This is a list of current and former national and subnational capital cities in the United States, which includes the legislature or seat of government of all states, territories, colonies, or kingdoms that are or were located in the United States, organized by current U.S. state location.

The city chosen to be capital for a given region may change from time to time, typically during rapid population growth or time of governmental instability caused by local war. When territories were divided up into smaller states, especially during the 19th century, new capitals within the new boundaries needed to be chosen.

Current capitals

National capital

Washington, D.C. has been the national capital of the United States since 1800.

State capitals

For the former capitals of U.S. states, see Former state capitals, below.

For additional information on the states, see U.S. state.

The current roster of state capitals of the United States has not changed since 1910, when Oklahoma City replaced Guthrie as the capital of the State of Oklahoma. Four states were granted statehood after 1910 (Arizona and New Mexico in 1912 and Alaska and Hawaii in 1959), but the capital of each of these four states had been the capital of the preceding territory since before 1910. It is unlikely that any of the current state capitals will change in the near future, due to the considerable cost of moving government operations.

In 34 of the 50 U.S. states, the state capital is currently not the state's most populous city.

The dates listed in the following table indicate the year since which the current capital has continuously served as the sole capital. In nine states, as noted below, the current capital had served as capital previously, but one or more other cities were capital in the interim.

State Capitals of the United States of America

State	Date of statehood	Capital	Capital since	Most populous city?	Population	Notes on current capital
Alabama	1819	Montgomery	1846	No	200,127
Alaska	1959	Juneau	1906	No	30,987
Arizona	1912	Phoenix	1889	Yes	1,475,834	Phoenix is the most populous U.S. state capital.
Arkansas	1836	Little Rock	1836	Yes	184,564
California	1850	Sacramento	1854	No	467,343	The Supreme Court of California sits in San Francisco.
Colorado	1876	Denver	1867	Yes	566,974	Denver City served as the capital of the Colorado Territory 1861-1862 and 1867-1876.
Connecticut	1788	Hartford	1875	No	124,397	Hartford also served as the capital 1639-1686 and 1689-1700, and as the co-capital with New Haven 1701-1875.
Delaware	1787	Dover	1777	No	32,135
Florida	1845	Tallahassee	1824	No	156,612
Georgia	1788	Atlanta	1868	Yes	483,108
Hawaii	1959	Honolulu	1845	Yes	371,657
Idaho	1890	Boise	1865	Yes	216,248
Illinois	1818	Springfield	1839	No	111,454
Indiana	1816	Indianapolis	1825	Yes	791,926
Iowa	1846	Des Moines	1857	Yes	194,163	Burlington served as the territorial capital from 1838-1846. Iowa City served as the capital from 1846-1857.
Kansas	1861	Topeka	1856	No	122,327
Kentucky	1792	Frankfort	1792	No	27,741
Louisiana	1812	Baton Rouge	1880	No	224,097	Baton Rouge also served as the capital 1849-1862.
Maine	1820	Augusta	1832	No	18,560	Augusta was officially capital from 1827 but the legislature did not sit there until 1832.
Maryland	1788	Annapolis	1694	No	36,217	Annapolis is the third longest serving capital in the United States after Santa Fe and Boston.
Massachusetts	1788	Boston	1630	Yes	596,368	Boston is the longest continuously serving capital in the United States. The Boston-Worcester-Manchester Combined Statistical Area encompasses the state capitals of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the State of New Hampshire, and the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Michigan	1837	Lansing	1847	No	119,128	Lansing is the only state capital that is not also the county seat of the county in which it is situated.
Minnesota	1858	Saint Paul	1849	No	287,151
Mississippi	1817	Jackson	1821	Yes	184,256
Missouri	1821	Jefferson City	1826	No	39,636
Montana	1889	Helena	1889	No	25,780
Nebraska	1867	Lincoln	1867	No	225,581
Nevada	1864	Carson City	1861	No	57,701
New Hampshire	1788	Concord	1808	No	42,221	The Boston-Worcester-Manchester Combined Statistical Area encompasses the state capitals of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the State of New Hampshire, and the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
New Jersey	1787	Trenton	1784	No	84,639
New Mexico	1912	Santa Fe	1610	No	70,631	Santa Fe is the longest serving capital in the United States. El Paso del Norte served as the capital of the Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico colony-in-exile during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692.
New York	1788	Albany	1797	No	95,993
North Carolina	1789	Raleigh	1794	No	359,332
North Dakota	1889	Bismarck	1883	No	55,532
Ohio	1803	Columbus	1816	Yes	730,657
Oklahoma	1907	Oklahoma City	1910	Yes	541,500	Oklahoma City is the shortest serving current state capital in the United States.
Oregon	1859	Salem	1855	No	149,305	Salem first served as the capital in 1851, but Corvallis was briefly the capital in 1855.
Pennsylvania	1787	Harrisburg	1812	No	48,950
Rhode Island	1790	Providence	1900	Yes	176,862	Providence also served as the capital 1636-1686 and 1689-1776. It was one of five co-capitals 1776-1853, and one of two co-capitals 1853-1900. The Boston-Worcester-Manchester Combined Statistical Area encompasses the state capitals of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the State of New Hampshire, and the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
South Carolina	1788	Columbia	1786	Yes	122,819
South Dakota	1889	Pierre	1889	No	13,876
Tennessee	1796	Nashville	1826	No	607,413	Nashville also served as the capital 1812-1818.
Texas	1845	Austin	1839	No	709,893
Utah	1896	Salt Lake City	1858	Yes	181,743
Vermont	1791	Montpelier	1805	No	8,035	Montpelier is the least populous U.S. state capital.
Virginia	1788	Richmond	1780	No	195,251
Washington	1889	Olympia	1853	No	42,514
West Virginia	1863	Charleston	1885	Yes	52,700	Charleston also served as the capital 1870-1875.
Wisconsin	1848	Madison	1838	No	221,551
Wyoming	1890	Cheyenne	1869	Yes	55,362

