Türkçe ansiklopedi, sözlük, genel başvuru ve bilgi sitesi   
  		  Yardım
  Rastgele    

List Of Countries By System Of Government

Some of the information in this article may not be verified by . It should be checked for inaccuracies and modified to cite reliable sources.


This is a list of countries categorized by system of government.

Alphabetical list of countries

Name Constitutional basis Head of state Basis of executive legitimacy
 AfghanistanRepublicExecutivePresidential
 AlbaniaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 AlgeriaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 AndorraConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 AngolaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Antigua and BarbudaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 ArgentinaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ArmeniaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 AustraliaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 AustriaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 AzerbaijanRepublicExecutivePresidential
 BahamasConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 BahrainConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 BangladeshRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 BarbadosConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 BelarusRepublicExecutivePresidential
 BelgiumConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 BelizeConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 BeninRepublicExecutivePresidential
 BhutanAbsolute monarchy
 BoliviaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 BotswanaRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 BrazilRepublicExecutivePresidential
 BruneiAbsolute monarchy
 BulgariaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 Burkina FasoRepublicExecutivePresidential
 BurundiRepublicExecutivePresidential
 CambodiaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 CameroonRepublicExecutivePresidential
 CanadaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 Cape VerdeRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 Central African RepublicRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ChadRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ChileRepublicExecutivePresidential
RepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
RepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 ColombiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ComorosRepublicExecutivePresidential
RepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
RepublicExecutivePresidential
 Costa RicaRepublicExecutivePresidential
RepublicExecutivePresidential
 CroatiaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 CubaRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 CyprusRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Czech RepublicRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 DenmarkConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 DjiboutiRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 DominicaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 Dominican RepublicRepublicExecutivePresidential
RepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 EcuadorRepublicExecutivePresidential
 EgyptRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 El SalvadorRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Equatorial GuineaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 EritreaRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 EstoniaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 EthiopiaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 FijiRepublicNo constitutional basis to current regime
 FinlandRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 FranceRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 GabonRepublicExecutivePresidential
 GambiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 GeorgiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 GermanyRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 GhanaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 GreeceRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 GrenadaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 GuatemalaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 GuineaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Guinea-BissauRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 GuyanaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 HaitiRepublicExecutivePresidential
 HondurasRepublicExecutivePresidential
 HungaryRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 IcelandRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 IndiaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 IndonesiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 IranRepublicExecutivePresidential
 IraqRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 IrelandRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 IsraelRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 ItalyRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 JamaicaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 JapanConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 JordanConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 KazakhstanRepublicExecutivePresidential
 KenyaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 KiribatiRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
RepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
RepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 KuwaitConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 KyrgyzstanRepublicExecutivePresidential
 LaosRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 LatviaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 LebanonRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 LesothoConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 LiberiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 LibyaRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 LiechtensteinConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 LithuaniaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 LuxembourgConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
RepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 MadagascarRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 MalawiRepublicExecutivePresidential
 MalaysiaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 MaldivesRepublicExecutivePresidential
 MaliRepublicExecutivePresidential
 MaltaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 Marshall IslandsRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 MauritaniaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 MauritiusRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 MexicoRepublicExecutivePresidential
RepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 MoldovaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 MonacoConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 MongoliaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 MontenegroRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 MoroccoConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 MozambiqueRepublicExecutivePresidential
 MyanmarRepublicNo constitutional basis to current regime
 NamibiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 NauruRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 NepalConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 NetherlandsConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 New ZealandConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 NicaraguaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 NigerRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 NigeriaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 NorwayConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 OmanAbsolute monarchy
 PakistanRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 PalauRepublicExecutivePresidential
 PanamaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Papua New GuineaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 ParaguayRepublicExecutivePresidential
 PeruRepublicExecutivePresidential
 PhilippinesRepublicExecutivePresidential
 PolandRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 PortugalRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 QatarAbsolute monarchy
 RomaniaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 RussiaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 RwandaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 Saint LuciaConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 SamoaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 San MarinoRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
RepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 Saudi ArabiaAbsolute monarchy
 SenegalRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 SerbiaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 SeychellesRepublicExecutivePresidential
 Sierra LeoneRepublicExecutivePresidential
 SingaporeRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 SlovakiaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 SloveniaRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 Solomon IslandsConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 SomaliaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 South AfricaRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 SpainConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 Sri LankaRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 SudanRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 SurinameRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 SwazilandAbsolute monarchy
 SwedenConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 SwitzerlandRepublicExecutiveParliamentary
 SyriaRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 TajikistanRepublicExecutivePresidential
 TanzaniaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ThailandConstitutional monarchyNo constitutional basis to current regime
 TogoRepublicExecutivePresidential
 TongaConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 Trinidad and TobagoRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 TunisiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 TurkeyRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 TurkmenistanRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 TuvaluConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 UgandaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 UkraineRepublicExecutiveSemi-Presidential
 United Arab EmiratesConstitutional monarchyMonarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
 United KingdomConstitutional monarchyCeremonialParliamentary
 United StatesRepublicExecutivePresidential
 UruguayRepublicExecutivePresidential
 UzbekistanRepublicExecutivePresidential
 VanuatuRepublicCeremonialParliamentary
 Vatican CityAbsolute monarchy
 VenezuelaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 VietnamRepublicPower constitutionally linked to a single political movement
 YemenRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ZambiaRepublicExecutivePresidential
 ZimbabweRepublicExecutivePresidential

