Malayo-Polynesian languages

Information about Malayo-Polynesian languages

Malayo-Polynesian
Geographic
distribution:		 Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Genetic
classification:		 }}
Subdivisions:
ISO 639-2:map


The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia. Malagasy is a geographic outlier, spoken in the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

A characteristic of the Malayo-Polynesian languages is a tendency to use reduplication (repetition of all or part of a word --e.g., wiki-wiki) to express the plural, and like other Austronesian languages they have simple phonologies; thus a text has few but frequent sounds. The majority also lack consonant clusters (e.g., [str] or [mpt] in English). Most also have only a small set of spoken vowels, five being a common number.

Classification

For several decades, Malayo-Polynesian was divided into Western ("Hesperonesian") and Central-Eastern branches. However, the Western branch was a geographic grouping never positively defined as a linguistic unit; it was only described negatively as those Malayo-Polynesian languages which were not in the well established Central-Eastern branch. In recent classifications it has been abandoned, with some of its languages split off in an "Outer" group as a primary branch of Malayo-Polynesian, and the rest retained in an "Inner" group within a Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian branch. These Inner and Outer groups may also be called the Borneo-Philippines languages and Sunda-Sulawesi languages, after their geographic spread.

The Borneo-Philippines, Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian, or Outer Hesperonesian languages


Borneo-Philippines languages have about 130 million speakers and include Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Kapampangan, Waray-Waray, and Malagasy.

Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages


;The Sunda-Sulawesi, Inner Western Malayo-Polynesian, or Inner Hesperonesian languages


These languages are spoken by about 230 million speakers and include Indonesian Malay, Malaysian Malay, Sundanese, Javanese, Acehnese, Chamorro, and Palau (Belau).

;The Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
These include Gilbertese, Nauruan, Romang, Hawaiian, Maori, Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, and Tuvaluan.

External links



Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, and north of Australia.
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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Pacific Ocean
  • Southern Ocean


The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum
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A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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Borneo-Philippines languages (or Outer Hesperonesian or Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which includes the languages of the Philippines, much of Borneo, the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, and Madagascar, as outlined
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Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages are a branch of the Austronesian family that are thought to have dispersed from a possible homeland in Sulawesi.

Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian is considered to have two branches:
  • The Sunda-Sulawesi languages or

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ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. The three-letter codes given for each language in this part of the standard are referred to as "Alpha-3" codes. There are 464 language codes in the list.
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Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. It is on par with Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic and Uralic as one of the best-established ancient language families.
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Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, and north of Australia.
..... Click the link for more information.
Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Pacific Ocean
  • Southern Ocean


The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum
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Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area (or 29.4% of its land area) and, with almost 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.
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Malagasy}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: mg
ISO 639-2: mlg
ISO 639-3: mlg

Malagasy (in French also: Malgache) is the national language of Madagascar.
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Motto
Tanindrazana, Fahafahana, Fandrosoana   (Malagasy)
Patrie, liberté, progrès   (French)
"Ancestral-land, Liberty, Progress"
Anthem

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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Pacific Ocean
  • Southern Ocean
This article is about the water body. For the Indian fusion music band, see Indian Ocean (band).

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Reduplication, in linguistics, is a morphological process by which the root or stem of a word, or only part of it, is repeated.

Reduplication is used both in inflections to convey a grammatical function, such as plurality, intensification, etc.
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For the journal, see .
Phonology (Greek φωνή (phōnē), voice, sound + λόγος (lógos), word, speech, subject of discussion), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a
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The Western Malayo-Polynesian languages, also know as the Hesperonesian languages, are those Malayo-Polynesian languages which are not in the Central-Eastern branch.
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Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages is a subgroup of the Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages. It consists of over 700 languages.

Components

  • Central Malayo-Polynesian

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Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages are a branch of the Austronesian family that are thought to have dispersed from a possible homeland in Sulawesi.

Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian is considered to have two branches:
  • The Sunda-Sulawesi languages or

..... Click the link for more information.
Borneo-Philippines languages (or Outer Hesperonesian or Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which includes the languages of the Philippines, much of Borneo, the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, and Madagascar, as outlined
..... Click the link for more information.
Sunda-Sulawesi languages (or Inner Hesperonesian or Inner Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which include the languages of Sulawesi and the Greater Sunda Islands, as well as a few outliers such as Chamorro and Palauan, as
..... Click the link for more information.
Borneo-Philippines languages (or Outer Hesperonesian or Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which includes the languages of the Philippines, much of Borneo, the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, and Madagascar, as outlined
..... Click the link for more information.
Borneo-Philippines languages (or Outer Hesperonesian or Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which includes the languages of the Philippines, much of Borneo, the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, and Madagascar, as outlined
..... Click the link for more information.
Tagalog}}} 
Writing system: Latin (Filipino variant);
Historically written in Baybayin 
Official status
Official language of: Philippines (in the form of Filipino)
Regulated by: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino language)
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Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). It is a subgroup or member of Bisaya, Visayan and Binisayâ.
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Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines.

Being an Austronesian language, it is related to such languages as Indonesian, Malay, Fijian, Maori (of New
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Hiligaynon (or "Ilonggo") is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Hiligaynon is concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo and Negros Occidental.
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Bikol refers to Central Bicolano (also known as Bikol Central) is one of the languages that compose Coastal Bikol. [1] It is spoken in Bicol Region of the Philippines (Region V).
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Kapampangan is one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.

History

The word Kapampangan or Capampañgan is derived from the rootword pampang which means river bank.
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Wáray-Wáray or Waráy (commonly spelled as Waray; also referred to as Winaray or L(in)eyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte (eastern portion), and Biliran in the Philippines.
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Malagasy}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: mg
ISO 639-2: mlg
ISO 639-3: mlg

Malagasy (in French also: Malgache) is the national language of Madagascar.
..... Click the link for more information.

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