Insular area capitals

An insular area is a United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nation's federal district. Only five of the fourteen insular areas are populated; these are listed here. There are three additional freely associated states (Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Palau) and five additional disputed areas claimed by the United States and other nations; see Insular area for details.

Capitals of United States Insular Areas

Insular area	Date	Capital	Date	Notes
American Samoa	1899	Pago Pago	1899	Capital de facto of the Territory of American Samoa.
		Fagatogo	1967	Capital de jure of the Territory of American Samoa.
Guam	1898	Hagåtña	1668	Capital of the Territory of Guam.
Northern Mariana Islands	1947	Saipan	1668	Capital of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Puerto Rico	1898	San Juan	1521	Capital of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
U.S. Virgin Islands	1917	Charlotte Amalie	1871	Capital of the United States Virgin Islands.

Former national capitals

United States of America

From 1765 to 1800, Congress met in numerous locations; therefore, the following cities can be said to have once been the United States capital^[1]:

Stamp Act Congress

• New York City, New York: October 1765

First Continental Congress

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: September 5 1774 to October 24 1774.

Second Continental Congress

• Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: May 10 1775 to December 12 1776
• Henry Fite House - Baltimore, Maryland: December 20 1776 to February 27 1777
• Pennsylvania State House - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: March 4 1777 to September 18 1777
• Court House - Lancaster, Pennsylvania: September 27 1777 (one day)
• Court House - York, Pennsylvania: September 30 1777 to June 27 1778
• Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: July 2 1778 to March 1 1781

Articles of Confederation

• Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: March 1 1781 to June 21 1783
• Nassau Hall - Princeton, New Jersey: June 30 1783 to November 4 1783
• Maryland State House - Annapolis, Maryland: November 26 1783 to August 19 1784
• French Arms Tavern - Trenton, New Jersey: November 1 1784 to December 24 1784
• City Hall (Federal Hall) - New York, New York: January 11 1785 to Autumn 1788

Constitution

• New York City, New York: March 4 1789 to December 5 1790
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: December 6 1790 to May 14 1800
• New York City, New York: May 15 1800 to November 16 1800
• Washington, D.C.: November 17 1800 to present
• Leesburg, Virginia: September 1814 - When Washington was sacked by the British during the War of 1812 the government with its records and documents, including the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, fled to Virginia and took refuge in the vicinity of Leesburg