Systems of Governance

Presidential / Separated republics

These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is generally no prime minister, although if one exists he or she serves purely at the pleasure of the president.

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature.

Parliamentary republics

A parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The president's degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (eg. Poland) to little or none at all (eg. Ireland). Where the president holds little executive power, their function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.

Mixed republican systems

Prime minister is also head of state and given title of president

Constitutional monarchies

Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Theocracies

States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

One-party states

States in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy. However, some do have elected governments.

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)

Systems of Internal Governance

Federal

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

Devolved

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

Federacy

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

Unitary

see Unitary state

Notes

1. ^ Iran combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage; and a theocracy, with a Supreme Leader who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen by the elected Assembly of Experts. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed Guardian Council.
2. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
3. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
4. ^ Collective (3 member) presidency.
5. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
6. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
7. ^ The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile, located in Tindouf, Algeria. Most of the territory of Western Sahara is under military occupation by Morocco; the rest is administered by the SADR.
8. ^ In Bangladesh, a Caretaker government takes over for three months during parliamentary elections. The Caretaker government is headed by a Chief advisor (the last Chief Justice to retire), and a group of neutral, non-partisan advisors chosen from the civil society. During this time, the president has jurisdiction over the Ministry of defense and the Ministry of foreign affairs.
9. ^ Combines aspects of an executive presidency with a parliamentary system. President is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat, much like a prime minister. The President is both head of state and government.
10. ^ Combines aspects of an executive presidency with a parliamentary system. President is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat, much like a prime minister. The President is both head of state and government.
11. ^ There is neither a prime minister nor a president of Switzerland. The President of the Swiss Confederation is merely primus inter pares in the Swiss Federal Council, the seven-member executive council which constitutes the government as well as the head of state of Switzerland.
12. ^ Collective presidency (two captains-regents). Captains-regents are both Head of State and Government simultaneously.
13. ^ Bishop of Urgell and President of France serve as ex-officio co-princes
14. ^ The King of Nepal gave himself absolute authority for three years in 2005; he has given up absolute power on April 21, 2006, but constitutional government has not yet resumed
15. ^ Bhutan is in the process of democratization by request of the king.
16. ^ UAE is a federation of absolute monarchies, with the federal president drawn from hereditary emirs
17. ^ Iran combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage; and a theocracy, with a Supreme Leader who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen by the elected Assembly of Experts. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed Guardian Council.
18. ^ The President of Fiji is the actual leader who on 4 December 2006 dissolved the parliament without the prime minister's consent, thereby setting the stage for a coup by the military commander.

