bolgar   Kypchak-Cuman   Kazakh-Nogay 
Genetic
classification:		 }}
Subdivisions:
Kypchak-Bolgar Group
Kypchak-Cuman Group
Kazakh-Nogay Group


The Kypchak languages (also known as the Kipchak, Qypchaq, or Northeastern Turkic languages), are a major branch of the Turkic language family spoken by more than 12 million people in an area spanning from Lithuania to China.

Linguistic Features

The Kypchak languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Turkic languages; others are unique to the Kypchak language family.

Shared Features

Unique Features

Classification

The Kypchak languages may be broken down into three groups, based on geography and shared features: Literary Kyrgyz has been heavily influenced by the Kypchak languages, especially Kazakh, but it appears that it belongs in a separate family with Altay.

The Uzbek language's Kypchak dialect contains the remainder of Kypchak languages that were once spoken in Uzbekistan, and there is a dialect continuum between Uzbek and Kazakh.

The language of the Mamluks in Egypt appears to have been a Kypchak language, probably one belonging to the Kypchak-Cuman group.

See also

References

  •  • [ e] Altaic languages
Turkic languages • Mongolic languages • Tungusic languages • Japonic languages* • Korean language*
Notes: *Japonic and Korean are not generally recognized as belonging to the Altaic language family. A hypothetical language family that would include both the Japonic languages and Korean is sometimes referred to as the Buyeo language family.
 •  • [ e]
Turkic languages
OghurBulgar† | Chuvash | Hunnic† | Khazar† | Turkic Avar†
UyghurOld Turkic† | Aini| Chagatay† | Ili Turki | Lop | Uyghur | Uzbek
KypchakBaraba | Bashkir | Crimean Tatar | Cuman† | Karachay-Balkar | Karaim | Karakalpak | Kazakh | Kipchak† | Krymchak | Kumyk | Nogai | Old Tatar† | Tatar | Urum | Altay | Kyrgyz
OghuzAfshar | Azerbaijani | Crimean Tatar | Gagauz | Khorasani Turkish | Ottoman Turkish† | Pecheneg† | Qashqai | Salar | Turkish | Turkmen | Urum
ArghuKhalaj
NortheasternChulym | Dolgan | Fuy Grgs | Khakas | Northern Altay | Shor | Tofa | Tuvan | Western Yugur | Sakha/Yakut
Notes: Listed in more than one group, Mixed language, Disputed, †Extinct
A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
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Motto
"Tautos jėga vienybėje"
"The strength of the nation lies in unity"
Anthem
Tautiška giesmė


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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese:
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Khalaj is a language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. It belongs to the Turkic family of languages. There were approximately 42,000 speakers of this language as of 2000.
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Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

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Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels in some languages. In languages with vowel harmony, there are constraints on what vowels may be found near each other.
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Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of [f]
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In phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds," or "with two tones") is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to
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The Bashkir language is a Turkic language.

Speakers

The 2002 population census showed over 1,379,000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in the Russia.

Speakers of the Bashkir language mostly live in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.
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The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars.
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Baraba or Baraba Tatar is a Turkic language spoken by about 8,000 people in Russian Siberia. It is closely related to Tatar and some linguists consider Baraba to be a dialect of Tatar.
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Karachay-Balkar language (Къарачай-Малкъар /Qarachay-Malqar/) is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars.
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Kumyk (also Qumuq, Kumuk, Kumuklar, and Kumyki) (Кумык) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 200 thousand speakers (the Kumyks) in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.
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The Karaim language (Crimean dialect: къарай тили, Trakai dialect: karaj tili) is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino.
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The Krymchak language (кърымчах тыльы) is the language spoken in Crimea by the Krymchak people. It is often considered to be a Crimean Tatar dialect.
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Cuman was a Turkic language spoken by the Cumans and was similar to today's Crimean Tatar language. It is documented in several medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus.
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The Kipchak language (also spelled Qypchaq) is an extinct Turkic language of the Kipchak group.

The descendants of the Kipchak language include the majority of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus today, as Kipchak was used as a lingua franca in
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Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in diaspora communities world wide.

The name Urum is derived from the medieval Greek word for Rome designating Constantinople and Greece in general.
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The Crimean Tatar language (Qırımtatar tili, Qırımtatarca), also known as Crimean (Qırım tili
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Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 90 million people in an area spanning from the Balkans to China.

Linguistic Features

The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together.
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Kazakh (also Qazaq and variants[1], natively Qazaq tili, Қазақ тілі,
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Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), as well as by Bashkirs and Nogay. Ethnic Karakalpaks who live in the viloyatlar of Uzbekistan tend to speak local Uzbek dialects.
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Nogai (also Nogay or Nogai Tatar), is a Turkic language spoken in southwestern Russia. Three distinct dialects are recognized: Qara-Nogay (Black or Northern Nogay), spoken in Dagestan; Nogai Proper, in Stavropol; and Aqnogay
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Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Kyrgyz tili, Кыргыз тили, قىرعىز ٴتىلى) is a Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of
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Altay is a language of the Turkic group of languages. It is an official language of Altai Republic, Russia. The language was called Oyrot prior to 1948. There were ca. 67,900 people speaking this language in 2002.
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Uzbek (O‘zbek tili in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic script) is an Eastern Turkic language and
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Anthem
National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan


Capital Tashkent

Largest city Tashkent
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A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater.
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A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke
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