Vermont Republic

Before joining the United States as the fourteenth state, Vermont was an independent republic known as the Vermont Republic. Two cities served as the capital of the Republic:

• Westminster, 1777
• Windsor, 1777-1791

Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii

Prior to becoming a territory of the United States in 1898, Hawaii was an independent nation. Two cities served as its capital:

• Lāhainā. Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1820–1845.
• Honolulu
• Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1845–January 17 1893.
• Served as the seat of the Provisional Government of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, January 17 1893–July 4, 1894.
• Served as the capital of the Republic of Hawaii when it was established on July 4 1894 until the Republic was annexed by the United States on July 7 1898 under the Newlands Resolution to become the Territory of Hawaii.

Republic of Texas

Before joining the United States under the Texas Annexation in 1845, Texas was an independent nation known as the Republic of Texas. Seven cities served as its capital:

• Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos), 1836
• Harrisburg, 1836
• Galveston, 1836
• Velasco, 1836
• Columbia, 1836
• Houston, 1837–1839
• Austin, 1839–1845

California Republic

Before being annexed by the United States in 1846, California was an independent republic known as the California Republic. The California Republic was never recognized by the United States which maintained that the U.S. Military Government of California headquartered at Monterey was the legitimate government of the region. There was one de facto capital of the California Republic:

• Sonoma, 1846

Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America had three capitals during its existence.

The Confederate constitutional convention was held in Montgomery, Alabama in December of 1860 because it was the largest and most influential city in the geographic center of the original seven Confederate states (South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas) that planned to secede from the Union.

The first Confederate capital was established on February 4, 1861 in Montgomery and remained there until it was moved to Richmond after Virginia joined the Confederacy on May 23, 1861.

As the Army of Northern Virginia was pushed farther south and Richmond fell under the Federal guns in early 1865, the Confederate government fled using the only viable railroad line available on April 2, 1865 to Danville, VA.

The C.S.A. state capitals remained the same as when each state seceded from the Union. Some of the capitals were moved temporarily in an effort to stay ahead of the advancing Federals. As Confederate areas were occupied, the US Army established military districts to govern each area. These military districts often shifted as the war progressed and even after the war concluded through the end of Reconstruction.

Following the surrender of General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in Appomattox, Virginia, which ended the American Civil War on April 9, 1865, the eleven southern states that seceded from the United States of America to create the C.S.A., gradually had their Senators and Representatives recognized and seated by Congress starting with Tennessee on July 24, 1866, then Arkansas on June 22, 1868, Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina on June 25, 1868, then Alabama on July 14, 1868, then Virginia on January 26, 1870, then Mississippi on February 23, 1870, then Texas on March 30, 1870 and finally Georgia on July 15, 1870.

There is some disagreement over whether this recognition by Congress is what determines the status of 'statehood'. The US Supreme Court decision in Texas v. White raises questions on this point where the court ruled that Texas never left the Union, and essentially that once a territory is admitted and recognized as a state, it is in perpetuity a state in the Union.

• Montgomery, Alabama, February 4 1861 - May 29 1861
• Richmond, Virginia, May 6 1861 (declared) – April 3 1865
• Danville, Virginia, April 3 1865 - April 10 1865

Former state capitals

Most of the original Thirteen Colonies had their capitals occupied or attacked by the British during the American Revolution. State governments operated where and as they could. The City of New York was occupied by British troops from 1776 to 1783. A similar situation occurred during the War of 1812, during the American Civil War in many Confederate states, and during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692 in New Mexico.

Twenty-two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state, since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory, colony, or republic. Boston, Massachusetts, has been a capital city continuously since 1630, making it the longest-running U.S. capital. Santa Fe, New Mexico, has been a capital city the longest having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692. Boston, Santa Fe, and Annapolis are the only three U.S. cities that have been capitals for more than 300 years.

• The state and its current capital are shown in bold.
• The year listed for each capital is the starting date; the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated.
• The year in which statehood was granted is shown in bold.

