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List Of Languages By First Written Accounts

"Ancient Language" redirects here. For other uses, see ancient language (disambiguation).


This is a list of languages by first written accounts which consists of the approximate dates for the first written accounts that are known for various languages.

Because of the way languages change gradually, it is usually impossible to pinpoint when a given language began to be spoken with any precision. In many cases, some form of the language had already been spoken (and even written) considerably earlier than the dates of the earliest extant samples provided here.

There are also various claims regarding still-undeciphered scripts without wide acceptance, which, if substantiated, would push backward the first attestation of certain languages.

A written record may encode a stage of a language corresponding to an earlier time — either as a result of oral tradition, or because the earliest source is a copy of an older manuscript that was lost. Oral tradition of epic poetry may typically bridge a few centuries, but in rare cases, over a millennium. An extreme case is the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda: the earliest parts of this text are dated to ca. 1500 BC, while the oldest known manuscript dates to the 11th century AD, corresponding to a gap of approximately 2,500 years.

For languages that have developed out of a known predecessor, dates provided here are subject to conventional terminology. For example, Old French developed gradually out of Vulgar Latin, and the Oaths of Strasbourg (842) listed are the earliest text that is classified as "Old French". Similarly, Danish and Swedish separate from common Old East Norse in the 12th century, while Norwegian separates from Old West Norse around 1300.

Before 1000 BC

Further information: Bronze Age writing
Date LanguageAttestationNotes
c. 3450 BCSumerianIdeographic tablets from the temple archives in Uruk[1][2]
c. 3320 BCEgyptianA collection of labels from tomb Uj, perhaps belonging to King Scorpion, in the Umm el-Qa'ab[3][2]
c. 2400 BCEblaite
c. 2300 BCAkkadian
c. 2250 BCElamiteAwan dynasty peace treaty with Naram-Sin
c. 1800 BCWest Semitic / proto-CanaaniteMiddle Bronze Age alphabets
c. 1800 BCLuwian
c. 1650 BCHittiteVarious cuneiform texts and Palace Chronicles written during the reign of Hattusili I, from the archives at Hattusas
c. 1600 BCMinoanLinear A
c. 1500 BCCanaaniteProto-Canaanite alphabet
c. 1450 BCGreekLinear B tablet archive from Bronze Age Pylos
c. 1300 BCChineseOracle bone script[5]
c. 1300 BCUgaritic

1st millennium BC

1st millennium AD

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1000-1500 AD

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After 1500 AD

Date LanguageAttestationNotes
1521RomanianNeacşu's letter.
1530Latvian
1535Estonian
1539Classical NahuatlBreve y mas compendiosa doctrina cristiana en lengua mexicana y castellanaPossibly the first printed book in the New World. No copies are known to exist today.[14]
1543Modern FinnishAbckiria by Mikael Agricola.
1545Lithuanian
ca. 1550New Dutch/Standard DutchStatenbijbelThe Statenbijbel is commonly accepted to be the start of Standard Dutch, but various experiments were performed around 1550 in Flanders and Brabant. Although none proved to be lasting they did create a semi-standard and many formed the base for the Statenbijbel.
1554WastekA grammar by Andrés de Olmos.
1600Buginese
ca. 1650UbykhThe Seyahatname of Evliya Çelebi.
1692Sakha (Yakut)
ca. 1695SeriGrammar and vocabulary compiled by Adamo Gilg.No longer known to exist.[15]
1728SwahiliUtendi wa Tambuka
1743Chinese Pidgin English
1770Guugu YimithirrWords recorded by James Cook's crew.
1814Māori languagesystematic orthography from 1820 (Hongi Hika)
1819Cherokee
ca. 1830Vai
1832GamilaraayBasic vocabulary collected by Thomas Mitchell.[16]
ca. 1900Papuan languages
ca. 1900Other Austronesian languages.
1903Lingala
1984Gooniyandi

Constructed languages

Date LanguageAttestationNotes
1879VolapükAn artificial language created by Johann Martin Schleyer.
1887EsperantoUnua LibroAn artificial language created by L. L. Zamenhof.
1907IdoAn artificial language based on Esperanto.
1917QuenyaAn artificial language created by J. R. R. Tolkien.
1928NovialAn artificial language created by Otto Jespersen.
1935SonaSona, an auxiliary neutral languageAn artificial language created by Kenneth Searight.
1951InterlinguaInterlingua-English DictionaryAn artificial language created by the International Auxiliary Language Association.
1955LoglanAn artificial language created by James Cooke Brown.
1985KlingonAn artificial language created by Marc Okrand.
1987LojbanAn artificial language based on Loglan created by the Logical Language Group.

References

1. ^ Shupp, Mike. Some Problems for Mesopotamian Archaeology. Archived from the original on 2002-12-06. Retrieved on 2007-01-17.
2. ^ Lawler, Andrew (2001-06-29). Writing Gets a Rewrite. Retrieved on 2007-06-04.
3. ^ Mattessich, Richard (2002-06). The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt. The Accounting Historians Journal. Retrieved on 2006-10-05.
4. ^ Lawler, Andrew (2001-06-29). Writing Gets a Rewrite. Retrieved on 2007-06-04.
5. ^ William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol. 17, No. 3, Early Writing Systems. (Feb., 1986), pp. 420-436 (436)
6. ^ Vine, Brent. A Note on the Duenos Inscription. Retrieved on 2006-09-20.
7. ^ Iravatham Mahadevan (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. ((excerpt. Retrieved on 2007-05-22., review. The Hindu review. Retrieved on 2007-05-22.)
8. ^ Onze Taal. Livios.org. Retrieved on 2006-09-20.
9. ^ Oldest written English?. Cronaca.com.
10. ^ History of the Italian language.. Retrieved on 2006-09-24.
11. ^ Krause, Todd B.; Slocum, Jonathan (2007). Old Church Slavonic Online: Series Introduction. Linguistics Research Center, College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved on 2007-07-14.
12. ^ MORAN, J. i J. A. RABELLA (ed.) (2001). Primers textos de la llengua catalana. Proa (Barcelona). ISBN 84-8437-156-5. 
13. ^ Various texts, among whom the Servaaslegende by Henderik van de Veldeke
14. ^ Schwaller, John Frederick (1973). "A Catalogue of Pre-1840 Nahuatl Works Held by The Lilly Library". The Indiana University Bookman 11: 69-88. 
15. ^ Marlett, Stephen A.. "The Structure of Seri" (PDF).
16. ^ Austin, Peter K. The Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi) Language, northern New South Wales — A Brief History of Research