See also

External links

This page has been semi-protected from editing to deal with vandalism.
Semi-protection is not an endorsement of the current version. To see other versions, view the [ page history].
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Ti Shqipëri më jep nder më jep emrin shqipëtar ( Albania give me honor, give me the Albanian name.)
Anthem
Rreth flamurit të përbashkuar''
("United Around the Flag")

..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
من الشعب و للشعب    (Arabic)
"From the people and for the people"
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Virtus Unita Fortior"   (Latin)
"Strength United is Stronger"
Anthem
El Gran Carlemany, Mon Pare
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Virtus Unita Fortior"   (Latin)
"Unity Provides Strength"
Anthem
Angola Avante!   (Portuguese)
Forward Angola!
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Each Endeavouring, All Achieving"
Anthem
Fair Antigua and Barbuda
Royal anthem
God Save the Queen  1
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
En unión y libertad   (Spanish)
"In Union and Freedom"
Anthem
Himno Nacional Argentino
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Մեկ Ազգ, Մեկ Մշակույթ   (Armenian)
"

..... Click the link for more information.
Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]


Capital Canberra

Largest city Sydney
..... Click the link for more information.
Anthem
Land der Berge, Land am Strome   (German)
Land of Mountains, Land on the River
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
none
Anthem
Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Himni
(March of Azerbaijan)
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Forward, Upward, Onward Together"
Anthem
"March On, Bahamaland"
Royal anthem
"God Save the Queen"
..... Click the link for more information.
Anthem
بحريننا
Bahrainona
Our Bahrain


Capital
(and largest city) Manama

..... Click the link for more information.
Anthem
Amar Shonar Bangla
My Golden Bengal


Capital
(and largest city) Dhaka

..... Click the link for more information.
The introduction to this article may be too long. Please help improve the introduction by moving some material from it into the body of the article according to the suggestions at Wikipedia's .
..... Click the link for more information.
Anthem
Мы, беларусы   (Belarusian)
My, Belarusy   (transliteration)
We Belarusians
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Eendracht maakt macht   (Dutch)
L'union fait la force"   (French)
Einigkeit macht stark
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Sub Umbra Floreo   (Latin)
"You'd Better Belize It"
Anthem
"Land of the Free"
Royal anthem
"God Save the Queen"
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Fraternité, Justice, Travail"   (French)
"Fellowship, Justice, Labour"
Anthem
L'Aube Nouvelle   (French)

..... Click the link for more information.
Druk Gyal-Khab
Dru Gäkhap
Kingdom of Bhutan


Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Druk tsendhen
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"¡La unión es la fuerza!"   (Spanish)
"Unity is strength!"
Anthem
Bolivianos, el hado propicio
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Jedna lasta, men' s' čini proljeće"
Anthem
Intermeco


..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Pula"
"Rain"
Anthem
Fatshe leno la rona
Blessed Be This Noble Land


Capital
(and largest city) Gaborone

..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Ordem e Progresso   (Portuguese)
"Order and Progress"
Anthem
Hino Nacional Brasileiro
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Always in service with God's guidance"   (translation)
Anthem
Allah Peliharakan Sultan
God Bless the Sultan
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Съединението прави силата   (Bulgarian)
"Suedinenieto pravi silata"
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Unité, Progrès, Justice"   (French)
"Unity, Progress, Justice"
Anthem
Une Seule Nuit   (French)
One Single Night
..... Click the link for more information.
This section is written like a personal reflection or and may require .
Please [ improve this article] by rewriting this section in an . (, talk)


Republika y'u Burundi
République du Burundi
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto

"Nation, Religion, King"
Anthem
Nokoreach


Capital
(and largest city) Phnom Penh

..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Paix - Travail - Patrie"   (French)
"Peace - Work - Fatherland"
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.