Historical State Capitals of the United States of America

State	Capital	Date	Notes
Alabama[2] Statehood in 1819	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.[2]
	Savannah (GA)	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta (GA)	1779
	Heard's Fort (GA)	1780
	Augusta (GA)	1781
	Savannah (GA)	1782
	Ebenezer (GA)	1782
	Savannah (GA)	1784
	Augusta (GA)	1786
	Louisville (GA)	1796
	Natchez (MS)	1798	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Washington (MS)	1802
	St. Stephens	1817	Capital of the Territory of Alabama.
	Huntsville	1819	Capitals of the State of Alabama.
	Cahawba	1820
	Tuscaloosa	1826
	Montgomery	1846	Capital of the State of Alabama. (Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861.)
Alaska[3] Statehood in 1959	Novo-Arkhangelsk Sitka	1808	Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska.
		1867	Capital of the Department of Alaska.
		1900	Capitals of the District of Alaska.
	Juneau	1906
		1912	Capital of the Territory of Alaska.
		1959	Capital of the State of Alaska.
Arizona[4] Statehood in 1912	Santa Fe (NM)	1848	Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1848-1850.
		1850	Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850-1912.
	Mesilla (NM)	1862	Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
	San Antonio (TX)	1862	Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862-1865.
	Fort Whipple	1863	Capitals of the U.S. Territory of Arizona.
	Prescott	1864
	Tucson	1867
	Prescott	1877
	Phoenix	1889
		1912	Capital of the State of Arizona.
Arkansas[5] Statehood in 1836	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Arkansas Post	1819	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw.[6]
	Little Rock	1821
		1836	Capital of the State of Arkansas.[6] (Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863-1865.)
California[7] Statehood in 1850	Loreto (BCS)	1768	Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colonies of las Californias.
	Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey Monterey	1777
		1804	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Alta California.
		1821	Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. military government of California.
		1849	Capital of the provisional government of California.
	Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe San Jose	1850	Capitals of the State of California
	Vallejo	1852
	Benicia	1853
	Sacramento	1854
Colorado[8] Statehood in 1876	Denver City	1859	Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
	Golden City	1860
	Denver City	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Colorado.
	Colorado City	1862
	Golden City	1862
	Denver City Denver	1867
		1876	Capital of the State of Colorado.
Connecticut Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam (NY)	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Hartford	1639	Capitol of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639-1686.
	New-Haven	1640	Capital of the English Colony of New-Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662.
	Boston (MA)	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Hartford	1689	Capitol of the English Colony of Connecticut.
	Joint Capitals	1701	Hartford and New-Haven served as the "co-capitals" of the English Colony of Connecticut, with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New-Haven.
		1707	Hartford and New-Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut.
		1776	Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut.
	Hartford	1875	Capital of the State of Connecticut.
Delaware Statehood in 1776	Fort Kristina	1638	Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige.
	Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York (NY)	1655	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1664	Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
		1673	Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1674	Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
	Philadelphia (PA)	1682	Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania.
	New-Castle	1704	Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware.
		1707	Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Delaware.
	Dover	1777
Florida[9] Statehood in 1845	Fort de la Caroline	1564	Capital of the French colony of la Caroline 1564-1565.
	San Agustín St. Augustine	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida 1565-1763.[2]
		1763	Capital of the British Colony of East Florida 1763-1783.
		1783	Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Oriental 1783-1821.
	Santa María de Ochuse Pensacola	1763	Capital of the British Colony of West Florida 1763-1783.
		1783	Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Occidental 1783-1821.
	Tallahassee	1824	Capital of the Territory of Florida.
		1845	Capital of the State of Florida.
Georgia[11] Statehood in 1776	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.[2]
	Savannah (GA)	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta	1779
	Heard's Fort	1780
	Augusta	1781
	Savannah	1782
	Ebenezer	1782
	Savannah	1784
	Augusta	1786
	Louisville	1796
	Milledgeville	1807
	Macon	1864
	Milledgeville	1865
	Atlanta	1868
Hawai'i Statehood in 1959	Lahaina	1820	Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
	Honolulu	1845
		1894	Capital of the Republic of Hawaii.
		1898	Capital of the Territory of Hawaii.
		1959	Capital of the State of Hawai'i.
Idaho[12] Statehood in 1890	Fort Vancouver (WA)	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City (OR)	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[12]
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (all of Idaho 1848-1853, southern Idaho 1853-1859.)
	Salem (OR)	1851
	Olympia (WA)	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington (northern Idaho 1853-1859, all of Idaho 1859-1863.)
	Lewiston	1863	Capitals of the Territory of Idaho.
	Boise	1865
		1890	Capital of the State of Idaho.
Illinois[13] Statehood in 1818	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
	Kaskaskia	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
		1818	Capitals of the State of Illinois.
	Vandalia	1820