See also

Ancient language may refer to:
..... Click the link for more information.
Writing, is the representation of language in a textual medium; that is with the use of signs or symbols. It is distinguished from illustration such as cave drawings and paintings, and recording language via a non-textual medium such as magnetic tape audio.
..... Click the link for more information.
See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.


A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
..... Click the link for more information.
Many undeciphered writing systems are prehistoric in nature, dating from several thousand years BC, though some more modern examples do exist. The difficulty in deciphering these systems can arise from a lack of known descendents or from the languages being entirely isolated, from
..... Click the link for more information.
Oral tradition or oral culture is a way for a society to transmit history, literature, law or other knowledge across generations without a writing system. An example that combined aspects of oral literature and oral history, before eventually being set down in writing, is
..... Click the link for more information.
For other meanings of epic, see .
The epic is long, exalted narrative poetry, generally concerning a serious subject and details the heroic deeds and events important to a culture or nation.
..... Click the link for more information.
Vedic Sanskrit is an ancient Indian language, the language of the Vedas, the oldest shruti texts of Hinduism. It is an archaic form of Sanskrit, an early descendant of Proto-Indo-Iranian, attested during the period between roughly 1700 BCE (early Rigveda) and 600
..... Click the link for more information.
The Rigveda (Sanskrit ऋग्वेद
..... Click the link for more information.
Old French was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300.
..... Click the link for more information.
Vulgar Latin (in Latin, sermo vulgaris, "common speech") is a blanket term covering the vernacular dialects and sociolects of the Latin language until those dialects, diverging still further, evolved into the early Romance languages — a distinction usually made
..... Click the link for more information.
The Oaths of Strasbourg (Modern French: les serments de Strasbourg, Modern German: die Straßburger Eide, Latin Sacramenta Argentariae) is the name by which we know the pledges of allegiance taken in 842 at Strasbourg by Louis the German, son of
..... Click the link for more information.
Danish}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  Denmark
 Greenland
 Faroe Islands
 European Union
Nordic Council
Regulated by: Dansk Sprognævn ("Danish Language Committee")
Language codes
ISO 639-1: da
ISO 639-2:
..... Click the link for more information.
Swedish}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  European Union
 European Union (in Noarootsi along with Estonian) [1]
 Finland
 Sweden (de facto)
Nordic Council
..... Click the link for more information.
Norwegian}}} 
Official status
Official language of:  Norway
Nordic Council
Regulated by: Norwegian Language Council
Language codes
ISO 639-1: no — Norwegian
nb — Bokml
nn — Nynorsk
..... Click the link for more information.
Old Norse}}} 
Writing system: Runic, later Latin alphabet.
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: non
ISO 639-3: non

Old Norse
..... Click the link for more information.
and
35th century
←← ↔ →→


..... Click the link for more information.
Sumerian ( EME.GIR15
..... Click the link for more information.
ideogram or ideograph (from Greek ἰδέα idea "idea" + γράφω
..... Click the link for more information.
Ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates Tigris
Cities / Empires
Sumer: Uruk ' Ur ' Eridu
Kish ' Lagash ' Nippur
Akkadian Empire: Akkad
Babylon ' Isin ' Susa
Assyria: Assur Nineveh
..... Click the link for more information.
and
34th century
←← ↔ →→


..... Click the link for more information.

 Egyptian}}} 
Writing system: hieroglyphs, cursive hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic and Coptic (later, occasionally Arabic script in government translations)
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: egy
ISO 639-3: egy
..... Click the link for more information.
Scorpion, also translated as King Scorpion or Scorpion II, or rarely as Serqet, refers to the second of two kings so-named of Upper Egypt during the Protodynastic Period. His name may refer to the goddess Serket.
..... Click the link for more information.
Umm el-Qa'ab (sometimes Umm el Ga'ab, Arabic: أم القعاب) is the necropolis of the Early Dynastic[1] kings at Abydos, in Egypt[2].
..... Click the link for more information.
and
24th century
←← ↔ →→


..... Click the link for more information.
Eblaite}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: sem
ISO 639-3: xeb

Eblaite is an extinct, perhaps East Semitic language, which was spoken in the 3rd millennium BCE in the ancient city of Ebla, in modern Syria.
..... Click the link for more information.
and
23rd century
←← ↔ →→


..... Click the link for more information.
Akkadian}}} 
Writing system: Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform 
Official status
Official language of: initially Akkad (central Mesopotamia); lingua franca of the Middle East and Egypt in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages.
..... Click the link for more information.
and
23rd century
←← ↔ →→


..... Click the link for more information.
Elamite is an extinct language, which was spoken by the ancient Elamites (also known as Ilamids). Elamite was an official language of the Persian Empire from the sixth to fourth centuries BC.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam, founded by king Peli at the dawn of history. It must have been an important influence on Sumer from the earliest times, for their conflicts with Mesopotamia begin with Enmebaragesi of Kish (ca.
..... Click the link for more information.


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