See also the related deity Satrapes.

Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Median and Persian empires, including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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Mardonius (d. 479 BC) was a Persian commander during the Persian Wars with Greece in the 5th century BC.

He was the son of Gobryas and the son-in-law of Darius I of Persia, whose daughter Artozostra he had married.
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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Sakas were the Scythians who lived in the eastern part of Central Asia. They are considered to be of north-eastern Iranian people by modern scholars.^[1][2][3]
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Yauna (The old Persian name for the Greeks, derived from Iones, the name of the Greeks living along the coasts of Asia Minor) or Ionia, was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. The first mention of the Yauna is at the Behistun inscription.
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Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (modern day Antalya province, Side,Turkey).
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Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus.
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Cappadocia (from Old Persian Katpatuka) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire used by the Achaemenids to administer the regions beyond the Taurus Mountains and the Euphrates river.
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Caria (Greek: Καρία) was a region of Anatolia situated south of Ionia and west of Phrygia and Lycia. The eponymous inhabitants were known as Carians, and came to Caria before the Greeks.
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Lydia (known as Sparda by the Achaemenids) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, with Sardis as its capitol. Tabalus, appointed by Cyrus the Great was the first satrap (governor), however, his rule did not last long as the Lydians revolted.
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Thrace was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. It was conquered by general Mardonius, under the reign of Darius the Great. Herodotus places the Thracians, along with the Hellespontines and Mariandynians, in district III/b of the Achaemenid Empire.
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Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history. The size of Persian Armenia varied over time.

Armenians and the Achaemenid Empire

After the fall of the Median empire In 550 B.C.
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Cilicia (modern Turkish name is Çukurova) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, with its capitol at Tarsus. It was conquered sometime in the 540's by Cyrus the Great. Cilicia was a vassal, and although it had a vassal king had to pay a tribute of 360 horses and 500 talents of
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Taxila was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. It was added to the during the reign of Darius the Great. The occupation did not last long, and there are no archaeological traces of western armies in the Punjab, although a claim that the Persians built something in the area was made
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Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš, country of the "hundred cows") was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, perhaps corresponding to the mountains between Iran and Pakistan.
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Gedrosia was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, corresponding to modern Iranian Baluchistan. The capitol of the satrapy was Pura which is probably identical to modern Bampûr, forty kilometers west of Irânshahr.
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Carmania was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire as well as, later on, the Sassanid Empire. The region is equivalent to modern day Kermān Province in Iran. Nothing specific is known about the boundaries of Carmania, which may have fluctuated.
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Maka was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire and later a satrapy of the Sassanid Empire (known as Mazun), corresponding to modern day Oman. It was also Maka was part of the empire by 520 BCE, however, it is possible that it was conquered by Cyrus the Great, who is
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Drangiana (Old Persian: Zranka "waterland") was a historical region of the Achaemenid Empire, now part of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Eastern Iran. The land was inhabited by a Iranian tribe which the Greeks referred to as Sarangians or Drangians.
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Arachosia is the Greek name of an ancient province of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Mauryan and Parthian empires. It corresponds to southeastern Afghanistan as well as parts of Pakistan and India.
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Bactria was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. When it was incorporated into the empire is unknown but it is possible that it was done under the reign of Cyrus the Great, although the first mention of Bactria comes in 520 BCE at the Behistun inscription.
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Parthia (Old Persian Parthava), before it became the Parthian Empire, was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire. The borders of Parthia were the Kopet Dag mountain range in the north (today the border between Iran and Turkmenistan) and the Dasht-e-Kavir desert in the south.
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Aria (Greek Areia/Aria, Latin Aria, representing Old Persian. Haraiva, Avestan Haraeuua), name of a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire, several times confused with Ariane in the classical sources.
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Chorasmia (Old Persian Uvârazmiya) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. Chorasmia had become part of the Achaemenid Empire before 522, and it seems to have been ruled by the satrap of Parthia. By the time of Darius III, it had become an independent kingdom.
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Sogdiana or Sogdia (Tajik: Суғд - Old Persian: Sughuda; Persian: سغد; Chinese:
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Kush was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. The territory was conquered from the Nubians.

Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire (Behistun and Daiva inscriptions)
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Arabia was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire and later of the Sassanid Empire, by the name of Arabistan.

Achaemenid Era

Achaemenid Arabia corresponded to the lands between Egypt and Mesopotamia, known as Arabia Petraea.
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