	Springfield	1839
Indiana Statehood in 1816	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes	1800	Capitals of the Territory of Indiana.
	Corydon	1813
		1816	Capitals of the State of Indiana.
	Indianapolis	1825
Iowa[14] Statehood in 1846	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit (MI)	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington	1837
		1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa.
	Iowa City	1841
		1846	Capitals of the State of Iowa.
	Des Moines	1857
Kansas[15] Statehood in 1861	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Pawnee	1855	Capital of the Territory of Kansas (July 2-July 6).
	Shawnee Mission	1855	Capital of the Territory of Kansas.
	Lecompton	1856	Capital de jure (pro-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
	Topeka		Capital de facto (anti-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
		1861	Capital of the State of Kansas.
Kentucky[16] Statehood in 1792	Williamsburg (VA)	1699	Capital of the English Colony of Virginia.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Danville	1780	Seat of the Kentucky District of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Frankfort	1792	Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. (Bowling Green was the Confederate state capital 1861-1862.)
Louisiana[17] Statehood in 1812	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.[2]
	Mobile Bay (AL)	1702	Capitals of the French colony of la Louisiane.
	Biloxi (MS)	1720
	la Nouvelle-Orléans Nueva Orleans New Orleans	1722
		1763	Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Basse-Louisiane.
		1803	Capital of the Territory of Orleans.
		1812	Capitals of the State of Louisiana.
	Donaldsonville	1830
	New Orleans	1831
	Baton Rouge	1849
	Opelousas	1862
	Shreveport	1863
	New Orleans	1865
	Baton Rouge	1880
Maine[18] Statehood in 1820	Île Sainte-Croix	1604	Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie.
	Port-Royal (NS)	1605
	Boston (MA)	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
		1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
		1689	Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1774	Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1776	Capital of the State of Massachusetts.
		1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
	Portland	1820	Capital of the State of Maine.
		1827	Capital de facto of the State of Maine.
	Augusta		Capital de jure of the State of Maine.
		1832	Capital of the State of Maine.
Maryland[19] Statehood in 1776	St. Mary's City	1634	Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland.
	Anne Arundel's Towne Annapolis	1694	Capital of the English Province of Maryland.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Maryland.
		1776	Capital of the State of Maryland. (Capital of the United States of America 1783-1784.)
Massachusetts Statehood in 1776	Plimouth	1620	Capital of the English Colony of New-Plimouth 1620-1686.
	Boston	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630-1686.
		1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1686-1689.
	Plimouth	1688	Capital of the dissident Colony of New-Plimouth 1688-1691.
	Boston	1689	Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689-1691.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1774	Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1776	Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
		1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Michigan[20] Statehood in 1837	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (all of Michigan 1788-1800, eastern Michigan 1800-1803.)
	Chillicothe (OH)	1800
	Vincennes (IN)		Capitals of the Territory of Indiana (western Michigan 1800-1803; all of Michigan 1803-1805, a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805-1816.)
	Corydon (IN)	1813
	Detroit	1805	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (Lower Peninsula 1805-1818, all of Michigan 1818-1837.) (Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812-1813.)
		1837	Capitals of the State of Michigan.
	Lansing	1847
Minnesota[21] Statehood in 1858	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana 1765-1800.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (west of Mississippi River 1800-1804.)
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River 1805-1812.)
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (west of Mississippi River 1812-1821.)
	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (east of Mississippi River 1788-1800.)
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana (east of Mississippi River 1800-1809.)
	Kaskaskia (IL)	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois (east of Mississippi River 1809-1818.)
	Detroit (MI)	1818	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Mississippi River 1818-1834, all of Minnesota 1834-1836.)
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington (IA)	1837
		1838	Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1838-1841.)
	Madison (WI)		Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Mississippi River 1838-1848.)
	Iowa City (IA)	1841	Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1841-1846.)
	Saint Paul	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota.
		1858	Capital of the State of Minnesota.
Mississippi[22] Statehood in 1817	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.[2]
	Savannah (GA)	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta (GA)	1779
	Heard's Fort (GA)	1780
	Augusta (GA)	1781
	Savannah (GA)	1782
	Ebenezer (GA)	1782
	Savannah (GA)	1784
	Augusta (GA)	1786
	Louisville (GA)	1796
	Natchez	1798	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Washington	1802
	Natchez	1817	Capitals of the State of Mississippi.
	Jackson	1821
Missouri Statehood in 1821	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Saint Charles	1821	Capitals of the State of Missouri. (A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861-1863, and from Marshall, Texas, 1863-1865.)
	Jefferson City	1826
Montana[23] Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1763-1800.)
