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North-south Divide

The North-South Divide[1] is the socio-economic and political division that exists between the wealthy developed countries, known collectively as "the North", and the poorer developing countries (least developed countries), or "the South."[2] Although most nations comprising the "North" are in fact located in the Northern Hemisphere, the divide is not primarily defined by geography. The North is home to four out of five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and all members of the G8. "The North" mostly covers the West and the First World, with much of the Second World. The expression "North-South divide" is still in common use, but the terms "North" and "South" are already somewhat outdated. As nations become economically developed, they may become part of the "North", regardless of geographical location, while any other nations which do not qualify for "developed" status are in effect deemed to be part of the "South."[3]

Problems with the divide

The fall of the Soviet Bloc countries and its further poverty weakened down the expression "North-South Divide" since many Soviet Bloc nations now fall into developing status, and the term "Second World" is presently out of use. On the other hand, many nations previously considered "developing," such as East Asian Tigers, are now developed and are part of the modern "First World;" however, in some maps of the North-South Divide, such nations are depicted as part of the "South," which is inconsistent with the above-given definition. The dependencies of the developed nations are also referred as "South," although they are part of the developed world.[4]

The north: developed nations

Main article: Developed Country


Organisations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), generally agree that the group of developed countries includes the following countries/regions (in alphabetical order):
Enlarge picture
     Countries described as high-income and advanced economies by the WB and IMF

Americas

Asia

Europe

Oceania

The rest of "the north"

Other G8 Members

Central and Eastern Europe

Balkans

Brandt Line

The Brandt Line is a visual depiction of the North-South divide, proposed by German Chancellor Willy Brandt in the 1970s. It approximately encircles the world at a latitude of 30° N, passing between North and Central America, north of Africa and India, but dipping south so as to include Australia and New Zealand in the "Rich North".

Digital divide

The global digital divide is often characterised as corresponding to the North-South divide, however it is interesting to note that Internet use, and especially broadband access, is now soaring in Asia compared with other continents. This phenomenon is partially explained by the ability of many countries in Asia to bypass older Internet technology and infrastructure, coupled with booming economies which allow vastly more people to get on-line.

Development Gap

Enlarge picture
World map indicating Human Development Index (2004).

     high (0.800–1)

     medium (0.500–0.799)

     low (0.300–0.499)

     n/a

(colour-blind compliant map)
The North-South divide has more recently been named the development gap. This places greater emphasis on closing the evident gap between rich (more economically developed) countries and poor (less economically developed countries) countries. A good measure of on which side of the gap a country is located is the Human Development Index (HDI). The nearer this is to 1.0, the greater is the country's level of development and the further the country is on its development pathway (closer towards being well developed), exemplified well by Walter Rostow's model of development and the Clark Fisher model.

See also

External links

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ Therien. J.P, (1999) Beyond the North-South Divide: the two tales of world poverty. Third World Quarterly. Vol 20. No. 4. pp723-742
Socioeconomics or Socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and social life. The field is often considered multidisciplinary, using theories and methods from sociology, economics, history, psychology, and many others.
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Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. Although the term is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, politics is observed in all human group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious
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developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate.
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developing country has a relatively low standard of living, an undeveloped industrial base, and a moderate to low Human Development Index (HDI) score. In developing countries, there is low per capita income, widespread poverty, and low capital formation.
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Least Developed Countries (LDCs or Fourth World countries) are countries which according to the United Nations exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world.
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Northern Hemisphere or northern hemisphere[1] is the half of a planet that is north of the equator—the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator.
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Geography - (from the Greek words Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), both meaning "Earth", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write"
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United Nations Security Council

UN Security Council chamber in New York
Org type: Principal Organ
Acronyms: UNSC
Head: Security Council President (rotating)
October 2007: Ghana
Status: Active
Established: 1946
Website: www.un.
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Group of Eight (G8) is an international forum for the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Together, these countries represent about 65% of the world economy[2]
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Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e.g., the time period, or the social situation).
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Blue: First World, Red: Second World, Green: Third World ]]

The term "first world" refers to countries that are [[democracy|democracies]], which are technologically advanced, and whose citizens have a high [[standard of living]].
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Blue: First World, Red: Second World, Green: Third World]]

The term "Second World" is a phrase that was used to describe the Communist states within the Soviet Union's sphere of influence.
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Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and its allies in Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and—until the early 1960s—Albania).
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Four Asian Tigers or East Asian Tigers refers to the economies of Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea. They are also known as Asia's Four Little Dragons.
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developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate.
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The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty.
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International Monetary Fund

IMF member states
Headquarters Washington, D.C., USA

Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn
Central Bank of

Base borrowing rate 5.50%

Website www.
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Central Intelligence Agency

Seal of the Central Intelligence Agency
Agency overview
Formed 26 July, 1947
Preceding Agency Central Intelligence Group

Headquarters Langley, Virginia, United States

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Anthem
March of the Volunteers (义勇军进行曲)
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Anthem
March of the Volunteers[1]



Capital None[2]
Largest district (population) Sha Tin District
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Anthem
March of the Volunteers


Capital none[1]
Largest freguesia (population) Freguesia de Nossa Senhora de Fátima
Official languages Chinese, Portuguese
Government
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Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
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"Quo Fata Ferunt"   (Latin)
"Whither the Fates Carry [Us]"
Anthem
God Save the Queen (official)
Hail to Bermuda (unofficial)
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2]   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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Motto
A Mare Labor   (Latin)
"From the Sea, Work"
Anthem
La Marseillaise
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Motto
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
Anthem
"La Marseillaise"


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Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area (or 29.4% of its land area) and, with almost 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.
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Anthem
March of the Volunteers[1]



Capital None[2]
Largest district (population) Sha Tin District
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