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (east of Continental Divide 1800-1804.)
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1805-1812.)
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (east of Continental Divide 1812-1821.)
	Fort Vancouver (WA)	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country (west of Continental Divide 1818-1843.)
	Oregon City (OR)	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1843-1848.)
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1848-1853.)
	Salem (OR)	1851
	Olympia (WA)	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington (west of Continental Divide 1853-1863.)
	Omaha (NE)	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (east of Continental Divide 1854-1861.)
	Yankton (SD)	1861	Capital of the Territory of Dakota (east of Continental Divide 1861-1863.)
	Lewiston (ID)	1863	Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
	Bannack	1864	Capitals of the Territory of Montana.
	Virginia City	1865
	Helena	1875
		1889	Capital of the State of Montana.
Nebraska Statehood in 1867	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Omaha	1854	Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska.
	Lancaster Lincoln	1867
		1867	Capital of the State of Nebraska.
Nevada[24] Statehood in 1864	Fillmore (UT)	1850	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City (UT)	1858
	Carson City	1861	Capital of the Territory of Nevada.
		1864	Capital of the State of Nevada.
New Hampshire[25] Statehood in 1776	Boston (MA)	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
	Portsmouth	1680	Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire.
	Boston (MA)	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Portsmouth	1689	Capital of the dissident Province of New-Hampshire.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire.
		1698	Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of New-Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1741	Capital of the British Province of New-Hampshire.
	Exeter	1775	Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire.
		1776	Capitals of the State of New Hampshire.
	Concord	1808
New Jersey Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam (NY)	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1652	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth)	1665	Capital of the English Province of New-Jersey.
	Perth Amboy	1673	Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673-1688.
	Burlington		Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673-1688.
	Boston (MA)	1688	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1688-1689.
	Perth Amboy	1689	Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689-1702.
	Burlington		Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689-1702.
	Joint Capitals	1702	East Jersey and West Jersey were re-united as the English Province of New-Jersey in 1702. Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784.
		1707	Joint capitals of the British Province of New-Jersey.
		1776	Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey.
	Trenton	1784	Capital of the State of New Jersey. (Capital of the United States of America in 1784.)
New Mexico Statehood in 1912	San Juan de los Caballeros	1598	Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico.
	La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís	1610
	El Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez CHH)	1680	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony-in-exile of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico (Pueblo Revolt 1680-1692).
	La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís Santa Fe	1692	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico.
		1821	Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fé de Nuevo México.
		1824	Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fé de Nuevo México.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. military province of New Mexico 1846-1848.
		1848	Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1848-1850.
		1850	Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850-1912.
	Mesilla	1862	Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
	San Antonio (TX)	1862	Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862-1865.
	Santa Fe	1912	Capital of the State of New Mexico.
New York Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland (Novum Belgium).
		1652	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1664	Capital of the English Province of New-York.
		1673	Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1674	Capital of the English Province of New-York.
	Boston (MA)	1688	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	New-York	1689	Capital of the dissident government of New-York.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of New-York.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of New-York.
		1776	Capitals of the State of New York.
	Kingston	1777
	Hurley	1777
	Poughkeepsie	1777
	New York	1788	Capital of the State of New York. (Capital of the United States of America 1785–1788 and 1789–1790.)
	Albany	1797	Capital of the State of New York.
North Carolina Statehood in 1776	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.[2]
	Charlestown (SC)	1670	Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
	New Bern	1712	Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
		1776	Capitals of the State of North Carolina.
	Raleigh	1794
North Dakota Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit (MI)	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834-1836.)
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836-1838.)
	Burlington (IA)	1837
		1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838-1846.)
	Iowa City (IA)	1841
	Saint Paul (MN)	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849-1858.)
	Omaha (NE)	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854-1861.)
	Yankton (SD)	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck	1883
		1889	Capital of the State of North Dakota.
Ohio Statehood in 1803	Marietta	1788	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Chillicothe	1800
		1803	Capitals of the State of Ohio.
	Zanesville	1810
	Chillicothe	1812
	Columbus	1816
Oklahoma Statehood in 1907	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Arkansas Post (AR)	1819	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw[6] (south of the parallel 36°30' north 1819-1824, southeastern Oklahoma 1824-1828.)
	Little Rock (AR)	1821
	Tahlequah	1838	Capital of the Cherokee Nation.
	Tuskahoma	1838	Capital of the Choctaw Nation.
	Tishomingo	1855	Capital of the Chickasaw Nation.
	Wewoka	1866	Capital of the Seminole Nation.
	Okmulgee	1867	Capital of the Creek Nation.
	Guthrie	1889	Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma.
		1907	Capitals of the State of Oklahoma.
	Oklahoma City	1910
Oregon[26] Statehood in 1859	Fort Vancouver (WA)	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[12]
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Salem	1851
	Corvallis	1855
	Salem	1855
		1859	Capital of the State of Oregon.
Pennsylvania[28] Statehood in 1776	Philadelphia	1682	Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
		1707	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1776, 1777, 1778-1783, and 1790-1800.)
	Lancaster	1799	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1777.)
	Harrisburg	1812	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island Statehood in 1776	Providence	1636	Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636-1663.
	Portsmouth	1639	Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639-1644.
		1644	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island 1644-1663.
	Providence	1663	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Boston (MA)	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Providence	1689	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Five Capitals	1776	From 1776 to 1853, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state's five counties: Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown, and Bristol.
	Joint Capitals	1854	From 1854 to 1899, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport.
	Providence	1900	Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
South Carolina Statehood in 1776	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.[2]
	Charlestown	1670	Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
		1712	Capital of the British Province of South Carolina.
		1776	Capitals of the State of South Carolina.
	Columbia	1786
South Dakota Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit (MI)	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River 1834-1836.)
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River 1836-1838.)
	Burlington (IA)	1837
		1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River 1838-1846.)
	Iowa City (IA)	1841
	Saint Paul (MN)	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River 1849-1858.)
	Omaha (NE)	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River 1854-1861.)
	Yankton	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck (ND)	1883
	Pierre	1889	Capital of the State of South Dakota.
Tennessee[29] Statehood in 1796	New Bern (NC)	1712	Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
		1776	Capital of the State of North Carolina.
	Rocky Mount	1790	Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio.
	White's Fort Knoxville	1791
		1796	Capital of the State of Tennessee.
	Kingston	1807	Capital of the State of Tennessee for one day in 1807 to fulfill treaty obligations with the Cherokee Nation.
	Knoxville	1807	Capitals of the State of Tennessee.
	Nashville	1812
	Knoxville	1817
	Murfreesboro	1818
	Nashville	1826
Texas Statehood in 1845	Los Adaes (LA)	1721	Capitals of the Spanish colony of Tejas.
	San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio)	1772
	Saltillo (COA)	1824	Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas.
	Monclova (COA)	1833
	Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos)	1836	Capitals of the Republic of Texas.
	Galveston	1836
	Harrisburg	1836
	Velasco	1836
	Columbia	1836
	Houston	1837
	Austin	1839
		1845	Capital of the State of Texas.
Utah Statehood in 1896	Salt Lake City	1849	Capital of the extralegal Territory of Deseret.
	Fillmore	1850	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City	1858
		1896	Capital of the State of Utah.
Vermont[30] Statehood in 1791	Westminster	1777	Capital of the Republic of New Connecticut.
	Windsor	1777	Capital of the Vermont Republic.
		1791	Capitals of the State of Vermont.
	Montpelier	1805
Virginia[31] Statehood in 1776	Jamestown	1619	Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
	Middle Plantation Williamsburg	1699
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond	1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. (Capital of the Confederate States of America 1861-1865.) (A rival pro-Union state government operated from Wheeling 1861-1863.)
Washington[32] Statehood in 1889	Fort Vancouver	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City (OR)	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[12]
		1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Salem (OR)	1851
	Olympia	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington.
		1889	Capital of the State of Washington.
West Virginia Statehood in 1863	Williamsburg (VA)	1699	Capital of the English Colony of Virginia.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond (VA)	1780
	Wheeling	1861	Capital of the rival pro-Union government of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
		1863	Capitals of the State of West Virginia.
	Charleston	1870
	Wheeling	1875
	Charleston	1885
Wisconsin[33] Statehood in 1848	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
	Kaskaskia (IL)	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
	Detroit (MI)	1818	Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington (IA)	1837
	Madison	1838
		1848	Capital of the State of Wisconsin.
Wyoming[34] Statehood in 1890	Lewiston (ID)	1863	Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
	Yankton (SD)	1864	Capital of the Territory of Dakota.
	Cheyenne	1869	Capital of the Territory of Wyoming.
		1890	Capital of the State of Wyoming.

See also

• List of historical national capitals (e.g. of the United States)
• List of countries with multiple capitals
• Historic regions of the United States
• Political divisions of the United States
• Territorial evolution of the United States

External links

• Capitals of Alabama
• Florida Facts - The Capitol
• The Capitalization of Georgia
• The State Houses of Louisiana
• Las Vegas: Nevada's Next State Capital?
• New Hampshire Senate for Kids - Capitals
• Handbook of Texas Online – Capitals
• Colonial Capitals of the Dominion of Virginia
• Utah History To Go - Utah's Capitols
• Satellite and Aerial Photography of All US Capital Buildings from SightseeBySpace.com

References

•  • [ e] United States state capital cities

Montgomery, AL | Juneau, AK | Phoenix, AZ | Little Rock, AR | Sacramento, CA | Denver, CO | Hartford, CT | Dover, DE | Tallahassee, FL | Atlanta, GA | Honolulu, HI | Boise, ID | Springfield, IL | Indianapolis, IN | Des Moines, IA | Topeka, KS | Frankfort, KY | Baton Rouge, LA | Augusta, ME | Annapolis, MD | Boston, MA | Lansing, MI | Saint Paul, MN | Jackson, MS | Jefferson City, MO | Helena, MT | Lincoln, NE | Carson City, NV | Concord, NH | Trenton, NJ | Santa Fe, NM | Albany, NY | Raleigh, NC | Bismarck, ND | Columbus, OH | Oklahoma City, OK | Salem, OR | Harrisburg, PA | Providence, RI | Columbia, SC | Pierre, SD | Nashville, TN | Austin, TX | Salt Lake City, UT | Montpelier, VT | Richmond, VA | Olympia, WA | Charleston, WV | Madison, WI | Cheyenne, WY

•  • [ e] United States state lists
Area Capitals Capitol buildings Counties Date of statehood Elevation FIPS code GDP (per capita) Insignia Largest cities Name etymologies Never territories Population (density) Postal abbreviations State Laws Tallest buildings Time zone Traditional abbreviation Unemployment rate

•  • [ e] Location of the capital of the United States
1774                First Continental Congress	Philadelphia
1775 – 1781    Second Continental Congress	Philadelphia → Baltimore → Lancaster → York
1781 – 1789    Congress of the Confederation	Philadelphia → Princeton → Annapolis → Trenton → New York
1789 to date    United States government	New York → Philadelphia → Washington